• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2012

In the present study, an Element-Based Lagrangian Formulation for the nonlinear analysis of shell structures is presented. The strains, stresses and constitutive equations based on the natural co-ordinate have been used throughout the Element-Based Lagrangian Formulation of the present shell element which offers an advantage of easy implementation compared with the traditional Lagrangian Formulation. The Element-Based Lagrangian Formulation of a 9-node resultant-stress shell element is presented for the anisotropic composite material. The element is free of both membrane and shear locking behavior by using the assumed natural strain method such that the element performs very well in thin shell problems. The arc-length control method is used to trace complex equilibrium paths in thin shell applications. Numerical examples for laminated composite curved shells presented herein clearly show the validity of the present approach and the accuracy of the developed shell element.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2004

A new three-node triangular shell element based on higher order zig-zag theory is developed for laminated composite shells with multiple delaminations. The present higher order zig-zag shell theory is described in a general curvilinear coordinate system and in general tensor notation. All the complicated curvatures of surface including twisting curvatures can be described in an exact manner in the present shell element because this element is based on geometrically exact surface representation. The displacement field of the proposed finite element includes slope of deflection. which requires continuity between element interfaces. Thus the nonconforming shape function of Specht's three-node triangular plate bending element is employed to interpolate out-of-plane displacement. The present element passes the bending and twisting patch tests in flat surface configurations. The developed element is evaluated through the buckling problems of composite cylindrical shells with multiple delaminations. Through the numerical examples it is demonstrated that the proposed shell element is efficient because it has minimal degrees of freedom per node. The accuracy of the present element is demonstrated in the prediction of buckling loads and buckling modes of shells with multiple delaminations. The present shell element should serve as a powerful tool in the prediction of buckling loads and modes of multi-layered thick laminated shell structures with arbitrary-shaped multiple delaminations.

• 전산구조공학
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 1995

자유 모양을 한 적층판 형태의 복합 회전체 쉘 구조물은 원추형 쉘 요소의 조합으로 나타낼 수 있다. 이에 이 논문에서는 원추형 쉘 요소에 대한 유한요소해석 모델을 개발하고자 한다. 또한 이 모델의 타당성을 입증하기 위해 기존의 원통형 쉘으 고유진동 이론해와 비교한다. 여러 형태의 복합 원통형 쉘에 대해 여러 가지 인자변환 실험을 행한다. 실험을 통하여서 이 논문에서 제시한 모델을 이용한 고유진동 주파수 결과와 이론해에서 구한 결과가 매우 흡사하다는 것을 알았으며 그로 말미암아 이 모델의 적합성을 확인하였다. 이 원추형 쉘 요소의 개발로 말미암아 어떠한 형태의 적층 이방성 복합 회전체 쉘에 대해서도 해석이 용이하다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.101-115
• /
• 2013

This paper examines the application of structural reliability analysis to submarine pressure hulls to clarify the merits of probabilistic approach in respect thereof. Ultimate strength prediction methods which take the inelastic behavior of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells and hemi-spherical shells into account are reviewed. The modeling uncertainties in terms of bias and coefficient of variation for failure prediction methods in current design guidelines are defined by evaluating the compiled experimental data. A simple ultimate strength formulation for ring-stiffened cylinders taking into account the interaction between local and global failure modes and an ultimate strength formula for hemispherical shells which have better accuracy and reliability than current design codes are taken as basis for reliability analysis. The effects of randomness of geometrical and material properties on failure are assessed by a prelimnary study on reference models. By evaluation of sensitivity factors important variables are determined and comparesons are made with conclusions of previous reliability studies.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.321-336
• /
• 2005

The structural feasibility of a variety of non-conventional sludge digesters, in the form of thin shells of revolution constructed in concrete, has formed the subject of investigation of a recent programme of research at the University of Cape Town. Such forms are usually known in the literature as "egg-shaped", and the advantages of these over conventional digesters of the wide-cylindrical type are now well-recognised: superior mixing efficiency, less accumulation of deposits at the bottom, easier removal of bottom deposits and surface crust, reduced heat losses, and so forth. With the aim of exploring the structural feasibility of various non-conventional forms for concrete sludge digesters, and making available usable analytical data and practical guidelines for the design of such thin shell structures, a number of theoretical studies have recently been undertaken, and these have covered conical assemblies, spherical assemblies and parabolic ogival configurations. The purpose of the present paper is to bring together the different analytical approaches employed in each of these studies, summarise the main findings in each case, draw comparisons among the various studied configurations with regard to structural efficiency and functional suitability, and make appropriate conclusions and recommendations.

• 전산구조공학
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 1991

선형탄성파괴역학에서 특히 균열 쉘의 응력집중계수 산정을 위해 p-version 유한요소법에 기초한 선진유한요소기법이 제안되었다. 세가지 균열된 쉘 예제를 통해 응력집중계수 산정은 종래의 h-version 유한요소모델에 비하여 p-version 유한요소 모델이 수렴성과 정확도 면에서 훨씬 더 적합함을 보여주고 있다. 이 기법의 주요 이점은 근사해의 정확도가 요소분할이나 균열선단요소 또는 혼합형 변분원리등의 특별고려가 없이 확보될 수 있다는데 있다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국복합재료학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.69-73
• /
• 2001

Damage induced by low-velocity impact on the curved composite laminates was experimentally evaluated for CFRP cylindrical shells with the radius of curvatures of 50, 150, 300, and 500 mm. The result was then compared with that of flat laminates. The radius of curvatures and the effective shell stiffness appeared to considerably affect the dynamic impact response of curved shells. Under the same impact energy level, the maximum contact force increased with the decreasing radius of curvatures, with reaching 1.5 times that for plates at the radius of curvature of 50 mm. Since the maximum contact force is directly related to the impact damage, curved laminates can be more susceptible to delamination and less resistant to the low-velocity impact damage. The distribution of delamination along the thickness direction of curved laminates are also different from that of flat plates. Delamination was distributed rather even]y at each interface along the thickness direction of curved laminates. This implies that the effect of curvatures has to be considered for the design of a curved composite laminate.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제6권8호
• /
• pp.883-899
• /
• 1998

The strength, deformation and buckling of a large engineering structure consisting of four ellipsoidal shells, two cylindrical shells with stiffening ribs and large holes, one conical shell and three pairs of large flanges under external pressure, self weight and heat sinks have been analysed by using two kinds of five different finite elements - four assumed displacement finite elements (shell element with curved surfaces, axisymmetric conical shell element with variable thickness, three dimensional eccentric beam element, axisymmetric solid revolutionary element) and an assumed stress hybrid element (a 3-dimensional special element developed by authors). The compatibility between different elements is enforced. The strength analyses of the top cover and the main vessel are described in the paper.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.139-143
• /
• 2001

Ring-stiffened cylinders are widely used as the pressure hull of submarines and underwater vehicles. For large ring-stiffened cylinders cylindrical shells are fbricated by cold rolling of flat plates and then welding of curved shells. After forming cylinders ring-stiffeners are welded on th the cylinders. Due to these cold roiling and welding initial shape imperfections and residual stresses exists in fabricated ring-stiffened cylinders. It is well known that the initial shape and material imperfections affect the ultimate strength of ring-stiffened cylinders significantly. In this paper previous researches on the effects of initial shape imperfections and residual stresses are briefly reviewed Recently a numerical analysis computer program was developed to predict the ultimate strength of ring-stiffened cylinders subjected to hydrostatic pressure, which is based on the Dynamic Relaxation technique. This program was employed to numerically investigate those effects. The numerical predictions were substantiated with relevant experimental results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제83권5호
• /
• pp.681-692
• /
• 2022

The vibrational response of the two bones in a Volleyball player's arm under ball impact is conducted. The two bones in hand, Ulna and Radius, are modeled as two cylindrical shells. The formulations associated with the shells' vibration are obtained using the energy method. Then, the results are extracted with the aid of the two-dimensional form of DQM in conjunction with Runge-Kutta. The results are validated by means of a published paper. Lastly, the role of parameters in determining vibrational frequency as well as deflection is explored through parametric studies. It was shown that the impactor speed and the time of the impact could be essential factors in determining the vibration behavior of the bones. This work can be used in the further investigation of the behavior of bones and physiological structures.