• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.287-290
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• 2004

This study was desinged to investigate the cytotoxic effect of ethanonl extract of radish, Raphanuse sativus on human lung cancer cell lines (A-549) using MTT(3-〔4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl〕-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Radish trunk and radish root were extracted by a mixed solvent of water and ethanol (5 : 5, v/v) after drying, The extracts were used for anticancer activity assay. $IC_{50}$/ (50% inhibitory concentration) of radish trunk and radish root were 0.015% and 0.03%, respectively. Radish trunk extract showed higher anticancer activity than radish root extract at the same concentration of 0.01％.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1106-1109
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• 2008

The anti-Helicobacter pylori activity, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity of white ginseng extract (WGE) were investigated in vitro in this study. The antimicrobial effects of WGE toward H. pylori strains 52 J99, SSI, and 51 were tested using the disk diffusion method. Among these H. pylori strains, H. pylori 52 was the most sensitive, having the largest inhibition zone (19 mm), followed by J99, SSI, and 51. The zone of inhibition due to WGE increased significantly with increasing dosage. The cytotoxicity of WGE toward the human cancer cell lines A-549 (human lung carcinoma), HEC-1-B (human endometrial adenocarcinoma), HeLa (human uterin adenocarcinoma), and SW-156 (human kidney carcinoma) was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylate-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. WGE exhibited an inhibitory effect on cell growth at 2.0 mg/mL for all tumor cell lines. An analysis of anti-inflammatory activity using the RAW 264.7 cell line showed that the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production increased as the WGE content increased. These results demonstrate the potential of WGE to be used as a health-promoting substance.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.263-267
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• 2008

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment utilizing the generation of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), which selectively accumulate in target cells. Peroxiredoxin (prx) plays an important role in eliminating peroxides generated during metabolism. Prx exert protective antioxidant role in cells though peroxidase activity. The aim of present work is to investigate the cytotoxicity of photofrin-mediated PDT in prx IV-transfectant AMC-HN3 cell lines. We confirmed that PDT has an effect on ROS generation in prx IV-induced cell lines. Treatment of PDT in prx IV-HN3 cell lines inhibits cytotoxic effects. Prx IV-induced HN3 cell lines resists in cell death during PDT. Also, prx IV-HN3 cell lines treated PDT inhibited ROS generation in contrast with vector control. We indicated that prx IV-induced AMC-HN3 cell lines have a function as inhibitors during PDT.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.4 s.139
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• pp.338-345
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• 2004

Scavenging effects of DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation, inhibition of NO synthesis and iNOS expression were tested with extracts and chromatographic subfractions of Canavalia lineata obtained at Jeju island. Chloroform extract and its subfractions gave moderate effects on scavenging DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical, They also inhibited linoleic acid oxidation, and NO synthesis. Inhibition of NO synthesis resulted from the repression of iNOS gene expression. Ethyl acetate extract and its subfractions showed excellent effects on scavenging DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical, while they were cytotoxic.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 1997

In an effort to screen new selective antitumor agents from the broth of soil microorganism, cytotoxicity oriented screening was performed against tumor cells and 3 compounds (Compound 1, 2 and 3) were isolated from Sreptomyces parvullus ISP 5048 and their chemical structures were determined. Among these compounds, Compound 2 showed the highest cytotoxicity against P388Dl and L1210. While the $IC_{50}$/ values of compound 2 against P388Dl and L1210 were 0.073$\mu$g/ml and 0.07$\mu$g/ml, respectively, and the $IC_{50}$/ value of Compound 3 was 0.17$\mu$g/ml against human lung cancer cells, A549, the cytotoxicity of Compound 2 and 3 against normal cell line, Vero E6 cell was about 4- and 8-fold lower than that of adriamycin. Based on the chemical analysis data, Compound 3 was octacosamicine A, a known antibiotic, which was reported by Dobasih et al. (1988). Taken together the results demonstrated that Compound 2 and Compound 3 has the possibility to be developed as antitumor agent because of its potent cytotoxicity as well as high selectivity against various cancer cell lines.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 2000

In order to observe the cytotoxicity of Acanthamoeba spp., which were isolated from contact lens containers as ethiological agents for the probable amoebic keratitis in Korea, the crystal violet staining method and LDH release assay were carried out. In the crystal violet staining method, among eight contact lens container isolates, isolate 3 (Acanthauloeba KA/LS5) showed 83.6% and 81.8% of cytotoxicity, and isolate 7 (Acanthamoeba KA/LS37) showed 28.2% and 25.1% of cytotoxicity, in 1 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml Iysate treatments, respectively. Acanthamoeba cutbertsoni and A. healyi showed 84.0% and 82.8% of cytotoxicity. Similar results were observed in A. costellunii and A. hafchefti which showed 83.6% and 75.5% or cytotoxicity. Acanthamoeba roureba and A. polyphaga showed 9.0% and 1.7% of cytotoxicity. In the LDH release assay, isolate 3 (20.4%) showed higher cytotoxicity than other isolates in 1 mg/ml Iysate treatment. The results provide that at least isolate 3 has the cytotoxic effect against CHO cells and seems to be the pathogenic strain.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2008

In order to investigate whether the particles reduced to almost nano grade might affect the chemical and physical properties of organic materials, whole Korean Black-Red Ginseng was pulverized into almost nano size and then ginsenosides, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in the ultrafine particles were compared with those in the regular particles as control. The mean size of the ultrafine particles was in the 350 nm range, while that of the regular particles was $127{\mu}m$. More ginsenosides, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins were detected in the ultrafine particles than in the regular particles. Interestingly, more lipids from the ultrafine particles dissolved in the water than those from the regular particles in the ethanol. Absorption and transport of carbohydrate, lipid or antioxidant activity across the intestinal wall using everted intestine sacks of mice was also enhanced by particle size reduction at the almost nano scale. More cytotoxic effect against hepatoma cell growth by ultrafine particles was also found. These results could be used as the basic data for the understanding and evaluation of the effects of organic nanomaterials on the human health.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2010

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory activity of SD-01 methanol extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods : Cytotoxic activity of SD-01 methanol extract on RAW 264.7 cells was measured using 5-(3-caroboxymeth-oxyphenyl)-2H-tetra-zolium inner salt (MTS) assay. The nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by Griess reagent system. And proinflammatory cytokines and $PGE_2$ were measured by ELISA method. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), $I{\kappa}$-B-alpha and nuclear NF-${\kappa}$ B p65 expression were detected by western blot. Results : Our results indicated that methanol extract of SD-01 significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO, $PGE_2$ production and iNOS, COX-2 expression accompanied by an attenuation of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1\beta$, IL-6 and MCP-1 production in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, methanol extract of SD-01 treatment also blocked LPS-induced NF-kB activation. Conclusion : These findings indicate that methanol extract of SD-01 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines via suppression of NF-${\kappa}$ B activation. Take together, these results indicate that methanol extract of SD-01 has the potential for use as an agent of anti-chronic inflammatory diseases.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.48-61
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• 1997

In this study, antineoplastic activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(Hep G2) was tested in Gleditsiae Spina. Gleditsiae Spina was extracted with water, and the cytotoxic activity was tested using a calorimetric tetrazolium assay(MTT assay), the apoptosis was tested using a DNA electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The nitric oxide production from mouse peritoneal macrophage was tested using a Griess method. Gleditsiae Spina extracts against the proliferation of Hep G2 cells not showed cytotoxicity at the concentration of less than $100{\mu}g/ml$, and Gleditsiae Spina extracts not showed the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C and the cytotoxicity of cisplatin on Hep G2 cells. Gleditsiae Spina extracts aginist the proliperation of BALB/c 3T3 cells not showed cytotoxicity, the proliperation of mouse thymocytes and splenocytes not showed cytotoxicity at the concentration of less than $100{\mu}g/ml$. Gleditsiae Spina extracts not showed nitric oxide production from mouse peritoneal macrophage in vitro. Gleditsiae Spina was administered orally for 7 days at 300mg/kg increased nitric oxide production from mouse peritoneal macrophage.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2001

Animal and clinical studies as well as epidemiological data have provided convincing evidence that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can protect against atherosclerosis. However, the effects of the fatty acids on atherogenesis are contradictory. This discrepancy could derive from great susceptibility of the fatty acids to oxidation. We investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic aced(EPA) on cellular atherogenesis via the scavenger receptor of THP-1 derived macrophages. THP-1 cells were fully differentiated into macrophages by incubating with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for seven days. Atherogenic features of EPA were compared by subsitituting for linoleic acid (LA). Macrophages were also incubated without treatment of the fatty acids as controls. EPA (5-50 nmol/mL) was not cytotoxic and did not measurably induce cellular oxidation compared to bovine serum albumin (BSA) vehicle or identical doses of LA. EPA increased macrophage uptake and degradation of acetylated LDL(AcLDL) up to 14% and 88%, respectively. EPA increased markedly total cellular sterol synthesis and heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activity of macrophages, indicating that EPA may enhance accumulation of cellular cholesteryl ester and possibly facilitate formation of foam cells. These results demonstrate that EPA promotes the modified LDL-triggered atherosclerotic process by the modulation of the scavenger receptor and the activation of LPL in macrophages.