• 비교문화연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.331-358
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• 2013

This paper looks into several aspects of linguistic behaviors attested in Korean and American English corpora. A special attention is paid to the areas of politeness phenomena, terms of address, power and solidarity, practice of flattery, and closely-related non-linguistic behaviors such as tipping and gift-giving conventions. An analysis of the data reveals that Korean society remains very much superior-oriented, non-egalitarian, non-democratic despite the pride and sense of accomplishment among the populace that the nation has achieved a satisfactory level of democracy. In particular, the following facts in Korean and the Korean society are exposed by an examination of the data: ${\bullet}$ There is a notional gap of positive politeness ${\bullet}$ Superiors enjoy an unfair advantage in the power and solidarity system ${\bullet}$ The terms of address system is set up to make a clear distinction between levels and the terms of address, in turn, dictate norms of expected behavior ${\bullet}$ The notion and practice of flattery heavily favors superiors ${\bullet}$ Non-linguistic acts of gift-giving and tipping are consistent with the examined social interactions As a result, all the benefits, emotional as well as material, are garnered by superiors. These facts may reflect the real Korea that people are used to being comfortable with, a pre-modern, feudalistic society, something akin to its kin in the north. We may proclaim that we aspire to a more democratic society. However, it appears Koreans, deep inside, may have been seeking a powerful dictator all along. These findings help provide a partial but insightful clue to the political puzzle: why Koreans grew uncomfortable with an egalitarian and democratic president and could not save him, but instead replaced him with a succession of a corrupted businessman and the authoritarian daughter of a former dictator. The flight to democracy has stalled in midair, not quite making the grade yet. There is plenty of linguistic evidence in Korean.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권36호
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• pp.11-32
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• 2015

문화재 수리, 복원재료 및 회화용으로 사용되는 천연광물성 무기안료인 석청의 물리적 특성을 연구하였다. 본 연구를 위해 시중에서 유통되고 있는 청색계열의 안료(KA-한국, JA, JB, JC-일본, CA, CB, CC-중국)를 선정하였다. 연구에 앞서 XRD, XRF분석을 통하여 안료의 결정구조 및 조성을 확인하였으며, 본 연구에 사용된 안료는 Azurite가 주원료임이 확인되었다. 조성물을 확인한 안료는 입도, 색도, 비중, 흡유량 등 물리적 특성을 평가하였으며, 입도에 따른 물리적 특성의 변화를 확인하였다. 안료는 입도가 작아짐에 따라 명도는 커지고, 청색도는 커지다가 다시 작아지는 특성이 있으며, KA가 안료번호에 따라 가장 잘 분급되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 비중은 입자크기가 커질수록 커지고, 흡유량은 입자크기가 작아질수록 커졌다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 안료의 기초적인 물리적 특성을 규명하고 나아가 문화재 수리, 복원에 선택적으로 사용하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.204-219
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• 2015

최근 유엔을 비롯한 국제사회가 세계 각지에서 나타나는 정치 군사적 갈등을 완화하고 문명 간 충돌을 해소하기 위해서 '문화 간 화해(Rapprochement of Cultures)'를 적극 추진하고 있는데, 이 과정에서 고대 문명 간 교역 루트로 기능했던 '실크로드'가 재조명 되고 있다. 이것은 문명 간 대화와 교류의 장으로써 고대로부터 실크로드 교역의 중심에 위치하였던 중앙아시아에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 것과도 궤를 같이하는 것이다. 광활한 영토에 흩어져 살고 있는 다양한 민족의 생활 방식이 전해지고 있는 중앙아시아지역에서 '살아있는 유산'으로 불리는 무형의 문화유산을 많이 접할 수 있는 것이 놀라운 일은 아니다. 더욱이 초원을 따라 끊임없이 이동하며 생활하는 유목문화가 퍼져있는 이 지역은 조상 대대로 내려오는 전통적인 관습과 생활에 대한 지혜가 주로 구전 전승되어 왔기 때문에 무형유산을 발굴하고 재해석 하는 일이 지역의 민족적 정체성과도 관련된 매우 중요한 일로 여겨지고 있다. 그러나 현실은 지난 70여 년간의 소비에트 체제의 여파로 인해 많은 유산이 전승단절 위기에 처해있다. 다행히도, 독립 이후에 중앙아시아 지역의 국가들 사이에서 민족의 정체성을 회복하려는 노력의 일환으로 무형유산을 부흥시키려는 욕구가 커지고 있다. 그렇지만 문화 분야의 국가적 지원이 부족하여 어려움을 겪고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이 글에서는 무형유산 개념이 보급되면서 중앙아시아 지역에서 나타나고 있는 여러 현상을 살펴보고, 필자가 몸담고 있는 센터와 중앙아시아 국가들이 최근 6년 동안 진행한 네트워크 사업 활동에 관한 경험과 그 성과에 대해 이야기하고자 한다. 또한, 중장기적 관점에서 이 지역의 무형유산 협력을 어떻게 이해하고 발전시켜야 할지에 관한 문제제기와 함께 이에 대한 필자의 짧은 소견을 덧붙이고자 한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.124-134
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• 2011

The space has been interpreted from various perspectives, such as hierarchical, cultural, economic, political factors, etc. So we can see the space as a social existence. Space is now being formed through the dialectical relations of these elements. From this point of view, this study started to research the spatial practice of morden people through the case in the early 20th century film. With the discourse of Henri Lefebvre and David Harvey, and Michel de Certeau's theory, this research tried to find the mechanisms of spatial practice. Also Benjamin is a philosopher who intervenes the relationship between modernity and cultural production and his way of reading cultural phenomena seems to serve as the useful methodology of cultural studies. Modern people were individual unawared of the era, awakened to the ego. They were wandering the room and the street, private and public places. They were city dwellers walking around, collecting goods, and living of everyday life. Spatial practice is a fixed activity and have continuity. spatial practice appeared in the early 20th century film is at the intersection of social practices and the practice of everyday life. Social practices are a fixed practice and continuous practice. The practices of everyday life are nomadic practice and amusable practice. Modern people accommodate and adapt to a given space of the city through fixed practice. They realizes the access and the distance from spaces through continuous practice. They select and approved the spaces through nomadic practice. And they possess exclusively and utilize the spaces through amusable practice. Through These research spatial practices, it could easily found similarities and differences between modern space on the early 20th century and contemporary space of 21st century. True modern is not the past but the present.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Korea has a dark age in terms of culture in the last 20th century. Korea had been struggling between the Great Powers of the world in the imperialism and had sacrifice to keep our own culture itself. Japanese imperialist's a invasion, culture liquidation by Japan, Independence from Japan, Korean war and Influence by US are major bitter historical affair after close of Chosun Dynasty in the process of modernization. Therefore Korea couldn't stay in the center of world cultural core parts and was degraded as cultural consumption country which was provided oversea culture by other countries. Then Korea couldn't develop our unique traditional idea and culture. In the meantime there are both extreme phenomena; one is expulsion of other cultures absolutely and the other is only following western culture unconditionally like trimming policy in the end of colony age. These discreet and unfiltered western culture had been influenced Korea culture over the wide range strongly and resulted in cultural colony situation to produce western imitation culture without philosophy and traditional spirit. Even though Korea has met opportunity in the culture, we called "Han Trend", no formation of own culture is main reason for psychological panic. Korea furniture design is one of parts of lost of tradition culture and typical parts in reproducing western imitation culture. As a result furniture industry's major reason for loss value as exporting industry compared to other industries result in most of the furniture products without our unique identity. This situation become more deepen unfortunately. This report would like to suggest the direction of design with global competition capability and cultural identity to boost Korean furniture design industry by comparing, analyzing and speculating between design of Chosun dynasty and philosophy of modernism in western.

• 농촌계획
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2018

This study comprehends that the landscape of Ipsan Village is the accumulated output of the landscape management and social behavior by the historic personages through the reference research and field surveys. And the study sorted out the over-layered landscape characteristics of Ipsan Village by analyzing the dispersed landscape elements as follows. First, right before the start of Japanese invasions to Korea(1592-98), Tamjin(耽津) An(安) Family moved into Ipsan and started establishing the a single clan village. At a site with mountain background and facing the water(背山臨水), the village used to be a typical farming one with an organically planned road-system and housing area following the traditional order. However, the landscape has changed drastically since the 20th century with the construction of banks, roads and readjustment of arable land etc. Second, the original landscape, which can be figured out through the 'Gosanjaesibyukgyeong(高山齋十六景)' in the 18th century, shows its harmony with natural landscape: mountain & valley, stream & field, traditional trees, etc, cultural landscape: village, well, spring, etc, and momentary landscape: seasons, time, weather phenomena, sound, behavior, etc. Third, based on the second, 16 natural landscape elements: mountain & stream, planting, etc. and 25 cultural landscape elements: housing spaces, self-cultivation & ceremony spaces, community spaces and modern education & enlightenment spaces were selected and interpreted as landscaping meanings. Fourth, the over-layered landscape which stems from the compositive functions and inter-connectivity of landscape elements which consists Ipsan Village is regarded as 'Natural geographical and Fungsu landscape', 'Rural production and livelihood landscape', 'Confucian ceremony and symbolic landscape' and 'Modern education and enlightenment landscape.'

• 복식
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.18-31
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• 2016

This study examined the consumption of licensed sports fashion products by sports fans in order to provide useful information to apparel companies that are interested in sports sponsorship marketing. Grounded theory approach was adopted to explore consumers' attitude toward the sponsoring companies, and motives of buying licensed fashion products. In-depth interviews were conducted with female fans of professional baseball clubs. The main phenomena of interest was consumer purchase of licensed fashion product, with the emphasis on cultural consumption as a causal condition. Providing support for victory, vicarious consumption, social identification, and needs to differentiate were identified as strategies related to licensed product purchase. Economic situations and limitations to purchase are identified as the mediating conditions. The study identified the effects of the consumption on the fan as well as the sponsoring companies as consequences of the phenomena. Sports marketing strategies were suggested for apparel companies based on the analysis of the consumption rituals for licensed fashion goods.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.287-299
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• 2002

Post-modernism exists with different shapes in overall cultural phenomena. Among the creative methods of composing post-modernism, there are representation, parody, plural coding, trans avant-garde etc. Summing up the influence of creative method of post-modernism on modem fashion led to the following results. 1. The phenomenon appears that value and valuelessness are easily reversed, and things with historical and traditional meanings are being ignored. 2. The boundary between higher culture and public culture is being disorganized, and mixed imitation phenomenon ignoring the differences between male and female is emerging 3. The mental and historial aspects in fashion pattern are highly thought of and the trend to understand human body from the various angles emerges. 4. In the consumer-oriented society, it appears in the form of meanings to achieve the self-achievement in individual life, to express one's idea and desire in the esthetical point of views. 5. It shows that through arranging the striking things and the distorted things, it takes the compromised method of re-appreciating the existing ideas. The phenomena in the post-modernism occurring in fashion design forced the concept of the uniformed existing fashion to be changed, creating a various fashions. That can just be called the dehumanization trend in the era of post-modernism, which is the most important formative feature in modern fashion.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2004년도 학술발표회
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• pp.204-208
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• 2004

In the forthcoming 21C, the barometer of cultural lives depends on that the water demand will increase or not. On the opposite site of that, the small watersheds will influence directly on how to cover the surface of watersheds with land use, no planning developing watersheds, and the rearrangement of small rivers. Espacially as the exordinary climatic phenomena, water resources and water content of the small watersheds will be confused oil exactly not to make a plan of water resources. This study area has four small watersheds groups in Gangwon-Do Province, that is, group I five small river watersheds including Changchoncheon etc., group II fiver rivers watersheds including to Hwalsanmogicheon etc., group III five small river watersheds including Singicheon etc., group IV including to Sabulanggolcheon etc. According to the land use such as dry field(or farm), ice field, forest land, building lot arid others, in small watersheds, the amount of runoff will be impacted by precipitation. The comparison between the runoff was getting from Kajiyama Formular and calculated runoff from multi-linear regressed equations by land use percentage was performed. Its correlation which was estimated by coefficient of correlation will be accepted or not, as approched 1.00000 values. As the monthly water resources amount is estimated by multi-linear regressed equations, we make a plan to demand and supply the water quantity from small river watersheds during any return periods.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.261-277
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• 2009

이 논문은 인지메카니즘으로부터 도출된 새로운 영재에 대한 정의를 제시하고 있다. 그 메커니즘은 인지구성요소들이 기능적으로 어떻게 서로 관련되어 있고 어떻게 서로 협동적으로 작용하여 사회적 환경에 다양한 인지현상들을 창조해 내는가를 설명하고 있다. 저자는 보편적이고 통일된 정의를 위해서는 영재성이 사회적 문화적 상황에 존재하는 모든 인지현상들의 원인적 존재인 인간의 인지메카니즘에서 이해되어야 한다고 주장한다. 인지메카니즘에서 도출된 영재의 개념에 의하면 영재는 전체 세계에 대한 단순하고 근본적인 분야 통합적 지식을 형성하는 능력이다. 새로 도출된 영재의 개념에 따른 영재성 판별 방법도 제시했다.