• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.221-233
• /
• 2017

The array equations are commonly used for analysis and conceptual design of active sonar projector arrays. Calculation of the radiation impedance matrix poses a major computational bottleneck for the solution of the array equations, which leads to a dramatic increase in computational load as the number of constituent transducers increases. Here, we propose an iteration-based solution method that does not require the calculation of the radiation impedance matrix, as a computationally efficient alternative to the status quo. The validity of the iteration-based analysis is judged against the full finite-element analysis that includes the entire array as well as the medium. The array equations for the 1/3-sector of a cylindrical array comprised of 48 Tonpilz transducers are augmented by the lumped element models, and are solved iteratively for the acoustic and electro-mechanical characteristics. The iteration-based analysis exhibits rapid convergence and accuracy comparable with the FE analysis. Simulations also reveal that the acoustic coupling between transducers has more pronounced effects on the electro-mechanical characteristics of individual transducers than the acoustic performance of the array.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• 제28권2E호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2009

Mutual radiation impedance becomes more important in the design and analysis of acoustic transducers for higher power, better beam pattern, and wider bandwidth at low frequency sonar systems. This review paper focused on literature survey about the researches of mutual radiation impedance in the acoustic transducer arrays over 60 years. The papers of mutual radiation impedance were summarized in terms of transducer array structures on various baffle geometries such as planar, cylindrical, spherical, conformal, spheroidal, and elliptic cylindrical arrays. Then the computation schemes of solving conventional quadruple integral in the definition of mutual radiation impedance were surveyed including spatial convolution method, which reduces the quadruple integral to a double integral for efficient computation.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.449-457
• /
• 2016

Cylindrical array sensor of a surface ship to detect an enemy is normally installed in the sonar dome. Reflected signals by some structures inside the sonar dome make unwanted signals. To minimize unwanted signals, acoustic baffles are used. Acoustic baffles are hard to install and replace, so the durability of acoustic baffles is an important design parameter. To verify the durability of acoustic baffle, accelerated aging tests according to temperature and pressure were performed. Acoustic baffle specimens were made and they are tested the visual and the performance (echo reduction and transmission loss) inspection before and after aging. After the inspection, the effect of accelerated aging of the acoustic baffles were discussed.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.280-287
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 능동 소나 송신기의 효율적인 회전 송신빔 구동을 위하여 부하인 원통형 배열센서의 회전 방위별 동적 임피던스 특성을 실험적으로 분석하고 최대 전력이 부하에 효과적으로 전송되도록 송신기의 출력을 실시간으로 제어하는 기법에 관한 연구이다. 회전 송신빔 구동시, 전기적, 음향적 경계조건에 의해 발생하는 과부하 조건에서 배열센서의 실시간 임피던스 변화와 송신기의 출력 거동 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과로부터 과도 특성에서도 송신 중단 없이, 송신기와 부하를 보호하면서 송출되는 전력량을 최대화할 수 있는 새로운 송신 출력 제어 기법을 제안하고 실험을 통하여 제안된 기법을 검증하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.39-52
• /
• 2011

We are developing a biomimetic robot based on the Sea Lamprey. The robot consists of a cylindrical electronics bay propelled by an undulatory body axis. Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators generate propagating flexion waves in five undulatory segments of a polyurethane strip. The behavior of the robot is controlled by an electronic nervous system (ENS) composed of networks of discrete-time map-based neurons and synapses that execute on a digital signal processing chip. Motor neuron action potentials gate power transistors that apply current to the SMA actuators. The ENS consists of a set of segmental central pattern generators (CPGs), modulated by layered command and coordinating neuron networks, that integrate input from exteroceptive sensors including a compass, accelerometers, inclinometers and a short baseline sonar array (SBA). The CPGs instantiate the 3-element hemi-segmental network model established from physiological studies. Anterior and posterior propagating pathways between CPGs mediate intersegmental coordination to generate flexion waves for forward and backward swimming. The command network mediates layered exteroceptive reflexes for homing, primary orientation, and impediment compensation. The SBA allows homing on a sonar beacon by indicating deviations in azimuth and inclination. Inclinometers actuate a bending segment between the hull and undulator to allow climb and dive. Accelerometers can distinguish collisions from impediment to allow compensatory reflexes. Modulatory commands mediate speed control and turning. A SBA communications interface is being developed to allow supervised reactive autonomy.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.190-198
• /
• 2013

In order to predict acoustic pressure distributions by exterior incident wave at Cylindrical Hydrophone Array (CHA) sensor's positions, acoustic pressure analysis is performed by using beam tracing method. Beam tracing method is well-known of reliable pressure analysis methods at high-frequency range. When an acoustic noise source is located at the center of rectangular room, acoustic pressure analysis is performed by using both beam tracing method and Power Flow Boundary Element Method (PFBEM). By comparing with results of beam tracing method and those of PFBEM, the accuracy of beam tracing method is verified. We develop the CHA pressure analysis program by verified beam tracing method. The developed software is composed of model input, sensor array creator, analysis option, solver and post-processor. We can choose a model option of 2D or 3D. The sensor array generator is connected to a sonar which is composed of center position, bottom, top and angle between sensors. We also can choose an analysis option such as analysis frequency, beam number, reflect number, etc. The solver module calculates the ray paths, acoustic pressure and result of generating beams. We apply the program to 2D and 3D CHA models, and their results are reliable.