• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2015

Customer firms exercise various sources of power to influence their suppliers' behaviors or decisions. In this study we aim to examine the effects of customers' sources of power on their supplier's performance improvement. This study posits that a customer's expert, referent, and reward power positively influence a supplier's performance directly as well as indirectly through increased supplier-customer integration. On the contrary, the customer's coercive power is expected to worsen the supplier's operational performance because of increasing distrust, dissatisfaction, and conflict with the customer. Data collected from 1,229 firms from Korea, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the U.S. are used to test the hypotheses. Expert power proves to be the most effective source of customer power in improving a supplier's inventory cost, delivery, and flexibility performance. In contrast, coercive power deteriorates significantly all supplier performance variables. Academic and managerial implications are presented and future research directions are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2011

Recently, new distributed power sources such as photovoltaic, wind power, fuel cell systems etc. are energetically interconnected and operated in the distribution feeders, as one of the national projects for alternative energy. When new power sources are considered to be interconnected to distribution systems, bi-directional power flow and interconnection conditions of new power sources may cause several power quality problems like voltage sag, voltage swell, harmonics, since new power sources can change typical characteristics of distribution systems. Under these situations, this paper deals with the analysis the power quality problems at primary and secondary feeders in distribution systems, when new power sources like photovoltaic (PV) systems are interconnected, by using the test devices for PV systems based on the LabVIEW S/W. This paper presents the test device which is consisted with model distribution system and model PV systems. By performing the simulation for power quality operation characteristic based on the test facilities, this paper presents the optimal countermeasures for power quality.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.55-67
• /
• 2015

Despite the well-known predictive power of Dirichlet model on customer loyalty, deviations of share of category requirement (SCR) predicted by Dirichlet model from actual SCR have been repeatedly reported. It has been shown that these deviations can be systematically explained by some factors such as brand's market share, product positioning strategy, purchase volume and retail marketing mix strategies. Presuming that brand equity would be additional sources of these deviations, current study assesses the incremental predictive power of brand equity by using over 4,000 brand-level observations for the consumer packaged goods industry in the U.S. Our model estimations indicate that brands that exhibit higher brand equity enjoy excess loyalty, with the primary driver being volume premium, rather than price premium. Overall, our findings support the notion that idiosyncratic brand properties can explain excess behavioral loyalty, a notion that is in stark contrast with the Dirichlet view of the world: brand equity does not exist.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 2003

This paper presents the result of survey of case study for Harmonics in electrical Installations of buildings. Recently, many power electronic equipments(power converter, computers, air conditioners electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps and so on) are used in office buildings, and harmonic current from them influence the other equipments in a distribution line. Notably, voltage distortion or voltage harmonics may approach or exceed is allowable level in power distribution system. Individual electric power consumers and end-users and responsible for reducing current harmonics while companies or utilities are responsible for reducing voltage harmonics at the point of common coupling in distribution system. As for harmonics, which one of the electric power qualities, it becomes important to obtain harmonic voltage/current distribution of the power system precisely because the use of power electronic apparatus in increasing. However, there are some difficulties on evaluating the measured data in comparison with the simulated result. The primary cause was indentitied with the resonance of harmonics form many sources. To suppress harmonics in electrical installations of buildings, one of many methods suggest that resonance frequencies are controlled by modulating the capacities of high-voltage customer's capacitors.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.67 no.7
• /
• pp.824-832
• /
• 2018

According to the government's policy to demonstrate and expand the renewable energy sources, distributed generators such as PV and WP are installed and operated in distribution systems. However, there are many issues related to power quality problems including over voltage and under voltage of customers. In order to overcome these problems, the electric power company have installed a step voltage regulator (SVR) in primary feeders interconnected with distributed generators, and also have established the technical guidelines for the distributed generators to stabilize the customer voltages in distribution systems. However, it is difficult to maintain the customer voltages within allowable limit. Therefore, this paper reviews the problems of voltage control by SVR in a distribution systems interconnected with a large amount of PV systems, and proposes characteristics of operating range and voltage control limit of the small hydropower generators. Also, with the estimation of the influence to the power system voltages from the voltage control mode of generators, this paper proposes the optimal voltage control algorithm of the small hydropower generators. By programming the proposed algorithm into control simulator of exciter, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithm can contribute the voltage stabilization in distribution systems interconnected with large scaled PV systems.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.316-318
• /
• 2001

Occasionally, equipment in a distribution system fails due to damage from weather, vandalism, or other causes. In addition, it is recommended practice to have some way in which maintenance or replacement of every element in a system can be performed without causing lengthy interruption of electrical service to the customers it feeds. Thus, alternate sources, paths, and configurations of service must be planned so that both failures and maintenance do not affect customer service beyond a reasonable amount. In some cases, planning for alternate routes of service during equipment outages or emergencies -- will be the major aspect influencing selection of a feeder's capacity, type of route, or layout. We want to know the relationship between molt-dividing multi-connection and distribution reliability for contingency support considerations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.526-535
• /
• 2018

Recently, in order to reduce the $CO_2$ emission in the island area, countermeasures to operate power system in a stable manner are being researched due to decrease of the operation rate in diesel generators and the increase of renewable energy sources. The phenomenon of energy sinking can be occurred if the output of renewable energy sources is larger than customer loads. Voltage of CVCF(constant voltage & constant frequency) battery could be increased rapidly according to the condition of SOC(state of charge) and blackout could be occurred due to shut-down of CVCF inverter, at carbon free island micro-grid based on the CVCF inverter. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes a transient operation algorithm in CVCF based micro-grid which in advance prevents shut-down of CVCF inverter during the energy sinking. And also this paper proposes the modeling of micro-grid including CVCF inverter, PV system, customer load using PSCAD/EMTDC S/W. From the results of micro-grid modeling based on the proposed algorithm, it is confirmed that CVCF based micro-grid can properly prevent shut-down of CVCF inverter according to SOC and battery voltage of CVCF inverter when energy sinking is occurred.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.11
• /
• pp.239-249
• /
• 2019

Recently, the Korean government has implemented a policy to expand renewable energy sources. Large-scale PV systems are being actively interconnected with the distribution system. On the other hand, when a large-scale PV system is installed and operated, the customer voltages could violate the allowable voltage limit due to reverse power flow of the PV system. To overcome these problems, an enhancement method for hosting the capacity of the PV system in a distribution system is being actively conducted. Therefore, to improve the hosting capacity of the PV system, this paper proposes a model of a reconfiguration of the distribution system, which is composed of three sections and three connections based on PSCAD/EMTDC S/W, and proposes an evaluation algorithm for the feeder reconfiguration to maximize an adaption of the PV system. In addition, this paper presents the optimal method of the feeder reconfiguration section to evaluate the maximum capacity of the PV system to keep customer voltages within the allowable voltage limits based on various operation scenarios, such as the capacity of a PV system and section of feeder reconfiguration. From the simulation results based on the PSCAD/EMTDC modeling and evaluation algorithm, it was confirmed that they are a useful and practical tool to enhance hosting the capacity of a PV system in a distribution system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.239-250
• /
• 2002

The purpose of the study was to explore the information activities of wedding dress shops and how companies' characteristics (the number of business year and the location of shops) and information users'characteristics (the year of career) influenced on utilization of information (fashion information, market information and internal information). In addition, the study was to investigate ratings of the importance of the competitive means. The questionnaire was revised by the researchers on the base of preceding research studies after interviewing wedding dress industry workers and performing a pilot survey. The total l10 copies were distributed to the workers of the wedding shops located in the city of seoul. Fifty six copies from the shops in Kangnam area were returned, and 38 copies at Kangbuk area. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Duncan's tests were used. The results from the study are follow. 1. The heavily utilized fashion information was collected from international and domestic wedding magazine by the respondents for their merchandise and design planning. 2. According to the companies'characteristics (the number of business year and the location of shop), the 50∼10 year-old companies collected fashion information from international fashion shows, domestic wedding/fashion magazine reporters, and utilized sales data as internal information sources than any other companies. The shops in Kangnam area used international fashion information and market information on popular/unpopular goods more than other shops. 3. According to information users'characteristics (the year of career), the 3-5 year-experienced workers utilized domestic fabric converters as an information source, lists of popular/unpopular goods as well as future forecasting information as internal information more any other workers. 4. Dress design, fabrics and customer service before wedding were considered as very important competitive power by wedding shop workers.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.45-75
• /
• 2006

How much influence does a business plan have on a corporate performance? Whilst previous studies and literatures all assert a strong correlation between the two, very few have actually conducted practical analyses to support that. This study takes an empirical approach in its analysis of Korea' s small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) with the view to finding an answer to the question. A business plan' s components, which have to date been suggested only in theory and in concept, have been selected through the study of literatures and preliminary examination. The selected components were then narrowed down into five factors of productivity, implementation, operational direction, product/service and customer accessibility by applying factor analysis. With which items to measure corporate performance is also an important question as results differ depending on which measurement items were used. For the purpose of this study, corporate performance was classified into effectiveness, adaptability and efficiency to measure how greatly each is influenced by the components of a business plan. Results show that effectiveness and adaptability have a positive (+) influence on corporate performance. The regression model seems to explain effectiveness particularly well. However, different directions of influences were showed in explain power of the research model were not high. And it can be interpreted that implementation of the plan is as important as the establishment of it. Thus a good corporate performance is to be had only under an excellent plan and following an excellent implementation. In most of the companies surveyed, business plans were established regularly led by the intense involvement of the CEO. Such plans were then used in internal operations, such as guiding operational direction and measuring corporate performance. Unlike general expectations, relatively few companies used them in financing from external sources such as banks or venture capitals. These findings are different from previous studies conducted in this field. Also, as market uncertainty was pointed out as the biggest obstacle to business planning. a manager must pay more attention to acquiring external information and knowledge so as to minimize it.