• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2014

This paper describes reasonable methods by considering change of outdoor temperature into Customer Baseline Load(CBL) of Demand Resources in Smart Demand Resource Market, which controls peak power demand and maintains reliability of power system. The Smart Demand Resouce Market, which KPX(Korea Power Exchange) implement, is explained and then effects for CBL calculated by considering temperature correction factor are established. Finally, four methods for calculation of CBL are proposed and those results are compared and analyzed.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 2009

In a real-life supply chain environment, demand forecasting is usually represented by probabilistic distributions due to the uncertainty inherent in customer demands. However, the customer demand used for an actual supply chain planning is a single deterministic value for each of periods. In this paper we study the choice of single demand value among of the given customer demand distribution for a period to be used in the supply chain planning. This paper considers distributed multi-echelon supply chain and the objective function of this paper is to minimize the total costs, that is the sum of holding and backorder costs over the distribution network under the service level constraint, by using demand selection scheme. Some useful findings are derived from various simulation-based experiments.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한안전경영과학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.151-160
• /
• 2003

The company was focusing on production which was partial mission rather than acquiring the information of customer in intensive process industry. The company accepted loss which is from over-production, losing of opportunity. After changing to Web environment, supply chain is more complicated and need of customer is more various. As a result the company hard works on controlling production rates, production quantities in production area and gathering exact information which is about available resource and available quantities. Cooperated demand planning have to get decreasing of inventory, improving of customer service in supply chain management. Specially demand planning that considers allocation of capacity is executed in Iron-Industry. Demand planning must be classified by customer, region and supply position level.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제60권5호
• /
• pp.929-935
• /
• 2011

Customers hardly change to electric prices in old days because electricity is essential commodity, while demand changes with price after deregulation. It's explained by price-based demand response with demand-elasticity matrix. Also all of the customers have had identical demand-price elasticity matrix till now. But in a practical power system, various customers are present with taking a variety of demand-price elasticity. Therefore this paper proposes demand-price sensitivity to represent different demand-price elasticity. Also as proposing demand-reliability sensitivity, it is modeling various customers' characteristics to reliability. And then this paper calculates total expected interruption cost of customer from the customer interruption cost and the demand-reliability sensitivity. A total expected interruption cost of system is shown as opportunity cost of a generation cost.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 2020

In this paper, we analyze the buyer's joint pricing and lot-sizing model in a two-stage supply chain consisting of the supplier, the buyer and the customer. It is assumed that the supplier will permit a certain fixed period for settling the amount the buyer owes to him for the items supplied in order to stimulate the demand for the product. Generally, credit transactions would have a positive effect to the buyer. The availability of credit transactions from the supplier effectively reduces the cost of holding stocks for the buyer and therefore, the buyer has a lot of price options to choose his sales price for a customer in anticipation of increased the customer's demand and, as a result, it will appear to increase the buyer's inventory levels. On the other hand, in the case of decaying products in which their utility decay over time, the decaying rate with time may be expected to reduce inventory levels. In this regard, we need to analyze how much the length of credit period and the decaying rate affect the buyer's pricing and lot-sizing policy. For the analysis, we consider the situation where the customer's demand is represented as a linearly decreasing function of the buyer's sales price. From this perspective, we formulate the buyer's annual net profit and analyze the effect of the length of credit period and decaying rate of the product on the buyer's inventory policy numerically.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2014

This study applies the job-demands resource (JD-R) model to investigate the interactive effect of job demands and job resources in predicting the development of service employee work engagement and customer-oriented attitude. This paper proposed a theoretical model that suggests that the service employee's work engagement is the consequence of the employee's perceived support from the organization and its customers (customer participation) and leads to a customer-oriented attitude. However, the effect of organizational support is somewhat hindered by job insecurity, demonstrating the inability of an organizationally provided job resource to overcome the job demand of job insecurity. As a type of job demand from customer's perspective, customer crowding is suggested as a negative moderator in the link between customer participation and work engagement. As such, this article proposes how different elements of a service employee's work environment interact to ultimately influence the service employee's customer-oriented attitude. Specifically, the current research focuses on how the negative contextual elements of job insecurity and job crowding (i.e., job demands) interact with the potentially positive elements of organizational support and customer participation (i.e., job resources), as well as with an employee's customer orientation, to ultimately develop a customer-oriented attitude. This study concludes with some propositions for potential causal relationships among key constructs that can be empirically tested in future research, as well as implications of the current study for both managers and researchers.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제58권1호
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2009

In this study firstly we survey the calculation method and the characteristics of the way of estimating CBL(Customer BaseLine Load) that is important calculation tool for DRP internationally. Also we analyze the power consumption pattern using the 15 minutes load profiles of about 120,000 customers in domestic. Based on this pattern, we provide the CBL calculation method that can be utilized in DRP to save the cost, and analyze the accuracy of the CBL calculation proposed in this paper through the simulation.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.910-918
• /
• 2003

The purposes of this study were to develop a model for university foodservices and to provide management strategies for reducing costs, and increasing productivity and customer satisfaction. The results of this study were as follows : 1) The demands in university food services varied depending on the time series. A fixed pattern was discovered for specific times of the month and semesters. The demand tended to constantly decrease from the beginning of a specific semester to the end, from March to June and from September to December. Moreover, the demand was higher during the first semester than the second semester, within school term than during vacation periods, and during the summer vacation than the winter. 2) Pearson's simple correlation was done between actual customer demand and the factors relating to forecasting the demand. There was a high level of correlation between the actual demand and the demand that had occurred in the previous weeks. 3) By applying the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis to two different university food services providing multiple menu items, a model was developed in terms of four different time series(first semester, second semester, summer vacation, and winter vacation). Customer preference for specific menu items was found to be the most important factor to be considered in forecasting the demand.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국경영과학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.245-248
• /
• 1998

In this paper, as a forecasting method, the market survey for forecasting demand is introduced for the estimation of subscriber line demand in the optical access networks. The market survey method for the new multimedia services is attempted to collect information directly from customers using the questionnaires for home-users and business-users in local loops. Analysis rationale of questionnaires is suggested to estimate the number of subscriber lines. Also, two measures are presented to quantify the credibility on survey responses; one is the probability that the customer will use the multimedia services and the other is the rate that the subscriber line demand will be actually realized. The former measure is calculated based on the information on customers and the Logit analysis. The latter is obtained by the degree of customer's knowledge about specific services and the customer's willingness to use the services. Based on the values of two measures, the number of subscriber line demand can be developed for installing the optical access networks.

• 동아시아경상학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2021

Purpose - Among the various pricing approaches used to set fares for express trains, this study explores a method of utilizing a customer-based pricing approach. The purpose of this study is to figure out how to apply the customer-based pricing approach to fares of new railway services using express trains. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted through a literature review and case studies. In the literature review, we examined three approaches, focusing on the customer-based pricing approach and its application. In the case studies, we show how a customer-based pricing approach can be applied to determining the fares for railway services. Result - Some studies have used a customer-based pricing approach to set railway service rates, adapting the concepts of customer-based pricing such as demand, elasticity, value and willingness to pay. When setting fares of new railway services, it is recommended to use the customer-based approach in conjunction with other pricing approaches. Conclusion - This study demonstrates that a customer-based pricing approach is a promising tool in making decisions on railway fares. By applying a customer-based pricing approach to fares for new railway services using express trains, railway operators can utilize new service rates and increase the profitability of the railway business.