• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2023

Objectives : This study was conducted to confirm the skin anti-aging effect of Chungpyesagan-tang(CPSGT) extract. Methods : We performed MMT assay to confirm the cytotoxicity of CPSGT. After inducing matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) with tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), we investigated mRNA expression and protein secretion of MMP-1 by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. In addition, we measured the protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) and transcription factors by western blot. Results : CPSGT was not cytotoxic at 25-800㎍/㎖. The mRNA expression and protein secretion of MMP-1 decreased when treated with CPSGT. The protein expression of p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38 was decreased by CPSGT. In addition, the protein expression of p-c-jun and p-NF-κB, which are transcription factors, were also decreased. Conclusion : This suggests that CPSGT can inhibit MMP-1 and thus be a potential anti-aging substance.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Silkworm pupae, a by-product of the silk industry are known to be valuable resource of nutrients for humans as well as animals besides encompassing diverse bioactive constituents. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on their role in amelioration of oxidative stress and anti-skin aging properties. In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of aqueous as well as ethanolic (30% and 70%) extracts from distinct stages of male and female silkworm pupae belonging to two silkworm varieties on skin aging-related enzymes. The activities of collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase were effectively inhibited by 70% ethanolic silkworm pupal extracts (SPE), followed by 30% with aqueous extracts exhibiting meager inhibitory potential. SPE were also investigated for their antioxidant activity in oxidative-stressed murine fibroblasts (L929). The intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in fibroblasts was better attenuated by pre treatment with ethanolic (30%) and aqueous extracts, respectively. The safety of the extracts was determined by studying their effect on fibroblast cell viability and it was found that none of the extracts were cytotoxic. Our findings indicate the potential utility of SPE as anti-aging components in cosmeceuticals.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the diverse characteristics of a novel commercial bolus, CLEANBOLUS-WHITE (CBW), to ascertain its suitability for clinical application. Methods: The evaluation of CBW encompassed both physical and biological assessments. Physical parameters such as mass density and shore hardness were measured alongside analyses of element composition. Biological evaluations included assessments for skin irritation and cytotoxicity. Dosimetric properties were examined by calculating surface dose and beam quality using a treatment planning system (TPS). Additionally, doses were measured at maximum and reference depths, and the results were compared with those obtained using a solid water phantom. The effect of air gap on dose measurement was also investigated by comparing measured doses on the RANDO phantom, under the bolus, with doses calculated from the TPS. Results: Biological evaluation confirmed that CBW is non-cytotoxic, nonirritant, and non-sensitizing. The bolus exhibited a mass density of 1.02 g/cm³ and 14 shore 00. Dosimetric evaluations revealed that using the 0.5 cm CBW resulted in less than a 1% difference compared to using the solid water phantom. Furthermore, beam quality calculations in the TPS indicated increased surface dose with the bolus. The air gap effect on dose measurement was deemed negligible, with a difference of approximately 1% between calculated and measured doses, aligning with measurement uncertainty. Conclusions: CBW demonstrates outstanding properties for clinical utilization. The dosimetric evaluation underscores a strong agreement between calculated and measured doses, validating its reliability in both planning and clinical settings.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.299-304
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• 2023

This study sought to evaluate the anticancer effects of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge root extract (CPE) on murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC1) in vitro. CPE treatment (2.5, 5, 10 ㎍/mL, 24 h) of LLC cells led to a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, while CPE treatment did not have a cytotoxic effect on non-cancer cells (NIH/3T3). CPE affects LLC by flipping the plasma membrane and making the membrane more permeable; by flow cytometry, CPE-induced annexin V and propidium iodide positivity, indicating induction of apoptosis in LLC cells. In addition, CPE enhanced the expression of apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). CPE upregulated the proapoptotic protein BCL-2-associated X while downregulating the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), suggesting that CPE induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, CPE upregulated the phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinase p38. In conclusion, the results suggest that CPE has an anticancer effect in LLC cells by inducing apoptosis via p38.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2014

Microglia are activated by inflammatory and pathophysiological stimuli in neurodegenerative diseases, and activated microglia induce neuronal damage by releasing cytotoxic factors like nitric oxide (NO). Activated microglia synthesize a significant amount of vitamin $D_3$ in the rat brain, and vitamin $D_3$ has an inhibitory effect on activated microglia. To investigate the possible role of vitamin $D_3$ as a negative regulator of activated microglia, we examined the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on NO production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. Treatment with LPS increased the production of NO in primary cultured and BV2 microglial cells. Treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ inhibited the generation of NO in LPS-activated primary microglia and BV2 cells. In addition to NO production, expression of 1-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was also upregulated in LPS-stimulated primary and BV2 microglia. When BV2 cells were transfected with 1-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase siRNA or VDR siRNA, the inhibitory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on activated BV2 cells was suppressed. 25-Hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ also inhibited the increased phosphorylation of p38 seen in LPS-activated BV2 cells, and this inhibition was blocked by VDR siRNA. The present study shows that 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ inhibits NO production in LPS-activated microglia through the mediation of LPS-induced 1-${\alpha}$-hydroxylase. This study also shows that the inhibitory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on NO production might be exerted by inhibiting LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 through the mediation of VDR signaling. These results suggest that vitamin $D_3$ might have an important role in the negative regulation of microglial activation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2001

Objective : To characterize the antitumorigenic potential of Apamin, one of the major components of bee venom, its effects on cell proliferation and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway were characterized using the human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-2. Methods & Results : Cell counting analysis for cell death demonstrated that consistent with a previous results, SK-MEL-2 cells treated with $0.5-2.0{\mu}g/ml$ of Apamin showed no recognizable cytotoxic effect whereas detectable induction of cell death was identified at concentrations over $5.0{\mu}g/ml$. [3H]thymidine incorporation assay for cell proliferation demonstrated that DNA replication of SK-MEL-2 cells is inhibited by Apamin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To explore whether Apamin-induced growth suppression is associated with the MAPK signaling pathway, phosphorylation of Erk, a function mediator of MAPK growth-stimulating signal, was examined Western blot assay using a phospho-specific Erkl/2 antibody. A significant increase of Erkl/2 phosphorylation level was observed in Apamin-treated cells compared with untreated control cells. Qantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that Apamin inhibit expression of MAPK downstream genes such as c-Jun, c-Fos, and cyclin D1 but not expression of MAPK pathway component genes including Ha-Ras, c-Raf-1, MEK1, and Erk. Conclusion : It is strongly suggested that the antitumorigenic activity of Apamin might result in part from its inhibitory effect on the MAPK signaling pathway in human melanoma cells SK-MEL-2.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1016-1019
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• 2002

To examine the cytotoxic effect of glucose oxidase(GO) in cultured mouse cerebral neurons, cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay after cultured nerve cells were incubated for 3 hours in the media containing 1 ～ 60mU/ml concentrations of GO. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of Ramulus et uncus uncariae(REUU) was determined by MTT assay in these cultrures. Cell viability was remarkably decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner after cultured mouse cerebral neurons were exposed to 30mU/ml GO for 3 hours. In the neuroprotective effect of REUU on GO-induced toxicity, REUU blocked the GO-mediated neurotoxicity in these cultures. From above the results, it suggests that GO is toxic in cultured mouse cerebral neurons and selective herb extract such as REUU is effective in prevetion of the neurotoxicity induced by GO.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표대회
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• pp.41-51
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• 2005

We examined whether extracts from 14 local citrus spp. on Jeju Island (Korea) contained chemosensitizing activity that would increase the cytotoxic effect of vincristine(VCR) in drug-resistant cancer cells. We report that methanol extracts from fruits and flowers of some species had a chemosensitizing effect that reversed P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). Using drug-sensitive AML-2/WT and drug-resistant AML-2/D100 in the absence of VCR in human acute myelogenous leukemia cells we found that fruit or flower extracts alone generally had low cytotoxicity $(IC_{50}>200\;{\mu}g/ml)$. In studies examining the effect of extracts on 120 ng/ml VCR cytotoxicity in drug-resistant AML-2/D100 cells, we found that immature fruit extracts had greater chemosensitizing activity than either extracts from mature fruit or flower. Of the 14 species examined, the immature fruit extract from Inchangkyool (Citrus ichangiensis) showed the hishest chemosensitizing index(CI) valus. Immature fruit extracts of Hongkyool(C. tachibana), Byungkyool(C. platymamma), Cheongkyool(C. nippokoreana) and Jinkyool (C. sunki) also strongly potentiated VCR cytotoxicity in AML-2/D100 cells. The chemosensitizing effect of peel extracts was 2-10-fold that of whole fruit extracts from Hongkyool (C. tachibana), Byungkyool (C. platymamma) and Inchangkyool (C. inchangiensis). The CI values for flower extracts were higher than those for mature fruit extracts, but lower than those for immature fruit extracts. These results indicate that immature citrus fruits contain compounds that do not exert their activity solely through cytotoxicity. In particular, Incahngkyool (C. inchangiensis), Byungkyool(C.platymamma), Cheongkyool(C. nippokoreana) and Hongkyool (C. tahibana) may be useful sources of chemosensitizing compounds.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2011

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with cutaneous hyper-reactivity to environmental triggers. In order to develop effective therapeutic herbal extracts for atopic dermatitis, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities were investigated for various herbal extracts. Among candidate extracts, we selected Aloe vera L. (AV), Viola mandshurica W. Becker (VM), Punica granatum L. (PG), Dendrobium nobile L. (DN) and mixture of the above extracts (MX) for further investigations. All of them did not show cytotoxic activities to macrophage RAW264.7 cells below the concentration of 100 ppm. All showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, although to various extents. In antioxidant effects, AV showed the highest effect, followed by PG and VM, while DN did the lowest. In evaluation for anti-inflammatory activities in macrophage RAW264.7 cells, AV and DN inhibited almost completely the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, while AV, DN and VM showed strong inhibitory activities on the LPS-induced production of TNF-${\alpha}$. In anti-allergy effect in mast cell HMC-1, DN showed the highest effect, followed by AV and PG, while VM did the lowest. In the topical allergy reaction induced by compound 48/80 in Sprague-Dawley rat, DN exhibited significant anti-allergic effect, while PG, VM and AV did slight effect. These results suggest that AV, VM, PG and DN have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities, and thus have the potential to reduce and alleviate the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.764-767
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• 2002

To evaluate the osteotoxic effect of methylmercuric chloride(MMC) on cultured mouse osteoblasts, cytotoxic effect was measured by MTT assay after cultured mouse osteoblasts were incubated with various concentrations of MMC for 20 hours. The protective effect of Flos Carthami(FC) against MMC-induced osteotoxicity was also examined in these cultures. MMC decreased cell viability of cultured mouse osteoblasts remarkably in a dose- and time-dependent manners. In protective effect of FC was remarkably effective in blocking the osteotoxicity induced by MMC. From aboved the results, it is suggested that MMC induce osteotoxicity, and the selective herba extract such as FC is very effective in blocking MMC-mediated neurotoxicity on cultured mouse osteoblasts.