• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.46-56
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• 2002

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the Culture.Welfare.Administration Complex of Yongin-City which was held by Yongin-City in December, 2001. The site is located at 68-19 Yukbuck-dong, Yongin-City, Kyunggi-do and has an area of 236,449$m^2$. The judging criteria for landscape design set by the Yongin-City could be articulated as follows: an environment friendly design respecting the surrounding environment, a locale as a community center of Yongin-City, a resting place for the welfare of employees and visitors, and finally a place with diverse landscape elements reflecting the individual identity of each facility. This proposal chose the main design concept of this project as‘Nature meets City'. A grove of pine trees fragments the multi building complex, so that‘nature'was brought into the‘city'. A double ground system was introduced to respect the existing topography and to enhance the efficency of the land. This design proposal consists of four segments. Each segment has its own design theme. Outdoor space of this multi-purpose complex was designed with themes of nature, culture, welfare and administration. Space composition with grid and natural looking curvilinear lines was a design motive for this complex. The nature oriented planting design was introduced to respect the existing groves of Mt. Suksung. Specific species were chosen to follow its own spatial character in each space. An environmental sculpture called‘Dream Soaring'was placed in the middle of‘Citizen Plaza'. Its light and feather-looking shape symbolizes the vision of Youngin-City. At night people can watch the diverse color changes on its mirror-like surface.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 2017

Purpose - Since Korean distribution market was opened, the domestic environment in department stores has been changed by the pattern of consumption and consumer need based on income classes. As multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) accelerates opening markets, the scale of circulating capital has become bigger. Large-scale commercial facilities have developed quickly as a form of a large shopping center, thus, the matter of choice and securing market area became an important valuable in this trend. Moreover, multi-complex space has been proposed as the goal of successful business with promoting the public benefit. Research design, data, and methodology - This research studied consumer behavior using data about the life style and sales of consumers, not statistical data or survey as previous studies. This research tried to find the differentiation in complex cultural space with consumption behavior of department store. Results - As the structure of society and culture was getting diverse and complex, economic growth and development with such diversity and complexity improved consumers' quality of life. The changes of consumer life style are quite natural like human instinct. Department stores have activated retail business with the products of accumulated technology. Moreover, they have created the space of consumption and culture. Because of these social and environmental changes, department stores are being developed as Multi-functional spaces as well as sale places considering the strategies of department and the changes of consumers' purchasing behaviors. Conclusions - Urban culture complex is a landmark standing for the culture era of 21st century. It has provided an opportunity for consumers to enjoy culture, and has been an important factor to improve company images. Based on these roles and needs, expectancy effects are related with consumer preference and space preference, and the attitude toward companies. Moreover, the expectancy effects from those relationships are getting bigger and bigger. We should respect nature, a characteristic of Korean architecture, maintain visual continuity that harmonies with nature in the development of the complex space of the domestic department stores, and should take significance in the development of the complex cultural space in the direction of feeling the hierarchy of the space to obtain the visual pleasure with the artificial structure.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.101-114
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• 1974

The fine structure of HeLa cells treated with several mycotoxin-producing fungi (Aspergillus flavus ATCC 15517, Aspergillus parastiticus RIB 1037, Penicillium toxicarium RIB 4002, Penicillium cirinum SWU)238, Penicillium islandicum IFO 5235, Penicillium tadum IFO 5787 and Pencillium brunneum RIB 1172) has been examined and some details have been descried. The normal HeLa cell have numerous microvilli, large ovoid nucleus, pleomorphic mitochondria, electron-dense body, Golgi complex, mid-body and endoplasmic reticulum etc. Certain specific structural changes induced by culture filtrates of several mycotoxin-producing fungi have been noted. These alterations induced disappearance of Golgi complex, rER vacuolization, nucleolus attachment to the nuclear envelope nad appearance of certain vacuoles. There were not any changes by the treatment of culture filtrates of non-toxic fungi and only cell debris of some specimens can be observed by the injury of culture filtrates. The experimental animals treated with mycotoxin-producing fungi (Aspergillus flavus ATCC 15517, Aspergillus parasilicus RIB 1037, Penicillum citrinum SWU 238, Penicillium toxicarium RIB 4002, and Penicillium islandicum IFO 5235) were mal cells treated with culture filtrates.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.16-29
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• 2024

The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex includes many phytopathogenic species, causing anthracnose disease on a wide range of host plants and appearing to be globally distributed. Seventy-one Colletotrichum isolates in the complex from different plants and geographic regions in Korea were preserved in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC). Most of them had been identified based on hosts and morphological features, this could lead to inaccurate species names. Therefore, the KACC isolates were re-identified using DNA sequence analyses of six loci, comprising internal transcribed spacer, gapdh, chs-1, his3, act, and tub2 in this study. Based on the combined phylogenetic analysis, KACC strains were assigned to 12 known species and three new species candidates. The detected species are C. siamense (n = 20), C. fructicola (n = 19), C. gloeosporioides (n = 9), C. aenigma (n = 5), C. camelliae (n = 3), C. temperatum (n = 3), C. musae (n = 2), C. theobromicola (n = 2), C. viniferum (n = 2), C. alatae (n = 1), C. jiangxiense (n = 1), and C. yulongense (n = 1). Of these, C. jiangxiense, C. temperatum, C. theobromicola and C. yulongense are unrecorded species in Korea. Host plant comparisons showed that 27 fungus-host associations are newly reported in the country. However, plant-fungus interactions need to be investigated by pathogenicity tests.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2018

The power train of hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission(HMCVT) for the middle class forklift makes use of an hydro-static unit, hydraulic multi-wet disc brake & clutches and complex helical & planetary gears. The complex helical & planetary gears are a very important part of the transmission because of strength problems. The helical & planetary gears belong to the very important part of the HMCVT's power train where strength problems are the main concerns including the gear bending stress, the gear compressive stress and scoring failures. The present study, calculates specifications of the complex helical & planetary gear train and analyzes the gear bending and compressive stresses of the gears. It is necessary to analyze gear bending and compressive stresses confidently for an optimal design of the complex helical & planetary gears in respect of cost and reliability. This paper not only analyzes actual gear bending and compressive stresses of complex helical & planetary gears using Lewes & Hertz equation, but also verifies the calculated specifications of the complex helical & planetary gears by evaluating the results with the data of allowable bending and compressive stress from the Stress - No. of cycles curves of gears. In addition, this paper explains actual gear scoring and evaluates the possibility of scoring failure of complex helical & planetary gear train of hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission for the forklift.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.299-306
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• 2017

In this paper, the development of differentiated programs for visitors as well as those for teaching, ways on how to make these halls a culture complex that can support diverse cultural activities for citizens, and strategies to increase their utilization for the public as an facility open to the community, given the trend that intangible cultural heritage teaching halls are getting bigger and complex. The intangible cultural heritage teaching halls of it is need to make improvements to the facility for their activation. Therefore In this paper as a collected information on their establishment and administration to find ways for their activation from a user perspective by visiting three intangible cultural heritage teaching halls except Seoul and large cities of metropolitan areas. We expect that findings from the study will provide a basis to set directions to make intangible cultural heritage teaching halls a culture complex facility.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2015

The area of domestic urban design and architecture has established its original characteristics as various programs and functions were created in the drastically changing society. Such features have been presented in a certain type of patterns or unique formations, which demand a gradual development of designs in harmony with the functions and roles of the city and thus designers are forced to continue thinking deeply on this matter in their own perspectives. In particular, such demands are outstandingly high in reality in historical cities such as Andong, which this study works on. As the design contest winner is based on the geographical characteristics and locality, Confucianism and seonbi(Korean classical scholar) spirit, which are regarded as a philosophy of value, how the traditional concepts could be reflected in the plan was the focus of the discussion. The conclusions deduced from such a background include the following. First, it is necessary to make an approach on the basis of the concept in traditional architecture at the complex planning level based on the ideology in the implementation plan that requires traditionality for a complex design with contemporary functions. Second, it is important to approach this as an exploration of a solution to globalize Confucian culture in the future based on the cultural characteristics of the region and the environmental characteristics of the surroundings. Third, beginning from a concept that explains the complex to a concept that explains individual buildings, it is necessary to reflect characteristics in which the realization of a traditional space is planned in three dimensions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.75-86
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• 2004

This study is purposed to setting up collective building for the provincial culture. And this cultural complex will be constructed facilities for geochang-gun residence's need and traditional culture. It is carried out those as follows;(l) it is, first of all, examined architectural factors concerned about an opinion of residence's and demand of geochang-gun; (2) it is, secondly, established location of plot that it is analyzed an alternative proposal considering it's merits and faults;(3) it is, finally, suggested facilities of It's The result of study, A development planning of geochang-gun cultural complex is suggested that it is induced to 'cultural institute', 'traditional succession hall' and 'traditional art center'. It is, Ultimately, focused development of geochang-gun cultural inheritance considering harmony of the new and the old.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.99-126
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effects of multicultural complexes on activating local culture. Prior studies that discuss activating local culture through multicultural complexes focus on literature reviews or quantitative research methods, which do not incorporate the detailed and practical opinions of the users of the location. Therefore, this study collected detailed information through in-depth interviews with users, and investigated the future development methods of multicultural complexes based on the obtained information. It focused on the Asia Culture Center (ACC) in Gwangju, which is considered a prime example of a multicultural complex, and conducted in-depth interviews with citizens who have lived in Gwangju for at least five years as well as visited the ACC to investigate the research question from a detailed perspective. The results revealed that although the citizens of Gwangju have a positive perception of the functions of ACC as a cultural space representing the city that activates the local culture, they perceive it as partially insufficient to be considered a multicultural complex. Major findings included the following: the contents of the ACC do not have a mass appeal, its inflexible hours of operation inconvenience visitors, and the contents available for visitors lack in quantity and quality. Therefore, in order for the ACC to appeal as a successful multicultural complex, it is necessary to cooperate with the members of the community to investigate their needs with respect to the contents and location, and prepare strategic plans to satisfy those needs.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.281-292
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• 2006

Modern cities' paradigm is rapidly changing to evolve into multi-functional spaces including living space, culture, welfare and environment. Therefore, upon these changing needs, the cultural images and the quality control became major issues in this area. This thesis will examine cultural contents development, a successful case-study, and the analysis of complex space development plan. Thereby each development case in cultural contents area will be extracted and it will seek to find out how they could make a complex cultural space. Moreover, the role and boundary of each Project Management case and Project Manager will be analyzed. The analysis showcases the importance of comprehensive and systematic management system. As a result, along with the recognition of the strong ground for Project Management and Project Manager, comprehensive planand the most effective management system for various complex cultural space development plans would be PM application which is expected to be new alternatives to improve complex space development quality.