• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2005

원자력 발전소의 많은 배관부는 고온, 고압환경에서 적용되고 있어 환경적 및 기계적 요인에 의하여 부식결함이 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 이와 같은 부식 결함은 초음파 기법 등에 의하여 평가되어야 하고, 본 연구에서는 주사형 레이저 유도 초음파(SLS) 기법을 도입하여 배관부 부식결함의 영상화 기법을 적용하였다. 본 기법은 표면이 거칠거나 배관재와 같은 곡면의 표면에서 적용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 한편 기존의 주사형 초음파 기법은 초음파 센서와 검사대상체 사이의 초음파 전달 매개체를 확보하기 위하여 시험편이 수침되거나 워터젯을 이용하였으나 주사형 레이저 초음파 기법은 광학적 기법을 이용하여 초음파를 발생시키므로 비접촉 방법에 의한 주사 이미지 획득이 가능하다. 따라서 본 주사형 레이저 초음파 기법은 복잡한 구조물의 검사, 비접촉 원격 및 고화질의 결함 이미지 탐상이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 배관 결함의 검출능 향상을 위하여 결함 영상 획득에 있어서 다양한 조건의 레이저 유도 초음파 발생 기법을 적용하였고, 배관에 존재하는 응력부식 균열의 결함 영상을 얻게 되었다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.120-123
• /
• 2004

The bending phenomenon has been known to be occurred by the difference of velocity at the die exit. The difference of velocity at the die exit section can be obtained by the different velocity of billets inside die chamber after passing the multi-hole container. The curvature can be controlled by the two variables, the one of them is the different velocity of billets through the multi-hole container, the other is the difference of hole diameter. The bending phenomenon during extruding using four billets can be obtained by the difference of hole diameters in the multi-hole container or by the difference of relative velocity of billet inserted in the container. As results of DEFORM-3D analysis, it can be shown that bending can be obtained during extruding by the difference of relative velocity of two billets or by the difference of hole diameter, and the amount of curvature is increased by the difference of velocity and diameter. According to the shape of products, the curvature of rectangular section is bigger than the curvature of regular square section. And, it is estimated that, because the stress on the welding line is much higher than yield stress of material, the bonding of four billets can be obtained.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.421-428
• /
• 2011

The out-of-pile mechanical performance and microstructure of recrystallized Zr-1.5 Nb-S alloy was investigated. The strength of the recrystallized Zr-1.5Nb-O-S alloys was observed to increase with the addition of sulfur over a wide temperature range, from room temperature up to $300^{\circ}C$. A yield drop and stress serrations due to dynamic strain were observed at room temperature and $300^{\circ}C$. Wavy and curved dislocations and loosely knit tangles were observed after strained to 0.07 at room temperature, suggesting that cross slip is easier. At $300^{\circ}C$, however, dislocations were observed to be straight and aligned along the slip plane, suggesting that cross slip is rather difficult. At $300^{\circ}C$, oxygen atoms are likely to exert a drag force on moving dislocations, intensifying the dynamic strain aging effect. Oxygen atoms segregated at partial dislocations of a screw dislocation with the edge component may hinder the cross slip, resulting in the rather straight dislocations distributed on the major slip planes. Recrystallized Zr-Nb-S alloys exhibited ductile fracture surfaces, supporting the beneficial effect of sulfur in zirconium alloys. Oxidation resistance in air was also found to be improved with the addition of sulfur in Zr-1.5 Nb-O alloys.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제84권5호
• /
• pp.699-706
• /
• 2022

Settlement control techniques are critical for the safety of shield tunnel constructions, especially for facing complex situations. In this study, the shield tunnel structure from Huaita east road station to Heping Road station in Xuzhou metro No.3 line (China) is taken as engineering background, which has various complex problems of the upper-soft and lower-hard composite stratum conditions, twin curve shield tunnels, and underpass the foundation of the piled raft. The deformation characteristics of shield tunnelling passing through buildings are explored. Subsequently, comprehensive research methods of numerical simulation and field measurement are adopted to analyzing the effectiveness of settlement control by using the top grouting technique. The results show that the settlement of the buildings has obvious spatial characteristics, and the hysteresis effect can be obviously observed in soil deformation caused by shield construction. Meanwhile, the two shield constructions can cause repeated disturbances, reducing the soil deformation's hysteresis effect. Moreover, the shield tunnel's differential settlement is too large when a single line passes through, and the shield construction of the outer curve can cause more significant disturbance in the tunnel than the inside curve. Notably, the proposed process control parameters and secondary topgrouting method can effectively control the deformation of the shield tunnel, especially for the long-term deformation.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2013

이 논문은 보일러 운전중에 일어나는 결함요소의 하나인 스케일형성을 감소하기 위한 연구이다. 스케일의 결함은 보일러 튜브의 과열로 보일러 파열에 치명적인 영향을 미치거나, 보일러내부의 수의 순환 불량으로 내부의 물흐름에 영향을 미쳐 내부의 수의 불균등을 가져오기도 한다. 그리고 스케일은 보일러 재료보다 열전달이 되지 않음에 따른 에너지손실도 가져와 지구 온난화의 환경에 영향을 끼친다. 이러한 스케일의 형성을 방지하거나 제거하기 위하여 한국정부에서는 보일러수질관리를 위하여 2005년도에 스케일부착을 방지하거나 제거할 수 있는 장치를 시설하도록 하였다. 이러한 스케일형성 방지 및 제거하기 위한 기법에 관한 연구는 1821년 감자 전분에 의한 스케일형성 감소에 의한 연구를 시작으로 그 후 많은 연구가 있어왔다. 1994년 한국에 러시아 음향연구소의 한 과학자로부터 개발된 초음파 스케일 방지장치가 소개된 이래로 다양한 보일러에 보급되기 시작했다. 초음파 스케일방지 장치가 성능을 발휘할 수 있는 조건을 실증할 필요가 있다. 보일러는 대부분 원형 곡면의 본체와 튜브로 구성 되어 있다. 보일러의 구성 요소 중 스케일결함 가장영향을 많이 미치는 원통형에 대한 실증을 실시하였다. 그 결과 초음파의 일정음압과 주파수에 도달하여야 스케일형성에 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제40권8호
• /
• pp.511-517
• /
• 2016

3차원의 협착 혈관모델을 3D 프린터를 이용하여 제작하였다. 협착부는 관의 중심축에 대하여 대칭인 형태이며, 협착부가 0도인 직관과 10도로 굽어진 관인 두 가지 모델에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 협착모델 내부 속도장을 매질에 대한 왜곡 없이 측정하기 위하여 굴절률일치법을 이용하였다. 정량펌프를 사용하여 발생된 맥동유동은 펌프의 회전속도로 세 가지의 속도조건을 조절하였다. 비정상상태의 속도장은 time-resolved PIV 기법을 이용하여 측정되었다. 주기적인 와류의 생성과 이동은 관 내 최대속도 영역과 관련 있으며, 와류의 크기와 위치 및 대칭성은 레이놀즈수와 관의 기하학적 구조에 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 곡선관에서는 협착부 하류에 재순환 영역이 관찰되며, 이는 혈류역학적 관점에서 혈전의 형성과 침착 가능성을 설명해준다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제55권5호
• /
• pp.541-548
• /
• 2017

A survey was performed to know the infection status of echinostome metacercariae in Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata snails from Korea. Total 75 snails collected in 5 localities, i.e., Imsil-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Hwasun-gun and Shinan-gun (Aphae and Jido), Jeollanam-do, and Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, were examined for metacercariae by the artificial digestion method. Infection rates of metacercariae were 80.0%, 66.7%, 100%, 60.0%, and 73.3%, and their densities were 39, 32, 183, 19, and 30 per snail infected, respectively. The metacercariae were round, $105-118{\times}105-118{\mu}m$ in size, with a thin cyst wall, collar spines on the head collar, and excretory granules in 2 canals of excretory tube. Adult flukes were elongated, ventrally curved, and $5,167{\times}939{\mu}m$ in average size. Head collar distinct, bearing 45 collar spines with 5 end groups on each side. Oral sucker subterminal, pharynx well developed, and esophagus somewhat short. Cirrus sac well developed, with a saccular seminal vesicle, and ventral sucker very large. Ovary elliptical and on the median line of the body. Testes tandem and slightly lobed. Eggs operculated, elliptical, and $90-103{\times}55-60{\mu}m$ in size. By scanning electron microscopy, the head collar was prominent with 45 collar spines resembling horns of younger stags. Scale-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the body surface between the head collar and ventral sucker. Conclusively, it has been first confirmed that the life cycle of E. macrorchis is indigenously maintained in Korea, and C. chinensis malleata snails are popularly infected with the metacercariae of this echinostome.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한용접접합학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회 초록집
• /
• pp.43-46
• /
• 2010

As the nuclear power plant has been constructed continuously for several decades in Korea, the welding technology for components manufacturing and installation has been improved largely. Standardization for weld test and qualification was also established systematically according to the concerned code. The welding for the main components requires the high reliability to keep the constant quality level, which means the repeatability of weld quality. Therefore the weld process qualified by thorough test and evaluation is able to be applied for manufacturing. Narrow gap SAW and GTAW process are usually applied for girth seam welding of pressure vessel like Reactor vessel, steam generator, and etc. For the surface cladding with stainless steel and Inconel material, strip welding process is mainly used. Inside cladding of nozzles is additionally applied with Hot wire GTAW and semi-auto welding process. Especially the weld joint having elliptical weld line on curved surface needs a specialized weld system which is automatically rotating with adjusting position of the head torch. The small sized pipe, tube, and internal parts of reactor vessel requests precise weld processes like an automatic GTAW and electron beam welding. Welding of dissimilar materials including Inconel690 material has high possibility of weld defects like a lack of fusion, various types of crack. To avoid these kinds of problem, optimum weld parameters and sequence should be set up through the many tests. As the life extension of nuclear power plant is general trend, weld technologies having higher reliability is required gradually. More development of specialized welding systems, weld part analysis and evaluation, and life prediction for main components should be taken into a consideration extensively.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2005

후면투사방식의 CRT(Cathod Ray Tube) 고화질 텔레비젼용 광학엔진은 큰 화면과 굽은 필드 때문에 일반적인 전방검사 MTF(modulation transfer function)로는 측정이 어렵다. 이러한 광학엔진의 MTF를 측정하기 위하여 광학엔진이 놓인 물체면과 상분석기의 위치를 서로 바꾸는 후방검사 MTF방법을 제안하고 이에 따른 MTF 측정장비를 구성하였다. 이러한 CRT HDTV용 광학엔진을 위한 후방검사 MTF측정법은 작은 수치개구(NA), 낮은 분해능, 긴 초점심도들 때문에 정밀도가 낮아지는 전방검사 MTF 측정법보다 사용하기가 훨씬 더 좋으며, 정렬이 매우 용이하고 측정반복성이 매우 좋다. 이 방법으로 측정한 MTF값과 설계된 MTF를 비교함으로써 이 방법의 신뢰성을 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.671-684
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical sealing ability, overfilling and obturation of lateral canals using two gutta-percha techniques: Thermafil obturators and cold lateral condensation. Eighty numbered epoxide blocks with one major and five lateral canals were divided into four experimental groups and obturated according to experimental groups. Four experimental groups were as follows: Group 1 : Filling with Thermafil plastic obturators and sealer(ThermaSeal) Group 2 : Filling with Thermafil plastic obturators only, without sealer(ThermaSeal) Group 3 : Fillng using lateral condensation with sealer(AH-26) Group 4 : Fillng using lateral condensation without sealer(AH-26) All the blocks were stored in 100% relative humidor at room temperature for 7 days. Each block was placed in centrifuge tube filled with India ink, and then centrifuged for 20 minutes at 3,000 rpm. Apical leakage was measured from the apical foramen to the most coronal level of dye penetration in millimeter under a stereoscope. The length of gutta-percha and sealer in each of the lateral canals was measured, too. The presence or absence of overfilling of gutta-percha and sealer was recorded. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The obtained results were as follows: l. Apical dye leakage was almost: not occurred in Group Willed with Thermafil and sealer) and Group 3(filled using lateral condensation with sealer), and there was no significant difference in linear leakage between two groups(p>0.01). 2. In both Thermafil and lateral condensation groups, linear leakage of Group I, 3(filled with sealer) was less than that of Group 2, 4(filled without sealer), and there was no significant difference in linear leakage between Group 1, 2, 3(p> 0.01). 3. Overfilling during obturation of Group 1, 2(filled with Thermafil) was more than Group 3, 4(filled using lateral condensation), and there was no significant difference between groups(p> 0.05). 4. Groups filled with Thermafil had significantly more gutta-percha than groups filled using lateral condensation in all lateral canals(p <0.01), the total length of gutta-percha and sealer found in all lateral canals were similar in Group 1 and Group 3.