• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권7호
• /
• pp.1210-1220
• /
• 2021

Objective: Unlike mammals, goose fatty liver shows a strong tolerance to fatty acids without obvious injury. Stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) serves crucial role in desaturation of saturated fatty acids (SAFs), but its role in the SAFs tolerance of goose hepatocytes has not been reported. This study was conducted to explore the role of SCD1 in regulating palmitic acid (PA) tolerance of goose primary hepatocytes. Methods: 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was examined to reflect the effect of PA on hepatocytes viability, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA levels of several genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and the role of SCD1 in PA tolerance of goose hepatocytes was explored using RNA interfere. Results: Our results indicated that goose hepatocytes exhibited a higher tolerant capacity to PA than human hepatic cell line (LO2 cells). In goose primary hepatocytes, the mRNA levels of fatty acid desaturation-related genes (SCD1 and fatty acid desaturase 2) and fatty acid elongate enzyme-related gene (elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6) were significantly upregulated with 0.6 mM PA treatment. However, in LO2 cells, expression of ER stress-related genes (x box-binding protein, binding immunoglobulin protein, and activating transcription factor 6), inflammatory response-related genes (interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and interferon-γ) and apoptosis-related genes (bcl-2-associated X protein, b-cell lymphoma 2, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9) was significantly enhanced with 0.6 mM PA treatment. Additionally, small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated downregulation of SCD1 significantly reduced the PA tolerance of goose primary hepatocytes under the treatment of 0.6 mM PA; meanwhile, the mRNA levels of inflammatory-related genes (IL-6 and IL-1β) and several key genes involved in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), mammalian target of rapamycin and AMPK pathways (AKT1, AKT2, FoxO1, and sirtuin 1), as well as the protein expression of cytochrome C and the apoptosis rate were upregulated. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data suggested that SCD1 was involved in enhancing the PA tolerance of goose primary hepatocytes by regulating inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes expression.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권8호
• /
• pp.1290-1302
• /
• 2021

Objective: Follicle selection is an important process in chicken egg laying. Among several small yellow (SY) follicles, the one exhibiting the highest expression of follicle stimulation hormone receptor (FSHR) will be selected to become a hierarchal follicle. The role of lncRNA, miRNA and other non-coding RNA in chicken follicle selection is unclear. Methods: In this study, the whole transcriptome sequencing of SY follicles with different expression levels of FSHR in Jining Bairi hens was performed, and the expression of 30 randomly selected mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Preliminary studies and bioinformatics analysis were performed on the selected mRNA, lncRNA, miRNA and their target genes. The effect of identified gene was examined in the granulosa cells of chicken follicles. Results: Integrated transcriptomic analysis on chicken SY follicles differing in FSHR expression revealed 467 differentially expressed mRNA genes, 134 differentially expressed lncRNA genes and 34 differentially expressed miRNA genes, and sosondowah ankyrin repeat domain family member A (SOWAHA) was the common target gene of three miRNAs and one lncRNA. SOWAHA was mainly expressed in small white (SW) and SY follicles and was affected by follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) treatment in the granulosa cells. Knockdown of SOWAHA inhibited the expression of Wnt family member 4 (Wnt4) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the granulosa cells of prehierarchal follicles, while stimulated Wnt4 in hierarchal follicles. Overexpression of SOWAHA increased the expression of Wnt4 in the granulosa cells of prehierarchal follicles, decreased that of StAR and cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 in the granulosa cells of hierarchal follicles and inhibited the proliferation of granulosa cells. Conclusion: Integrated analysis of chicken SY follicle transcriptomes identified SOWAHA as a network gene that is affected by FSH in granulosa cells of ovarian follicles. SOWAHA affected the expression of genes involved in chicken follicle selection and inhibited the proliferation of granulosa cells, suggesting an inhibitory role in chicken follicle selection.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.354-362
• /
• 2020

A common snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina inhabiting North America is internationally protected as an endangered species. It is known that the individuals of common snapping turtles were imported to South Korea as pets, and after being abandoned, some inhabit the natural ecosystem of South Korea like wild animals. No genetic survey has yet been performed for the common snapping turtles imported to South Korea. Hereby, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) information, which is 594 bp long, was determined for a total of 16 C. serpentina individuals, of which one was found in nature, twelve legally imported and their descendants, and the other three were provided from the Kansas Herpetological Society, USA. The obtained data were combined with thirteen COI sequences of C. serpentina retrieved from NCBI GenBank for the subsequent population genetic analyses. The results showed that there exist five haplotypes with high sequence similarity (only three parsimoniously informative sites). In the TCS and phylogenetic analyses, all the examined C. serpentina samples coincidently formed a strong monoclade with those collected mostly from Kansas State, USA, indicating that the imported ones to South Korea are from the central North America. In addition, there found the amino acid changes and the high degree of nucleotide sequence differences between C. serpentina and C. rossignoni with some important morphological characters. It is expected that the present results could provide an important framework for systematic management and control of exotic snapping turtles imported and released to nature of South Korea.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.678-687
• /
• 2021

스티렌은 플라스틱과 같은 생활용품에 광범위하게 사용되며, 건강에 위해를 야기시킬 수 있다. 스티렌이 간 조직 중 항산화계 효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg 및 400 mg/kg 용량을 4일 동안 1일 2회 복강 투여하였다. 혈청 ALT 및 AST 활성 변동은 대조군에 비해 400 mg/kg 투여군에서 각각 약 1.2배 (p<0.05) 및 약 43.3% (p<0.05) 유의하게 증가하였다. 이는 투여용량이 증가할수록 간손상이 심화되었다는 것을 의미한다. MDA 함량 변동은 대조군에 비해 400 mg/kg 투여군에서 약 37.1% (p<0.05) 증가하였고, XO 활성도는 200 mg/kg 투여군에 비해 400 mg/kg 투여군에서 약 15.2% 증가하였고, CYPdAH 활성도는 약 40.4% (p<0.05) 유의하게 증가하였다. 생성된 과잉의 활성산소종을 제거하기 위한 항산화계 효소인 GPx, CAT, SOD 및 GST 활성도는 대조군에 비해 400 mg/kg 투여군에서 각각 약 33.0% (p<0.05), 약 41.2% (p<0.05), 약 47.2% (p<0.05) 및 약 27.6% (p<0.05) 유의하게 감소하였다. GSH 함량은 200 mg/kg 투여군에 비해 400 mg/kg 투여군에서 34.5% (p<0.05) 유의하게 감소하였고, 소모된 GSH 함량은 스티렌과 스티렌 중간대사산물에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과로 보아 스티렌의 대사과정에서 생성된 과잉의 활성산소종과 독성 중간대사산물에 의해 간 손상이 유발되었고, 이는 해독에 관여하는 항산화 효소계와 불균형과 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2019

Objectives : To ensure the safety, quality and pharmacological efficacy of Batryticatus Bombyx, it is important to discriminate with adulterants. In Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeias (KHP), the authentic species of Batryticatus Bombyx is defined only Bombyx mori. Therefore, the aim of this study is establishment of PCR assay method using the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker based on COI DNA barcode for discriminating six species related to Batryticatus Bombyx. Methods : Seventeen samples of six species (Bombyx mori, Bombyx mandarina, Rhodinia fugax, Oberthueria caeca, Actias artemis, and Caligula japponica) were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI) barcode regions were analyzed by Sanger sequencing methods. To develop SCAR-based PCR assay method, we designed species-specific primers based on COI sequence variabilities and verified those specificities using 17 samples of six species as well as commercial herbal medicines. Results : In comparative multiple analysis of COI sequences, six species were distinguished by species-specific nucleotides at the species level. To develop rapid and reliable PCR assay method for genetic authentication of Batryticatus Bombyx, therefore, we designed species-specific SCAR primers based on these nucleotide sequences and confirmed those specificities. Using these SCAR primers, We also established simple conventional PCR assay method using these SCAR primers at the species level. Conclusions : The comparative analysis of COI sequences and SCAR-based PCR assay methods represented equal results for distinguishing authentic Batryticatus Bombyx and adulterations at the species level. Therefore, our results are expected protecting adulteration of herbal medicine Batryticatus Bombyx.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제55권4호
• /
• pp.352-359
• /
• 2022

국내 서식하는 수서 생물(식물플랑크톤, 동물플랑크톤, 저서대형무척추동물, 어류)에 대한 eDNA 연구에 주요 이용되는 유전자인 12S rRNA와 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, COI, CYTB를 대상으로 속(Genus) 수준의 등록 현황을 조사하였다. 그 결과 식물플랑크톤과 동물플랑크톤은 18S rRNA에서 가장 높은 등록 속 비율을 보였으며, 저서무척추동물은 COI에서 가장 높은 등록 속 비율을 확인하였다. 어류에서는 18S rRNA를 제외한 모든 유전자에서 90%에 가까운 높은 비율을 보였다. 분류군에 따른 우점 생물의 상위 20속에 대한 유전자 등록 현황은 식물플랑크톤은 18S rRNA에서 19속이, 저서무척추동물은 COI에서 18개 속이 등록되어 있었다. 어류에서는 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, CYTB에서 상위 20의 모든 유전자 염기서열이 존재함을 확인하였다. 본 자료 분석을 통하여 각 분류군별 eDNA 연구에 적합한 유전자 데이터베이스의 양적인 정보를 파악하였다.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.212-220
• /
• 2022

재첩은 하구생태계에 서식하는 종으로, 우리나라에는 섬진강 하구에서 가장 많이 분포하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 섬진강 하구에 서식하는 재첩은 담수와 해수생태계의 변화를 잘 반영하는 종이다. 재첩은 외부형태만으로는 종 동정이 어려운 분류군에 속한다. 본 연구에서는 섬진강 서식 재첩의 종 동정을 위해 형태적 관찰뿐만 아니라 미토콘드리아 DNA의 COI 유전자 기반 DNA 바코딩을 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과 재첩 간 다른 두 종을 확인하였으며, COI 염기서열의 다중배열 분석결과 약 98%의 높은 상동성을 보였다. 재첩과 내 다양한 종들과 계통수 분석으로 계통유 전학적 위치를 확인한 결과, 본 연구에서 사용한 재첩은 C. japonica, C. fluminea와 하나의 계통군으로 묶여졌고 진화적 거리는 0.003 이하로 나타났다. 또한 재첩속인 C. leana와 0.089, C. fluminalis와 0.096으로, 재첩과 내 3종과는 약 0.2로 C. japonica에 비해 상대적으로 진화적 거리가 먼 것으로 나타났다. 계통유전학적 분석을 통해 본 연구에서 사용한 재첩은 C. japonica이고, 그중 한 개체가 C. fluminea인 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 DNA 바코딩을 이용한 섬진강 하류 지역에 서식하는 재첩의 COI 시컨스를 통해 계통유전학적 정보를 제공하여 형태학적 분석에 어려움이 있는 종에 대한 중요한 자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 2016

톱상어과는 톱상어목에 속하며 지금까지 2속 8종이 보고되었다. 우리나라에 서식하는 톱상어과 어류는 톱상어 1종으로 알려져 있다. 톱상어과는 주둥이 양쪽에 작고 큰 이빨이 나있으며 납작하고 긴 것이 특징이다. 톱상어의 집단구조를 알기 위해서 4개의 지역(한국, 개체수=6; 미야기현, 개체수=1; 고치현, 개체수=1; 오키나와, 개체수=8)에서 채집된 16개체를 대상으로 형태와 분자분석을 실시하였다. 형태분석결과 3가지의 유형으로 구분되었으며, 그 중 톱상어 A 유형은 한국과 일본에 서식하며 짧은 주둥이(전장의 26.8%), 폭넓은 주둥이(주둥이 길이는 주둥이 폭의 4.5배)를 가지며, 톱상어 모식표본과 유사한 점에서 톱상어(Pristiophorus japonicus)로 추정된다. 톱상어 B 유형은 오키나와에 서식하며 긴 주둥이(전장의 31.7%), 폭넓은 주둥이(5.2배)를 가져 Pristiophorus sp.1로 제안한다. 톱상어 C 유형은 오키나와에 서식하며 긴 주둥이(전장의 31.7%), 폭좁은 주둥이(6.3배)를 가져 Pristiophorus sp. 2로 제안한다. 나아가 톱상어 A 유형과 C 유형의 mtDNA cytb 영역을 비교한 결과 2.1~2.7% 차이를 보여 형태결과를 지지해 주었다. 향후 Pristiophorus sp. 1 및 Pristiophorus sp. 2의 분류학적 위치를 구명하기 위한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.280-288
• /
• 2022

Objectives: One of the most widely used pesticides today is chlorpyrifos (CPF). Cytochrome P450 (CYP)2B6, the most prominent catalyst in CPF bioactivation, is highly polymorphic. The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of CYP2B6^*6, which contains both 516G>T and 785A>G polymorphisms, in CPF toxicity, as represented by the concentration of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), among vegetable farmers in Central Java, Indonesia, where CPF has been commonly used. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 vegetable farmers. Individual socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, as determinants of TCPy levels, were obtained using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and subsequently used to estimate the cumulative exposure level (CEL). TCPy levels were detected with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using a TaqMan^® SNP Genotyping Assay and Sanger sequencing. Linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between TCPy, as a biomarker of CPF exposure, and its determinants. Results: The prevalence of CYP2B6^*6 polymorphisms was 31% for ^*1/^*1, 51% for ^*1/^*6, and 18% for ^*6/^*6. TCPy concentrations were higher among participants with CYP2B6^*1/^*1 than among those with ^*1/^*6 or ^*6/^*6 genotypes. CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms, smoking, CEL, body mass index, and spraying time were retained in the final linear regression model as determinants of TCPy. Conclusions: The results suggest that CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms may play an important role in influencing susceptibility to CPF exposure. CYP2B6^*6 gene polymorphisms together with CEL, smoking habits, body mass index, and spraying time were the determinants of urinary TCPy concentrations, as a biomarker of CPF toxicity.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.227-243
• /
• 2023

The Asiatic pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest that attacks rice stems. In this study, we estimated the annual generation of insect in several regions of the Republic of Korea. Adult trapping using a sex pheromone trap detected the occurrence of S. inferens adults in the three northernmost areas around 38° latitude and showed that the insect inhabits all of Korea. In most areas investigated, the seasons of the adult generations estimated using the single-sine degree-day model did not deviate from the corresponding observed seasons of adult occurrence. We estimated that the overwintering larvae hypothetically-estimated using the model could be originated from the last generation of adults. When larvae collected in paddy fields during the autumn season in a few middle and southern areas were reared at 25℃, ca. 70% of pupae did not show additional larval molting before their pupation. All larvae collected in early March in a southern area (Goseong, Gyeongsangnam-do) pupated without additional larval molting when reared at 25℃. Based on these results, we presumed that S. inferens could overwinter as mainly the last instar larval stage in the area. Taken together, we conclude that S. inferens primarily has two generations per year in areas around 38° latitude, and three generations in the areas between 35.3° and 37.3° latitude. In addition, approximately 35% of insects captured by the sex pheromone trap were species other than S. inferens, as determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. These species were not morphologically misidentified as S. inferens.