• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.448-452
• /
• 1997

Sensory and physical qualities and palatable compounds of cultured flounder muscle were compared with the wild ones. No differences were seen in the contents of the moisture, lipid, protein between cultured and wild dorsal muscles, however, sensory panels preferred the wild fish to cultured ones because of the texture and taste of wild fish, and they could differentiate the degree of difference in the texture and taste property distinctly. Raw meat of the wild fish was harder and more elastic than the cultured ones, however, the cultured meat was harder and drier than the wild ones once they were cooked. The results of physical properties were similar to the results of sensory evaluation. Alanine was the most abundant compound among the free amino acids which make meat palatable and followed by glutamic acid, proline, methionine, and glycine. There was no difference in total content of free amino acids between two fish muscles. ATP was the most abundant among all nucleotides and their related compounds in both fish muscles followed by IMP, ADP, AMP, however, the total content of those was greater in wild fish muscle (9.4 ${\mu}$mole/g) than in cultured fish muscle (6.7 ${\mu}$mole/g).

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.1715-1723
• /
• 2016

The heat extracts of six kinds of medicinal herbs (Scutellaria baicalensis, Sophora flavescens, Citrus unshiu pericarpium, Lonicera japonica, Perilla frutescens, Benincasa hispida) were tested for non-specific immune response and disease resistance effects related with fish diseases on olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The preventive effects of 6 herbal mixtures against bacterial disease on cultured flounder were examined follow as feeding EP absorbed with the heat extract of six kinds of medicinal herbs. For feeding trial for 12th week, weight gain and serum analysis of fish fed various groups were not significant differences. Lysozyme activity of the 0.01 % treated group on 4th week showed significant increase. Histopathology of the administrated group for feeding period showed no particular signs of tissue degeneration. At 0.01% oral experimental group, relative percent survival (RPS) were only 50% to 75% for four weeks and eight weeks group by intraperitoneal injection with E. tarda. The results suggest that heat extracts of six kinds of medicinal herbs (0.01%) would be effective to enhance the nonspecific immunity and protective ability of olive flounder against fish pathogen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.174-179
• /
• 2000

The nitrogenous compounds in the muscle extracts of cultured and wild olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceous, were analyzed. The analyzed coumpounds were extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, oligopeptides, ATP and its related ompounds, quaternary ammonium bases, and guanidino compounds. The distribution pattern of these compounds in cultured and wild fish was found to be very similar. Although the ATP and its related compounds and creatine in the muscle of cultured fish were slightly abundant than those in the muscle of wild one, the extractive nitrogen, total free amino acid, oligopeptides, and TMAO were found to be slightly rich in the muscle of wild fish than those in the muscle of cultrued one. The moisture content of cultured fish was relatively lower but the protein and fat contents of cultured one were higher than those of wild fish. However the differences in the proximate composition, extractive nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds between two fishes were not significantly different.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the muscle quality of the olive flounder fed on extruded pellet (EP) diets compared with a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in a commercial scale for a year. The sensory and physical qualities and palatable compounds were compared for evaluation of muscle quality in fish. Four diets were formulated for this experiment: two experimental EP diets (EP 1 and 2), one commercial EP diet (CEP) and MP diet. Crude lipid of fish fed EP1 and EP2 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of fish fed CEP, but not significantly different from that of fish fed MP (P>0.05). In the palatable compounds, the free amino acids composition were much alike in that of all the diets. Proline, glycine and alanine from fish fed diet EPs were the most abundant compound among amino acid compositions. There was little difference in the free amino acid compositions of all flounder from localities and the growing conditions between wild and cultured fishes. Taurine of fish fed EP1 was dominantly high over that of fish fed EP2, CEP and MP. In all nucleotides and their related compounds, ATP and IMP from fish fed EP diets were higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed MP. In the sensory score, overall-acceptability of fish fed EP2 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of fish fed EP1, CEP and MP. Hardness of physical properties from fish fed EP2 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed CEP (P<0.01). These results strongly suggest that diets EP could be developed to replace MP diet for the grow-out stage of olive flounder without adverse effect on growth performance.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.221-226
• /
• 2009

Six microsatellite DNA markers were used to investigate the genetic variability between wild populations and cultured stocks of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The average of observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.722 to 0.959, and from 0.735 to 0.937, respectively. There was no distinguishable difference between the wild populations and cultured stocks in terms of the observed and expected heterozygosities. However, number of alleles per locus differed markedly between the two fish groups: 19.7 to 21.8 for the wild populations and 12.0 to 14.7 for the cultured stocks. This result gives important information concerning the production of seedling for the improvement of genetic diversity in this species.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2007

The epidemiological study was performed to survey the prevalence of bacterial disease of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus from October, 2004 to August, 2006 in Korea. A total of 1,271 of fish samples were collected at random includes fish exhibiting clinical signs of the disease in question. The total 331 samples among 738 cases of infectious diseases were infected with 366 bacteria isolates including Vibrio spp. (42.1%), Streptococcus spp. (16.9%), Edwardsiella tarda (12.3%), Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (8.2%), Pseudomonas spp. (2.2%) or others (18.3%). Vibrio spp. and P. damselae subsp. damselae were continually isolated through all seasons but Streptococcus spp. and E. tarda were mainly isolated from May to November. The 206 cases were showed mixed infection with other bacteria (3.6%), parasites (31.4%) or virus (41.7%); Vibrio spp. (n=21), Streptococcus spp. (n=13), Trichodina (n=76), Scutica (n=31), VNNV (n=112), VHSV (n=46).

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 2010

The epidemiological study was performed to survey the prevalence of fish pathogens in cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus from 2005 to 2007. In this study, the fish pathogens were detected from 1,528 among 2,238 fish samples collected yearly in 5 sites from February, May, August and November. Annual incidences for three years show a yearly increase and there were 60.6% in 2005, 66.7% in 2006 and 72.3% in 2007, respectively. Seasonal prevalence was 63.5% in February, 67.4% in May, 75.1% in August and 64.4% in November for three years. The detection rates of 6 viral pathogens were 35.6% in 2005, 44.6% in 2006 and 24.4% in 2007 and the peak rate was 55.4% at adult size group (above 41cm). Viral nervous necrosis virus (24.7%) has been the most predominant virus in this investigation, while much lower rates were noted in viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (10.6%) and red sea bream iridovirus (0.9%).

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.369-377
• /
• 2010

The epidemiological study was performed to survey the prevalence of fish pathogens of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus collected in Pohang, Ulsan.Gijang, Keoje and Wando area of Korea from 2005 to 2007. In this study, the fish pathogens were detected from 1,528 among 2,238 fish samples and annual incidences were 60.6% in 2005, 66.7% in 2006 and 72.3% in 2007, respectively. Seasonal prevalence was 63.5% in February, 67.3% in May, 75.1% in August and 64.2% in November for three years. The detection rates of parasites, bacteria or viruses were 36.7%, 32.8% and 31.4%, respectively. 775 cases (34.6%) among 2,238 fish samples showed mixed infection with a different pathogens. The distribution of specific diseases showed that detection rates of diseases occurring the most frequently during the study period were Trichodina spp., (28.2%), viral nervous necrosis virus (24.3%), Vibrio (11.6%), viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (10.5%).

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2015

The pharmacokinetic properties and residue levels of amoxicillin (AMOX) were studied after intramuscular injection to cultured olive flounders ($100{\pm}50g$), Paralichthys olivaceus. For pharmacokinetic studies, AMOX of 20 to 80 mg/kg body weight was administered at $17{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ or $22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and AMOX concentrations were determined in plasma, the liver, and the kidney by HPLC-UVD. Plasma samples were assessed at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168 hours post-dose, whereas liver and kidney concentrations were measured at 0.25 to 48 hours post-dose. The kinetic profiles of AMOX were analyzed by fitting to a 2-compartmental model with PKSolver program. The following parameters were obtained for a single dosage of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg of body weight at $22^{\circ}C$ and 20 and 40 mg/kg of body weight at $17^{\circ}C$ in plasma, liver and kidney, respectively: $C_{max}$ (the peak concentration)= $27.23-257.36{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $5.49-41.65{\mu}g/g$, $16.75-129.31{\mu}g/g$; $t_{max}$ (the time for peak concentration)= 0.05-0.91, 1.36-3.28, 1.95-4.49 h. For residue studies, AMOX of 40 and 400mg/kg was administered, and muscle samples were taken at 2, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days post-dose. The residueof AMOX in the muscle were found under the MRLs (maximum residue levels) within 7 days for the two doses.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2011

The amino acid sequence of glycoprotein of Korean VHSV isolate (KR'01-1) was analyzed using the DNAStar Protean system. Based on the flexibility, hydrophilicity, antigenic index and surface probability, three regions (Gp1, Gp2 and Gp3) were selected as potential antigenic determinants. Three oligopeptides containing the amino acid sequences of the three regions were synthesized and polyclonal antibodies were raised against them. The activities of the antibodies were analyzed by Western blotting and virus neutralization test. The results showed that antibodies raised against oligopeptides Gp1 and Gp2 neutralized the infectivity of VHSV, suggesting that they can be possible candidates for subunit vaccines against VHS diseases in olive flounder.