• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.711-718
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• 2019

BDD is a well-known alternative to the conventional Boolean logic method in fault tree analysis. As the size of fault tree increases, the calculation time and computer resources for BDD dramatically increase. A new failure path search and path restructure method is proposed for efficient calculation of CS and MCS from BDD. Failure path grouping and bottom-up path search is proved to be efficient in failure path search in BDD and path restructure is also proved to be used in order to reduce the number of CS comparisons for MCS extraction. With these newly proposed methods, the top event probability can be calculated using the probability by ASDMP(Approximate Sum of Disjoint MCS Products), which is shown to be equivalent to the result by the conventional MCUB(Minimal Cut Upper Bound) probability.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.942-947
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• 2010

In the present study, pollen tube growth and fruit set in Asian pear ($Pyrus$ $pyrifolia$) were examined upon the mechanical damage on the stigma and style following the artificial pollination. When the upper middle part of style was cut off at 48 h after the artificial pollination, pollen tube grew to the middle of the style and the subsequent pollen tube elongation and fruit set normally occurred. When the style was cut off before the pollen tube reached the middle of the style, however, no pollen tube elongation and fruit set occurred. With the pollen tube elongation through the style, callose plugs at the basal part of the pollen tube were formed to the direction of the elongation at regular intervals. When the upper part of pollen tube attached pollen grain was cut off, however, callose plugs were formed defectively in the pollen tube, and the pollen tube opened and lost their turgor pressure. These facts might be the reason for the ceased or delayed pollen tube elongation and ultimately the failure of the fertilization.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.333-336
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• 1999

Current season's shoots on 2-year-old branches of 'Fuji' and 'Jonagold' apple trees were heading back pruned to 5 leaves from early May to mid July at about 12-day intervals. The summer heading back pruning induced regrowth on the pruned shoots with different responses between the two cultivars. Generally, greater regrowth occurred on the pruned shoots of 'Fuji' trees than on those of 'Jonagold', irrespective of the time of the heading cut. The shoots of 'Fuji' trees pruned in late May or in June exhibited greater regrowth compared with those pruned in early May or in July, whereas the summer heading back pruning in June resulted in the greatest regrowth for 'Jonagold'. The heading cut induced terminal flower bud formation on the pruned shoots, the percentage of which was higher in 'Fuji' than in 'Jonagold'. The highest percentages of terminal flower bud formation for 'Fuji' and 'Jonagold' were obtained with the heading cut in late May and in mid June, respectively. Percent flowering of the buds was similar in both cultivars, but percent fruit set was slightly higher in 'Fuji' than in 'Jonagold'. The time of the heading cut did not affect percent fruit set in both cultivars. Our results demonstrate that summer heading back pruning of current season's shoots induces regrowth and terminal flower bud formation therefrom when done at appropriate time, but the specific responses to the heading cut are cultivardependent.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.51-62
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• 2002

The development of computer technology and the advancement of the technology of information and communications spread the technology of multimedia and increased the use of multimedia data with large capacity, Users can grasp the overall video data and they are able to play wanted video back. To grasp the overall video data it is necessary to offer the list of summarized video data information, In order to search video efficiently on index process of video data is essential and it is also indispensable skill, Therefore, this thesis suggested the effective method about the cut detection of frames which will become a basis of an index based on contents of video image data. This suggested method was detected as the unchanging pixel color intelligence value, classified into diagonal direction. Pixel value of color detected in each frame of video data is stored as A(i, j) matrix-i is the number of frames. j is an image height of frame. By using the stored pixel value as the method of sum of squared difference of color two frames I calculated a specified value difference between frames and detected cut quickly and exactly in case it is bigger than threshold value set in advance, To carry out on experiment on the cut detection of frames comprehensively, I experimented on many kinds of video. analyzing and comparing efficiency of the cut detection system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4328-4336
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to find changes of the attributes that influence the purchase of cut roses during recent five years(2007~2011) and suggest some implications on ways to promote cut roses marketing. For this purpose, a survey was conducted through the Internet among 1,100 randomly chosen people living in Seoul, Inchon and Gyeonggi Province in 2011. A total of 1,023 valid replies were received for the analysis of the survey which was carried out by the subsidiary consulting firm. The survey panels and estimation models to analyze changes of consumers' preference attributes during recent five years are same to them of Kim, et al.(2007). That is, empirical analysis tools such as ordered probit model, multinomial logit model, and conjoint analysis were used according to Kim, et al.(2007). This paper suggests several policy implications to set up the target market of cut roses and marketing mix strategy to specify the best 4P(product, price, place and promotion).

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

Recently, the games on the market are getting rich and excellent in the category of design and productions. The style and production quality of cut-scenes also have achieved a continuous development, so how to stand out from multiple designs and gain popularity always acts as a challenge to designers. However, such design strategy up to developers will be failed to judge whether or not design achievements are loved by players and thus cannot meet rapidly changing market demands on both in a quantity and quality. Therefore, this study holds that cut-scene design for video games must set out from user-centered design(UCD). According to literatures with respect to product market, we know that Market Pull imposes far more impacts on success in bringing new products to the market than the technology Push, hence players actually determines the success of a game in competitive game market. This study will help to enhance the immersion of playing game, including the interest and standing out the designer's message without distorting the original impression in the game publishing environment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.207-213
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• 2019

The fuel-cut coast-down driving mode is activated when the acceleration pedal is released with transmission gear engaged, and it's a default function for electronic-controlled engine of vehicles. The fuel economy becomes better because fuel injection stops during fuel-cut driving mode. A fuel-cut detection method is suggested in the study and it's based on the speed, acceleration and road gradient data from GPS sensor. It detects fuel-cut driving mode by comparing calculated acceleration and realtime acceleration value. The one is estimated with driving resistance in the condition of fuel-cut driving and the other is from GPS sensor. The detection accuracy is about 80% when the method is verified with road driving data. The result is estimated with 9,600 data set of vehicle speed, acceleration, fuel consumption and road gradient from test driving on the road of 12km during 16 minutes, and the road slope is rather high. It's easy to detect fuel-cut without injector signal obtained by connecting wire. The detection error is from the fact that the variation range of speed, acceleration and road gradient data, used for road resistance force, is larger than the value of fuel consumption data.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.222-229
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• 1999

In order to regulate cutting torque in milling, monitoring system should be set to a certain threshold. Radial immersion ratio is an important factor to determine the threshold and should be estimated in process for automatic regulation. In this paper, on-line estimation of the radial immersion ration using spindle motor current in face milling is presented. When a tooth finishes sweeping, a sudden drop of cutting torque occurs. This torque drop is equal to cutting torque acting on a single tooth at the swept angle of cut and can be acquired form cutting torque signals. Average cutting torque per revolution can also be calculate form cutting torque signals. The ratio of cutting torque acting on a single tooth at the swept angle of cut to the average cutting torque per revolution is a function of the swept angle of cut and the number of teeth. Using the magnitude of this ratio, the radial immersion ratio is estimated. Identical algorithm is adopted to estimate the immersion ratio based on the spindle motor current measurement. The experiments performed under different cutting conditions show that the radial immersion ratio can be estimated within 10% error range by the proposed method using spindle motor current.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.564-569
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• 2005

Usually, Steel pipe grouting method or cut and cover method has been applied to tunnel with very shallow overburden or it is situated in valley. However, in case of lack of overburden height to reinforcement tunnel crown which is very difficult to construction. Also, application of cut and cover method that do not consider surrounding site condition causes popular enmity generation and environmental damage. It is the best alternative method that reduces the amount of excavated soil and excavate tunnel under ground to solve these problems. The tunneling method using cover structure which is to prevent a tunnel from collapse because this method can be reduce excavation area and construct tunnel under ground after set a cover structure and backfill ground. In this study, to know more effective structure type, comparative analysis was performed to behavior characters of slab and arch type construction that can be used to cover structure. Also a 2D and 3D numerical analysis have been performed to verify the stability of ground during excavation. As the result, the tunneling method using cover structure that it can be good alternative method for tunnel with shallow overburden and it through valley

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.83-89
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• 1999

This paper presents the in-process runout compensation methodology to improve the surface quality of circular contouring cut in end milling process. The runout compensation system is based on the manipulation of workpiece position relative to cutter in minimizing the cutting force oscillation at spindle frequency. the basic concept of this approach is realized on a end milling machine whose machining table accommodates a set of orthogonal translators perpendicular to the spindle axis. The system performed that measuring the runout related cutting force component, formulating PI controlling commands, and the manipulating the workpiece position to counteract the variation of chip load during the circular contouring cut. To evaluate the runout compensation system performance, experimental study based on the implementation of two-axes PI force control is presented in the context of cutting force regulation and part surface finish improvement.