• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.471-484
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• 2018

Recently, cyber threats are frequently occurring in ICS(industrial control systems) of government agencies, infrastructure, and manufacturing companies. In order to cope with such cyber threats, it is necessary to apply CTI to ICS. For this purpose, a security information collection system is needed. However, it is difficult to install security solution in control devices such as PLC. Therefor, it is difficult to collect security information of ICS. In addition, there is a problem that the security information format generated in various assets is different. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient method to collect ICS security information. We utilize CybOX/STIX/TAXII CTI models that are easy to apply to ICS. Using this model, we designed the formats to collect security information of ICS assets. We created formats for system logs, IDS logs, and EWS application logs of ICS assets using Windows and Linux. In addition, we designed and implemented a security information collection system that reflects the designed formats. This system can be used to apply monitoring system and CTI to future ICS.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.484-494
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• 2017

In industrial plants such as nuclear power plants, system operations are performed by embedded controllers orchestrated by Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) software. A targeted attack (also termed a control aware attack) on the controller/SCADA software can lead a control system to operate in an unsafe mode or sometimes to complete shutdown of the plant. Such malware attacks can result in tremendous cost to the organization for recovery, cleanup, and maintenance activity. SCADA systems in operational mode generate huge log files. These files are useful in analysis of the plant behavior and diagnostics during an ongoing attack. However, they are bulky and difficult for manual inspection. Data mining techniques such as least squares approximation and computational methods can be used in the analysis of logs and to take proactive actions when required. This paper explores methodologies and algorithms so as to develop an effective monitoring scheme against control aware cyber attacks. It also explains soft computation techniques such as the computational geometric method and least squares approximation that can be effective in monitor design. This paper provides insights into diagnostic monitoring of its effectiveness by attack simulations on a four-tank model and using computation techniques to diagnose it. Cyber security of instrumentation and control systems used in nuclear power plants is of paramount importance and hence could be a possible target of such applications.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.839-847
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• 2011

Instrumentation & Control(I&C) System in NPP(Nuclear Power Plant) plays a important role as the brain of human being, it performs protecting, controling and monitoring safety operation of NPP. Recently, the I&C system is digitalized as digital technology such as PLC, DSP, FPGA. The different aspect of digital system which use digital communication to analog system is that it has potential vulnerability to cyber threat in nature. Possibility that digital I&C system is defected by cyber attack is increasing day by day. The result of cyber attack can be adverse effect to safety function in NPP. Therefore, I&C system required cyber security counter-measures that protect themselves from cyber threat efficiently and also cyber security design should be taken into consideration at concept stage in I&C system development process. In this study, we proposed the digital asset analysis method for cyber security assessment of I&C system design in NPP and we performed digital asset analysis of I&C system by using the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2020.05a
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• pp.142-145
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• 2020

캐시 부채널 공격은 캐시 기반의 공격 기법으로 개인정보 유출에 대한 위험성이 큰 보안 취약점이다. 해당 취약점을 막기 위해 실시간 공격 탐지 기법에 관한 연구들이 진행되고 있지만 사용자에게 이벤트값과 탐지 결과를 빠르고 편리하게 보여줄 필요성이 있다. 본 논문은 효율적인 캐시 부채널 공격 탐지를 위해 Intel PCM 과 기존의 탐지프로그램을 개선하여 탐지에 필요한 데이터들을 실시간으로 모니터링 및 경고를 보내주는 프레임워크를 제작했다. 해당 프레임워크는 캐시 부채널 공격을 실시간 탐지 및 관련 데이터들을 대시보드로 보여준다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.703-709
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• 2011

State-based infrastructure on IT-based network are prone to numerous cyber attack including subsequent hacking and internet infringement. These acts of terrorism are increasing because of the expanding IT convergence technology. Recently, the trend on cyber security monitoring and control researches focus on combining the general idea of security monitoring and control along with IT field and other control systems. This convergence trend has been increasing in both the use and importance. This research analyzes the state-based infrastructure monitoring and control system, its vulnerability as well as its improvement by incorporating the cyber convergence systems to existing systems. The subject of this research is for extensive use of CCTV systems which is expanded for 'CCTV Monitoring and Control Field' as well as 'Traffic Monitoring and Control Field' operated by 'Intelligent Traffic Information System' and Disaster Management Area which is studied in various fields. Eventually, the objective of the paper is to solve these issues, to apply related systems and to suggest improvement on the convergence system.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.906-918
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• 2018

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which brings many benefits to our lives, has resulted in numerous IoT devices in many parts of our living environment. However, to adapt to the rapid changes in the IoT market, numerous IoT devices were widely deployed without implementing security by design at the time of development. As a result, malicious attackers have targeted IoT devices, and IoT devices lacking security features have been compromised by attackers, resulting in many security incidents. In particular, an attacker can take control of an IoT device, such as Mirai Botnet, that has insufficient security features. The IoT device can be used to paralyze numerous websites by performing a DDoS attack against a DNS service provider. Therefore, this study proposes a scheme to minimize security vulnerabilities and threats in IoT devices to improve the security of the IoT service environment.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.83-90
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• 2015

Recent, Cyber attacks such as hacking and malicious code techniques are evolving very rapidly changing cyber a ttacks are increasing, the number of malicious code techniques vary accordingly become intelligent. In the case of m alware because of the ambiguity in the number of malware have increased rapidly by name or classified as maliciou s code may have difficulty coping with. This paper investigated the naming convention of the vaccine manufacturer s in Korea to solve this problem, the analysis and offers a naming convention for security control event detection r ule analysis to compare the pattern of the detection rule out based on this current.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.637-652
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• 2013

Instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants have been digitalized for the purpose of maintenance and precise operation. This digitalization, however, brings out issues related to cyber security. In the most recent past, international standard organizations, regulatory institutes, and research institutes have performed a number of studies addressing these systems cyber security.. In order to provide information helpful to the system designers in their application of cyber security for the systems, this paper presents methods and considerations to define attack vectors in a target system, to review and select the requirements in the Regulatory Guide 5.71, and to integrate the results to identify applicable technical security control requirements. In this study, attack vectors are analyzed through the vulnerability analyses and penetration tests with a simplified safety system, and the elements of critical digital assets acting as attack vectors are identified. Among the security control requirements listed in Appendices B and C to Regulatory Guide 5.71, those that should be implemented into the systems are selected and classified in groups of technical security control requirements using the results of the attack vector analysis. For the attack vector elements of critical digital assets, all the technical security control requirements are evaluated to determine whether they are applicable and effective, and considerations in this evaluation are also discussed. The technical security control requirements in three important categories of access control, monitoring and logging, and encryption are derived and grouped according to the elements of attack vectors as results for the sample safety system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.465-479
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• 2020

Regardless of the domestic and foreign governments/companies, SOC (Security Operation Center) has operated 24 hours a day for the entire year to ensure the security for their IT infrastructures. However, almost all SOCs have a critical limitation by nature, caused from heavily depending on the manual analysis of human agents with the text-based monitoring architecture. Even though, in order to overcome the drawback, technologies for a comprehensive visualization against complex cyber threats have been studying, most of them are inappropriate for the security monitoring in large-scale networks. In this paper, to solve the problem, we propose a novel visual approach for intuitive threats monitoring b detecting suspicious IP address, which is an ultimate challenge in cyber security monitoring. The approach particularly makes it possible to detect, trace and analysis of suspicious IPs statistically in real-time manner. As a result, the system implemented by the proposed method is suitably applied and utilized to the real-would environment. Moreover, the usability of the approach is verified by successful detecting and analyzing various attack IPs.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.67-81
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• 2011

In recently years, there are cyber-weapon aim to national infrastructure such as 'stuxnet'. Security experts of the world are paying attention to this phenomenon. The networks which controls traffic, subway, waterworks of the city are safe from threats such as computer virus, malware, because the networks were built on closed-networks. However, it's about time to develop countermeasure for the cyber-weapon. In this paper, we review status-quo of the control systems for metropolitan infrastructure and analyze the risk of industrial control system in SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) network. Finally, we propose a security model for control systems of metropolitan infrastructure.