• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.615-621
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• 1999

In spite many evidences has supported the cardioprotective effect of bradykinin, its direct effects at the cell level are still under question. We investigated the both effects of bradykinin (BK) on $Ca^{2+}-related$ ionic currents using whole cell voltage clamp technique in rabbit cardiomyocytes and on the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ transient using calcium sensitive fluorescence dye, indo-1AM. Simultaneously with recording intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ transients, cell contractility was estimated from the changes in length of the electrical stimulated rat cardiac myocytes. L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current decreased by bradykinin at the entire voltage range. Inward tail current increased initially up to its maximum about 4 min after exposing myocytes to BK, and then gradually decreased again by further exposure to BK. This tail current decreased remarkably at washing BK off but slowly recovered ca. 20 min later. The change in cell contractility was similar to that in tail current showing initial increase followed by gradual decrease. Removal of BK brought remarkable decrease in contractility, which was recovered $15{\sim}20$ min after cessation of electrical stimulation. Bradykinin increased $Ca^{2+}$ transient initially but after some time $Ca^{2+}$ transient also decreased coincidentally with contractility. From these results, it is suggested that bradykinin exerts directly its cardioprotective effect on the single myocytes by decreasing the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level followed by an initial increase in $Ca^{2+}$ transient.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.199-201
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• 2007

This paper presents the installation of measuring system for the transient behaviors of grounding system impedances using portable impulse current generator. The measuring system is controller, with controller, power supply, impulse current generator and data aquisition system. In the evaluation of the impulse response in a ground electrode, the step response is calculated based on the ratio of the voltage and current observed.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.185-191
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• 2003

In this Paper, we propose an accurate and stable solution of the transient electromagnetic response from three-dimensional arbitrarily shaped conducting objects by using a time domain magnetic field integral equation. This method does not utilize the conventional marching-on in time (MOT) solution. Instead we solve the time domain integral equation by expressing the transient behavior of the induced current in terms of temporal expansion functions with decaying exponential functions and Laguerre·polynomials. Since these temporal expansion functions converge to zero as time progresses, the transient response of the induced current does not have a late time oscillation and converges to zero unconditionally. To show the validity of the proposed method, we solve a time domain magnetic field integral equation for three closed conducting objects and compare the results of Mie solution and the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) of the solution obtained in the frequency domain.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.10
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• pp.1748-1753
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• 2010

This paper suggests an improved technique to establish the modeling regarding steady and transient state on three phase-in one cryostat type HTS(High Temperature Superconducting) cable. The proposed modeling is established using EMTP/ATPDraw and TACS and MODELS provided by that. It has higher accuracy than the conventional method, as the actual HTS cable is modelled. Steady and transient state analysis performed by EMTP/ATPDraw calculate the current of conductor, shield and former, respectively. In case of the transient state modeled quench state occurred by a single line-to-ground fault, current of conductor shield and former are also calculated, respectively. Especially, various fault resistances and angles are considered to improve the reliability during transient state analysis. Analysis results reveal that the proposed technique improves the accuracy of modeling.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.43-43
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• 1998

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.537-546
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• 2013

Deiters' cells are the supporting cells in organ of Corti and are suggested to play an important role in biochemical and mechanical modulation of outer hair cells. We successfully isolated functionally different $K^+$ currents from Deiters' cells of guinea pig using whole cell patch clamp technique. With high $K^+$ pipette solution, depolarizing step pulses activated strongly outward rectifying currents which were dose-dependently blocked by clofilium, a class III anti-arrhythmic $K^+$ channel blocker. The remaining outward current was transient in time course whereas the clofilium-sensitive outward current showed slow inactivation and delayed rectification. Addition of 5 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) further blocked the remaining current leaving a very fast inactivating transient outward current. Therefore, at least three different types of $K^+$ current were identified in Deiters' cells, such as fast activating and fast inactivating current, fast activating slow inactivating current, and very fast inactivating transient outward current. Physiological role of them needs to be established.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.405-408
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• 2004

In this work, Analytical model for voltage and current characteristics of NPT(Non-PunchThrough) IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) was represented. voltage and current characteristics models were based on prediction on power loss of NPT IGBT during transient condition. For Analytical current model, excess carrier concentration and accumulated charge in active base width was analyzed with time variance. Analytical models were simulated by varying lifetime of excess minority carrier.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.347-352
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• 2005

The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors and some types of inhibitory receptors in dissociated rod bipolar cell (RBC) were investigated. In the whole cell voltage-clamping mode, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activated current showed both sustained and transient components. GABA activated transient current was fully blocked by bicuculine, a $GABA_A$ receptor antagonist. The cis-4-aminocrotonic acid (CACA), a $GABA_C$ receptor agonist, evoked the sustained current that was not blocked by bicuculline (BIC). Glycine activated the transient current. These results indicate that the RBCs possess $GABA_A$, $GABA_C$, and glycine inhibitory receptors. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO analogue, reduced the currents activated by $GABA_A$ receptor only, however, did not reduce the currents activated by either $GABA_C$ or glycine receptors. This study signifies further that only NO depresses the fast inhibitory response activated by $GABA_A$ receptor in RBC. We, therefore, postulate that NO might depress the light-on/off transient inhibitory responses in RBCs in the rat retina.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.136-143
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• 2007

A improved current controller with reference modification part that has both fast transient response in transient state and high accuracy in steady state is proposed. In this scheme, a improved reference modification part is used to synchronous frame PI controller for the fast transient state. The transient response of current controller is seriously deteriorated in high back e.m.f.(electromotive force) due to the lack of DC link control voltage. This paper is proposed that the improved reference modification part is compared with voltage limit and reference voltage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2012

When typical Z-source DC/AC inverter(ZSI) is operated in high voltage gain area, because of its high duty ratio, voltage and current stress in Z-network of typical ZSI are increased. This paper proposes a new switched trans ZSI(STZSI) with two switched trans cells which consist of one trans and two diodes. To confirm the operation performance of the proposed system, the PSIM simulation is performed for typical ZSI, switched inductor ZSI and the proposed STZSI. Voltage / current stress and transient state characteristics of each method are compared under the condition of DC input voltage 100[V] and output phase voltage 66[Vrms]. As a result, we confirmed that transient state of the proposed STZSI is short compared with the conventional ZSI because the high voltage gain is obtained using the same duty ratio, also a low duty ratio is required for the same output voltage. Finally, we could know the proposed system have low voltage and current stress in Z-network compared with the conventional ZSI.