• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.551-559
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the practice exercising and cycling on the gait abilities of dementia elderly patients. Forty forty elderly patients with dementia were participants. Participants were divided into three groups as A, B, and C, Group A was a standard group which had been treated with electric treatment, hot pack, and exercise. The second group B had been treated with cycling added to the treatments of group A. Finally, treatments of group C were arranged by subtraction of exercise from those of group A. The test was a 'timed up and go test' used for measuring the rates of the gait ability through four months. The gait ability of each group was measured after each month. The results of this study are as following: 1. After first month, the averages of changes in gait ability of group C, A and B were -1.69, -1.67, and -1.13 seconds respectively. That means that dementia control was achieved significantly in group A and B (p<0.05)whereas it was not in group C. 2. The averages after two months were -4.00 seconds for group C, -2.60 seconds for group A, and -1.56 seconds for B, respectively. All groups acquired significant effects in treating dementia (p<0.05). 3. After three months, -6.38, -3.00 and -2.31 seconds were average values of group C, A and B respectively. Same as results after two months, there were significant effects in all groups (p<0.05). 4. After four months, the averages of changes in gait ability of three groups were -8.00. -3.93 and -3.00 seconds for group C, A and B respectively. In the all patients treated analysis, treatments showed significant results (p<0.05). 5. Compared with each other through four months. three groups testing the timed up and go test showed more efficient in maintaining gait ability, in order of group B. A, and C

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2002

Background: Aerobic training can be defined as any physical exercise that increases the heart rate and enhances the body's intake of oxygen long enough to benefit the condition of body. Running, cycling, and swimming are examples of aerobic activities. This type of exercise optimises immune functions. Recently several experimental findings suggested that the regular swimming training increase immune response, but there have been very few reports which compare warm water exercise with cold water exercise in spleen lymphocytes. Methods: This study was designed to examine the effects of regular swimming training on Index, the number of lymphocytes, proliferative activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by splenocytes in BALB/c mice. Thirty six mice (6 week old) were performed 10 weeks of regular swimming training and they were divided into 6 groups according to the regular swimming training (CRG: control resting group, CEG: control exercise group, WRG: warm water trained resting group, WEG: warm water trained exercise group, CORG: cold water trained resting group, COEG: cold water exercise group). Analytical items were weight change, spleen index, the number of lymphocytes, proliferative activity and production of ROS. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using SPSS package program (ver. 10.0). Results: The swimming training significantly decreased body weight, and increased spleen index, the number of lymphocytes and proliferative activity in the presence or absence of Con A and LPS added conditions. For the WRG and CORG, the quantity of ROS from splenocytes was higher than CRG, whereas, ROS by spleen lymphocytes was lower following 90 min acute exercise stress. Conclusion: These results suggested that the swimming training not only increases the number of lymphocytes but also increases proliferative activity by splenocytes in vitro.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2021

[Purpose] Functional beverages are intended to support those who want to maintain optimal physical condition and improve their quality of life through the enhancement of heart health, immunity, and digestion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of top-level athletes consuming immune-strengthening conditioning nutritional drinks. [Methods] A total of 107 top-level athletes (baseball (56 players), pro volleyball (17), athletics (16), cycling (8), golf (6), and fencing (6)) participated in the experiment. They consumed an immune-enhancing functional beverage once a day for 8 weeks and responded to a survey before, during, and after drinking the beverage. [Results] Three total aspect-based subfactors were drawn from 24 questions in the factor analysis: physical, satisfaction with mental stability, and activity in performance. The physical, mental stability and performance changes of athletes significantly increased in period 2 (4 weeks after intake) and period 3 (after 8 weeks of intake). [Conclusion] We evaluated the efficacy of a new conditioned beverage containing Lactobacillus B240 and protein in improving the performance and physiological utility of top athletes. This functional drink may gain popularity among those seeking health benefits and improved exercise performance.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.499-503
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• 2013

This study tested the hypothesis that effects of the menstrual cycle on resting blood pressure carry over to dynamic exercise. Eleven healthy females were studied during the early (EP; low estrogen, low progesterone) and late follicular (LP; high estrogen, low progesterone) menstrual phases. Stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and total vascular conductance (TVC) were assessed at rest and in response to mild and moderate cycling exercise during EP and LP. During EP, compared to LP, baseline SBP ($111{\pm}1$ vs. $103{\pm}2$ mmHg), DBP ($71{\pm}2$ vs. $65{\pm}2$ mmHg) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) ($84{\pm}2$ vs. $78{\pm}1$ mmHg) were higher and TVC ($47.0{\pm}1.5$ vs. $54.9{\pm}4.2$ ml/min/mmHg) was lower (p<0.05). During exercise, absolute values of SBP (Mild: $142{\pm}4$ vs. $127{\pm}5$ mmHg; Moderate: $157{\pm}4$ vs. $144{\pm}5$ mmHg) and MAP (Mild: $100{\pm}3$ vs. $91{\pm}3$ mmHg; Moderate: $110{\pm}3$ vs. $101{\pm}3$ mmHg) were also higher, while TVC was lower (Mild: $90.9{\pm}5.1$ vs. $105.4{\pm}5.2$ ml/min/mmHg; Moderate: $105.4{\pm}5.3$ vs. $123.9{\pm}8.1$ ml/min/mmHg) during EP (p<0.05). However, exercise-induced increases in SBP, MAP and TVC at both work intensities were similar between the two menstrual phases, even though norepinephrine concentrations were higher during LP. Results indicate that blood pressure during dynamic exercise fluctuates during the menstrual cycle. It is higher during EP than LP and appears to be due to additive effects of simultaneous increases in baseline blood pressure and reductions in baseline TVC.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2009

본 연구는 미세중력 모델인 머리하향기울기(Head Down Tilt; HDT) 자세에서 운동 중저산소호흡이 심혈관계 반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있었다. 8명의 건강한 남성($23{\pm}2$ 세, 신장 $176{\pm}4$ cm, 체중 $75{\pm}8$ kg)은 4가지 조건(앉은 자세에서 정상공기 호흡: SN, 앉은 자세에서 13% 산소호흡; SH, HDT 자세에서 정상공기 호흡; SH, HDT 자세에서 13% 산소호흡; HH)에서 최대산소섭취량의 약 40% 운동강도로 15분간 싸이클링을 실시하였다. 심박수는 SH그룹이 SN그룹보다 높았고(p<0.05), HH그룹이 SH그룹보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈중산소포화도는 SH그룹이 SN그룹보다 유의한 감소를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이완기혈압(p<0.05) 및 평균동맥압(p<0.05)은 안정시 앉은 자세에서보다 HDT 자세에서 유의하게 낮아졌다. 체액변인인 Hb, Hct과 전해질 변인인 나트륨, 칼륨, 염소는 모든 그룹에서 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 대사적 변인 중 Lactate는 SH그룹이 SN그룹보다 유의한 증가를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 결론적으로, 저산소호흡과 자세의 이중자극은 심혈관계반응에 영향을 주지 않았다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.175-191
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behavior and life habits of kindergarten children 5 to 7 years old in Chuncheon area. This study was conducted in December, 1996. Anthropometric indices(height, weight, skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference) were measured and body mass index(BMI), Rohrer index, arm fat area were calculated to estimate children’s body fatness. Also the eating behavior and life habits were determined tv using questionnaire method. The results were as follows: Body fat rate of the children was almost normal according to Rohrer index and BMI. There was significant difference in birth weight between male and female. The problems of the eating behavior were frequent skipping breakfast and eating-out. The rate of the children who took snacks 2 times a day was 46.9％. Most children tended to take sweet snacks such as ice-cream, chocolates, cookies, and they tended to prefer meats and fishes to vegetables. The rate of breast feeding was 28.3％ and the rate of weaning foods prepared at home was 61.1%. Many children preferred indoor activities such as watching TV, toy furniture play, building block to outdoor activities such as roller-skating, cycling, jogging in their spare time. The rate of the children who took exercise regularly was 15％. Children tended to eat kimbap, fried chicken, ramyeon more frequently in various instant foods. The intake rates of fruit juice and barly tea were relatively high and children's favorite fruits were watermelon and mandarin orange. From this results, skipping breakfast, frequent eating-out and the monotony of food preference appears to cause imbalance in nutrient intakes of the children and to have bad influence on children’s health. Accodgingiy, the comprehensive nutrition education and proper modification program should be needed for the children and their parents to correct the eating behavior and life habits. The reasonable exercise programs are needed to motivate outdoor activities of the children, and the importance of breast feeding and weaning foods should be emphasized to lactating women and pregnant women.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Today, the population of cycle participants is consistently increasing. Cycling is becoming not only a form of physical exercise but also a form of tourism in which cycle activities are related to visiting a particular destination. With the perspective of participation sport tourism, the purpose of this study is to investigate how the level of cycle tourists' participation affects their quality of life. An online survey link was sent to cycle participants to collect data. Out of the total 337 respondents, a total of 226 samples were used for the final analysis, disregarding those that were found to be inadequate or unreliable. For data analysis, frequency analysis, reliability test, validity, correlations, and regressions were employed with SPSS 22.0. For our first result, we found that the level of cycle participation did not significantly affect the quality of physical life. Second, the level of cycle participation did not have significant effect on the quality of mental life. Third, the level of cycle participation behavior did not have a significant effect on the quality of social life. Fourth, the level of cycle participation behavior did not have a significant effect on the quality of environmental life. Conclusions and political implications are discussed.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2010

HRV(Heart rate variability) analysis parameter is widely used as an index to evaluate the autonomic nervous system and cardiac function. For reliable HRV analysis, we need to acquire the accurate ECG signals. Most of commercially available portable ECG devices have low sampling rate because of low power consumption and small size issues, which make it difficult to measure RR-interval accurately. This study is to improve the accuracy of RR-interval by developing R-wave interpolation technique, based on the morphological characteristics of the QRS complex. When the developed method was applied to ECG obtained at 200 Hz and the results were compared with 1000 Hz reference device, the error range decreased by 1.33 times in sitting and by 2.38 times in cycling exercise. Therefore, the proposed interpolation technique is thought to be useful to improve the accuracy of R-R interval in the portable ECG device with low sampling rate.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2006

Objectives : Ginseng Research Group in Korea Food Research Institute developed Saeng Mac San (KFRI-2)and Je Ho Tang (KFRI-3) with their sensory factors more acceptable. And we examined their effects on the short-term recovery capacity for cycling exercise (EX) maintained to all-out. Methods : Seven healthy young subjects (aged $24.0{\pm}2.1yr$) were volunteered at this double blind test. Each of KFRI-2, 3, a commercial sport beverage and control (CON) was offered randomly on a series of EX protocol including 65% VO2max-90min EX (D-ride). 1h-recovery and 85% VO2max EX to all-out (P-ride) under the control of their heart rate (HR) and rating perception of exertion (RPE). Blood samples were collected before D-ride, 30, 60 and 90min in D-ride, 30 and 60min in the recovery period and each 10min in P-ride. Plasma analysis items were glucose, insulin, cortisol (CORT), testosterone (TEST), free fatty acid (FFA), $Na^+$, Cl-and $K^+$. The collected data (Means${\pm}$SE) were analysed by two-way ANOVA and statistically significant differences between treatments (p<0.05) by LSD.; the significant level in FFA, $Na^+$, Cl-and $Na^+$ was p<0.01 Results : At 30min during recovery. plasma glucose level in KFRI-3 was significantly higher than CON, and also insulin in KFRI-3 was than CON and KFRI-2. FFA in KFRI-3 was significantly lower than CON during recovery. $Na^+$ in KFRI-3 significantly higher than CON at 90min in D-ride, and also KFRI-2 was at 60min during recovery. However CORT, TEST, Cl-and $Na^+$ in treated beverages were not significant. KFRI-2, 3 elevated the time for P-ride more than CON did. Conclusions : KFRI-2, 3 elevated the time for P-ride about 12% more than CON did. It is based on rapid recovery of plasma glucose level and inhibition of lipolysis during recovery.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권9호통권89호
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• pp.1255-1259
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to elucidate incidence of $VO_2$ plateau by comparing data derived from different time averaging intervals during incremental cycling exercise to $VO_2max$. Seventeen subjects (age: $23.5{\pm}3.3$ years and $VO_2max$: $3.65{\pm}0.73$ L/min, respectively) completed $VO_2max$ tests on cycle ergometer which breath by breath gas ex-change data were obtained. These data were time-averaged into 11-breath, 15, 30 and 60 s sampling intervals. The incidence of plateau were 100, 35, 24 and 6% for the 11 breath, 15 s, 30 s and 60 s averaging, respectively. No correlation was between ${\Delta}$ $VO-2$ at $VO_2max$ and $VO_2max$ (r=0.008). 53% (maximal HR within 10 b/min) and 100% $(RER{\geq}1.15)$ of subjects met the criteria for attainment of $VO_2max$. This data indicate that shorter sampling intervals (11 breath) is the most suitable for de-tection of the $VO_2$ plateau and RER can be used for the criteria for attainment of $VO_2max$ but not maximal HR. Also, the incidence of a plateau is not related to training status or physical fitness of subjects.