• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2012

To examine genetic divergences of two endemic Sorex caecutiens subspecies from Korea (S. c. hallamontanus in Korean Jeju Island and S. c. annexus in the mainland Korean Peninsula), we obtained partial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences (429 bp) and complete cytochrome b sequences (1,140 bp) from the two Korean subspecies, and we compared these sequences to the corresponding sequences of S. caecutiens, obtained from GenBank. We found that Jeju S. c. hallamontanus is one of three clades within S. caecutiens, with an average Jukes-Cantor distance of 1.57% in the COI sequences and the distance of 2.07% and 11 fixed site differences in the cytochrome b sequences, indicating that Jeju S. c. hallamontanus is one endemic subspecies with concordant genetic distinctness, although further analyses with nuclear DNA sequences are necessary to confirm these findings. However, S. c. annexus from the mainland Korean Peninsula was not divergent from S. c. macropygmaeus from northeastern China and adjacent Russia, indicating that S. c. annexus from the mainland Korean Peninsula is another endemic subspecies with only morphological differences, although it is necessary to reexamine the subspecies status of S. c. annexus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.406-413
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• 2016

Abalones are gastropod mollusks belonging to the genus Haliotis. Pacific abalones are regarded as a very important marine gastropod mollusk in Korea, Japan, China, and also in food industries around the world. In Korea, 6 species of abalone have been reported to occur along the coasts: Haliotis discus hannai, Haliotis discus discus, Haliotis madaka, Haliotis gigantea, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, and Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor. This study was performed to discriminate the genetic variances by the partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis against four species of Pacific abalone (H. discus hannai, H. discus, H. madaka, H. gigantea). COI gene is reasonably well conserved and has been sequenced in various invertebrate taxa. The RAPD analysis technique is a relatively simple and low cost method that allows differentiation of taxa without the need to know their genomes. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships within each species. The COI and RAPD analysis were able to distinguish between H. gigantea and the other three species. However, these analysis methods were inadequate to distinguish between H. discus and H. madaka. These results are believed to be able to provide a basis data for future hybrid breeding research by defining the genetically closely related four species of abalone, which is to develop new hybrid abalone for export using hybrid breeding.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2020

Silver croaker (Pennahia argentata) is a turbulent species that is widely distributed worldwide and is mainly found in the bottom of the ocean. In the study, we characterized the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) on P. argentata inhabiting Gwangyang Bay and analyzed the phylogenetic location of marine fish species. As a result of multiple arrangement of 605 bp COI sequences, high homology of mtDNA nucleotide sequences was confirmed in the silver croakers from Gwangyang Bay (98~100%). However, the nucleotide variation was different according to the catching points of the inland and the open seas of Gwangyang Bay. The nucleotide sequence variation in COI was high in P. argentata from the open seas of Gwangyang Bay (43.2~70.3%). Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis of 13 fish showed that P. argentata from Gwangyang Bay were grouped into one clade with P. argentata reported in Taiwan, and the evolutionary distance was 0.036. In addition, it was identified that the evolutionary distance was close to that of fish belonging to the Mi-iuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) and the Big-head pennah croaker (Pennahia Macrocephalus) (0.041~0.048). The result of these studies will be used as the key genetic information for fisheries resources monitoring and species diversity management according to the coastal environment.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.453-460
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• 2009

Morphological and molecular classifications were attempted in an effort to establish species-specific classifications of three species of the genus Pholis in Korea; these species were subjected to morphological and molecular methodologies using body measurements, RFLP, RAPD, and phylogenetic trees using the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial 16S and 12S ribosomal DNAs, cytochrome c oxidase I, and cytochrome b. The data demonstrated that the three species of genus Pholis are distinct from each other, both morphologically and genetically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.901-907
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin o n free radical generation system and peroxidative damage in the liver of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Spragu-Dawley male rats weighing 150$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups; diabetic groups were classified to catechin free diet(DM-oC group), 0.5% catechin diet(DM-0.5C group) and 1% catechin diet(DM-1C group) according to the levels of dietary catechin supplementation. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of 55mg/kg of body wt of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after feeding of three experimental diet for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic states. Activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GPT) in DM-oC groups were higher than those of the normal group, and those in catechin supplementation group were similar to those of the normal group. Liver lipid peroxide values increased by 153%, 49%, and 27% in Dm-oC, DM-0.5C and DM-0C and Dm-1C but was not significantly different in catechin supplementation groups compared with the normal group, and liver cytochrome $P_{450}$ contents was similar to result of XOD activity. In electron microscopic examination of liver, lysosome was relatively scattered in Dm-oC and Dm-0.5C group and preserved normal shapes in DM-1C group. The present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats are more sensitive to oxidative stress, leading to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation process, but this was reduced by anti-oxidative effect of high level of dietary catechin. It is concluded that dietary catechin serves as powerful antioxidant against lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2001

The present study was to elucidate the cytochemical study on the cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity and myocardial adaptation to treadmill exercise in rat. The three month Sprague-Dowley male $(150{\pm}10g)$ were used in experimental animal. The experimental groups were divided into 2 groups: the normal sedentary group and the treadmill exercise group. On each 1st and 3rd day, 1st, 4th, 8th, and 12th experimental week four rats of each group were sacrificed for tests. The morphometrical measurements were used to evalute the change of heart weight, rate of myocardial fibers to capillaries, and cytochemical study of CO activities, using light and electron microscopy. The results were as follows: The heart weights were more increased in the treadmill exercise group than those of their sedentary group. The rate of myocardial fibers to capillaries were not changed in sedentary group, but those were significantly from 4th weeks in the treadmill exercise group. The CO activity was not changed in sedentary group, but increased in treadmill exercise group after 1 st week. I and III types of CO activity were increased In sedentary group, in contast to II and III types in treadmill exercise group on electron micrographic study. These results suggest that, the treadmill exercise-induced changes in CO activity and rate of myocardial fibers to capillaries appear to be related to exercise, and the adaptive response seems to occurs from 4th week of treadmill exercise.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 1996

An extremely cadmium tolerant yeast, Hansenula anomala B-7 used to determine the modification of the intracellular enzyme activities by cadmium ion. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and cytidine deaminase were decreased up to 90%, 40%, and 86% compa- red with the control by 1 mM cadmium nitrate respectively, but the activities of malate dehydrogenase, 6- phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, and alkaline phosphatase were increased up to 440%, 136%, 260% and 155% compared with the control by 1 mM cadmium nitrate respectively. These results show that the activities of the enzymes participating in Embden-Mayerhof pathway (e.g. anaerobic metabolism) were reduced by cadmium, but those involved in hexose monophosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle (e.g. aerobic metabolism) were stimulated in contrast. It has been suggested that the diminished activity of cytidine deaminase in pyrimidine nucleotide dissimilation occured due to the inhibited nucleotide dissimilation by cadmium ion; the enhanced activity of cytochrome c oxidase was specifically required in order to oxidize a raised amount of NADH and NADPH due to the increased aerobic metabolism.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2004

To determine the molecular phylogenie location of Plagiorchis muris, 28S D1 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) were sequenced and compared with other trematodes in the family Plagiorchiidae. The 28S D1 tree of P. muris was found to be closely related to those of P. elegans and other Plagiorchis species. And, the mtCOI tree also showed that P. muris is in a separate clade with genus Glypthelmins. These results support a phylogenie relationship between members of the Plagiorchiidae, as suggested by morphologic features.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.467-472
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• 2020

The crinoid specimens of the genus Anneissia were collected from Nokdong, Korea Strait, and Moseulpo, Jeju Island. The specimens were identified as Anneissia pinguis (A.H. Clark, 1909), which belongs to the family Comatulidae of the order Comatulida. Anneissia pinguis was first described by A.H. Clark in 1909 around southern Japan. This species can be distinguished from other Anneissia species by a longish and stout cirrus, much fewer arms, and short distal cirrus segments. The morphological features of Korean specimens are as follows: large disk (20-35 mm), 28-36 segments and 32-43 mm length cirrus, division series in all 4 (3+4), very stout and strong distal pinnule with 18-19 comb and 40 arms. In Korea fauna, only three species of genus Anneissia were recorded: A. intermedia, A. japonica, and A. solaster. In this study, we provide the morphological description and phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.136-139
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• 2019

The pulmonate gastropod Ellobium chinense (Pfeiffer, 1864) is an endangered marine species along the South Korean coasts due to habitat destruction and population declines. We sequenced the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) of 25 E. chinense specimens collected from five coastal sites in South Korea, and identified 16 unique haplotypes. The maximum intraspecific variation among individuals was 1.6%, while interspecific differences from another ellobiid species, Auriculastra duplicata (Pfeiffer, 1854), ranged from 21.9 to 23.0%. Our barcoding data will be useful to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among pulmonate gastropods and infer the population genetic structure of E. chinense.