• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.3 s.82
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• pp.226-232
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• 1997

The mycelium was isolated from the fruiting body of Tricholoma matsutake collected from Mt. Namsan, Kyongju and it was named as Tricholoma matsutake DGUM 26001. For the mycelial growth of T. matsutake DGUM 26001, the complex media, yeast-malt extract medium and Czapek-Dox medium supplemented with yeast extract, were excellent. The media such as nutrient glucose medium, mushroom complex medium, and Tricholoma matsutake medium (TMM), were effective. However, There was no a mycelial growth in the media used for bacterial cultivation such as colombia medium, brain heart infusion medium, Luria-Bertani medium supplemented with glucose, and brucella medium. When carbohydrate as a carbon and energy source was supplemented in the TMM medium for the mycelial growth, starch as a polysaccharide was best. As a disaccharide, trehalose and maltose were excellent. Sorbitol, xylitol and glucose were excellent carbon sources of monosaccharose. When the mycelia were cultivated for 30 days at $24^{\circ}C$ in the TMM supplemented with 2.0% starch, the dry weight of the mycelia harvested was 8.85 g/L. When organic acid was given as a carbon source, only succinic acid was utilized. As a vitamin source, coconut water and pyridoxine were excellent. After 30 day-cultivation in the TMM medium, the dry weights with coconut water and pyridoxine were 8.65 and 8.32 g/L, respectively.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.183-202
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• 2013

The demand of ginseng which has attracted many people for a long time has expanded further with great spotlight ; but it has caused anxiety of some safety-sensitive customers due to unavoidable pesticides and its weakness for disease and insect pest. On the other hand, sluggish studies on effective doses of ginseng and red ginseng which is produced and processed after hardship have worsened confusion of customers. Against this backdrop, this study is about to find out measures for safe ginseng cultivation and effective dose of white or red ginseng which are safely produced and reaches meaningful conclusions as follows ; As for a study to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides or to change them into environmentally-friendly products, ginseng cultivation utilizing Lime Sulfur complex might be an alternative. The effects of Lime Sulfur complex are great on ginseng seeding with under 200 times compound KHCO3 and five-year-old ginseng with over 200 times compound using NaHCO3. When using with green materials like Bordeaux mixture, there would be great potential to realize ginseng without pesticide use.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.475-488
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• 2018

This study evaluates geothermal system efficiency in terms of input power and heat exchange volume on the heat-source and load sides, by applying a combined open-closed type loop system comprising a geothermal system and a groundwater well to a cultivation site. In addition, this study analyzes the effects of heating and cooling for a complex geothermal system, by evaluating the temperatures of an external site and a cultivation site during operation. During cooling operations the heat exchange volume on the heat source side, average 90.0kW/h for an open type system with an input of 235L/minute groundwater, and 40.1kW/h for a closed type system with an input of 85L/minute circulating water, for a total average heat exchange volume of 130.1kW/h. The actual heat exchange volume delivered on the load side averages 110.4kW/h. The average EER by analysis of the geothermal system's cooling efficiency is 5.63. During heating operation analysis, the heat exchange volume on the heat source side, average 60.4kW/h in an open type system with an input of 266L/minute groundwater, and 22.4kW/h in closed type system with an input of 86L/minute circulating water, for a total average heat exchange volume of 82.9kW/h. The actual heat exchange volume delivered on the load side averages 112.0kW/h in our analysis. The average COP determined by analysis of the geothermal system's heating efficiency is 3.92. Aa a result of the tradeoff between the outside temperature and the inside temperature of the production facility and comparing the facility design with a combined well and open-closed loops geothermal(CWG) system, we determine that the 30RT-volume CWG system temperature are lower by $3.4^{\circ}C$, $6.8^{\circ}C$, $10.1^{\circ}C$ and $13.4^{\circ}C$ for ouside temperature is of $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. Based on these results, a summer cooling effect of about $10^{\circ}C$ is expected relative to a facility without a CWG system as the outside temperature is generally ${\geq}30^{\circ}C$. Our results suggest that a complex geothermal system provides improvement under a variety of conditions even when heating conditions in winter are considered. Thus It is expected that the heating-cooling tradeoffs of complex geothermal system are improved by using water screen.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.5
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• pp.32-51
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• 2023

Because red ginseng was exported in large quantities to the Qing Dynasty in the 19th century, a large-scale ginseng cultivation complex was established in Kaesong. Sibyunje (時邊制), a privately led loan system unique to merchants in Kaesong, made it possible for them to raise the enormous capital required for ginseng cultivation. The imperial family of the Korean Empire promulgated the Posamgyuchik (包蔘規則) in 1895, and this signaled the start of the red ginseng monopoly system. In 1899, when the invasion of ginseng farms by the Japanese became severe, the imperial soldiers were sent to guard the ginseng farms to prevent the theft of ginseng by the Japanese. Furthermore, the stateled compensation mission, Baesanggeum Seongyojedo (賠償金 先交制度), provided 50%-90% of the payment for raw ginseng, which was paid in advance of harvest. In 1895, rising seed prices prompted some merchants to import and sell poor quality seeds from China and Japan. The red ginseng trade order was therefore promulgated in 1920 to prohibit the import of foreign seeds without the government's permission. In 1906-1910, namely, the early period of Japanese colonial rule, ginseng cultivation was halted, and the volume of fresh ginseng stocked as a raw material for red ginseng in 1910 was only 2,771 geun (斤). However, it increased significantly to 10,000 geun between 1915 and 1919 and to 150,000 geun between 1920 and 1934. These increases in the production of fresh ginseng as a raw material for red ginseng were the result of various policies implemented in 1908 with the aim of fostering the ginseng industry, such as prior disclosure of the compensation price for fresh ginseng, loans for cultivation expenditure in new areas, and the payment of incentives to excellent cultivators. Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of Japanese imperialism at the time was not to foster the growth of Korean ginseng farming, but to finance the maintenance of its colonial management using profits from the red ginseng business.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.126-132
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• 1997

Calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) immobilized with alginate was studied as buffer system to enhance the cultivation efficiency of Bifidobacterium longum (ATCC 15707) which is inhibited at low pH. To test the bufferring effect of the immobilized $CaCO_3$ beads, pH value in each modified trypticase-proteose peptone-yeast (TPY) broth which is adjusted to pH 4.0 with acetic acid, lactic acid and complex solution of acetic and lactic acid, 3:2 (M:M) was tested by concentration of $CaCO_3$ bead and reaction time. The bufferring effect of $CaCO_3$ bead became higher with increasing the amount of $CaCO_3$ bead in the acidic solution. The growth rate of bifidobacteria and bufferring effect were examined in relation to the amount of $CaCO_3$ bead and concentration of glucose in the modified TPY media. The growth rate of bifidobacteria and bufferring effect were increased with increasing the amount of $CaCO_3$ bead and concentration of glucose. Also, the exponential time of bifidobacteria became longer with increasing the amount of $CaCO_3$ bead and concentration of glucose in the modified TPY media. When we observed the growth rate of bifidobacteria by the method of pH-controlled culture and $CaCO_3$ buffer system, the $CaCO_3$ buffer system was more effective than that of pH-controlled culture. Therefore, this $CaCO_3$ buffer system may be useful as a method to enhance of the cultivation efficiency of bifidobacteria.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 1993

Survey on the status of cultivation and production of medicinal crop was studied on 18 medicinal herbs and 5 medicinal trees in 66 major crop producing complexes. Native seeds or seedlings of the crops obtained from self-seed or neighbored farmer were cultivated and organic fertilizer was preferred to chemical fertilizer in the complexes. More than 60.7% of farmers were applied compost among the organic fertilizers, while 34.8% of them cultivated without any organic fertilizers. Both of using the compound chemical fertilizers and urea and urea only used were showed 51. 5% and 40.9%, respectively. Ostericum koreanum, Angelica gigas, Phellopterus littoralis, and Bupleurum fulcatum belonging to the family Umbeliferae and Aralia continentalis, Polygonatum sibiricum and Eucommia ulmoides in the complexex were not damaged by insect pests and plant diseases. Mite, aphid, grub, cutworm, onion magot fly and european corn borer were known to as major insect pests and anthracnose, powdery mildew, brown leaf spot, leaf blight and root rot as major plant diseases. Productivity and income of a farm by medicinal crops in the complex were greatly different from seeding time, planting distance, year yielded, and selling routes even in the same cultivation method and in the same cultivated area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.267-267
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• 2017

In Korea, the average air temperature has been elevated twice faster than the average global warming. And the climate warming is characterized by the smaller rise of air temperature in summer and the greater rise of air temperature in spring and winter. Therefore, the number of frost-free days to determine the cultivation ability of crops has increased by more than 15 days in 10 years according to climate warming. This climate warming trend has extended and is projected to extend not only the sweet potato growing season but also the sweet potato early cultivating area to higher altitude and latitude region. This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of sweet potato double cropping in the southern island area of Korea by assessing the growth and yield performance of sweet potato cultivated at extremely-early and -late time. We had performed at Yokji Island Yokji Island($E128^{\circ}$ 18' $N34^{\circ}$ 36'), a representative specified complex area of sweet potato cultivation in southern Korea. As the test varieties, the major cultivars of the this region, Shinyulmi and early hypertrophic cultivars, Dahomi were used. The prior cropping were planted with PE film mulching on March 30 and April 10, and harvested after 110 days. So the succeeding cropping were planted without PE film mulching on July 25 and August 5 according to the harvesting time of the prior sweet potato and harvested after 120 days. As a control, it was harvested on September 15, 120 days after planted on May 15. Each experimental plot had an area of 12 square meters consisting of 4 beds, and was planted one at a time at intervals of 25cm. We had investigated growth characteristics - main vine length, node number, branch number, total vine yield, and tuberous root characteristics - tuberous root number, average weight, starch value, and etc. After harvesting, we analyzed the economic effects by examining the postharvest quantity, the input labor, the management cost, and the income. The total yield of marketable products in prior and succeeding cropping was 46~70% higher than that of control. The average unit price of sweet potato was 36% higher than the conventional culture, and the gross income increased by 98%, but the operating cost increased by 83%, and the farm income increased by 103%. There are considerations such as the difficulty of enlargement of cultivation area due to lack of labor in limited space and the need for watering measures due to spring drought. However, if the area of application for sweet potatoes double system is increased by 10%, it can be used as a new cropping system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.280-280
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• 2017

In Korea, the average air temperature has been elevated twice faster than the average global warming. And the climate warming is characterized by the smaller rise of air temperature in summer and the greater rise of air temperature in spring and winter. Therefore, the number of frost-free days to determine the cultivation ability of crops has increased by more than 15 days in 10 years according to climate warming. This climate warming trend has extended and is projected to extend not only the sweet potato growing season but also the sweet potato early cultivating area to higher altitude and latitude region. This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of sweet potato double cropping in the southern island area of Korea by assessing the growth and yield performance of sweet potato cultivated at extremely-early and -late time. We had performed at Yokji Island Yokji Island($E128^{\circ}$ 18' $N34^{\circ}$ 36'), a representative specified complex area of sweet potato cultivation in southern Korea. As the test varieties, the major cultivars of the this region, Shinyulmi and early hypertrophic cultivars, Dahomi were used. The prior cropping were planted with PE film mulching on March 30 and April 10, and harvested after 110 days. So the succeeding cropping were planted without PE film mulching on July 25 and August 5 according to the harvesting time of the prior sweet potato and harvested after 120 days. As a control, it was harvested on September 15, 120 days after planted on May 15. Each experimental plot had an area of 12 square meters consisting of 4 beds, and was planted one at a time at intervals of 25cm. We had investigated growth characteristics - main vine length, node number, branch number, total vine yield, and tuberous root characteristics - tuberous root number, average weight, starch value, and etc. After harvesting, we analyzed the economic effects by examining the postharvest quantity, the input labor, the management cost, and the income. The total yield of marketable products in prior and succeeding cropping was 46~70% higher than that of control. The average unit price of sweet potato was 36% higher than the conventional culture, and the gross income increased by 98%, but the operating cost increased by 83%, and the farm income increased by 103%. There are considerations such as the difficulty of enlargement of cultivation area due to lack of labor in limited space and the need for watering measures due to spring drought. However, if the area of application for sweet potatoes double system is increased by 10%, it can be used as a new cropping system.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 1975

The cultivation of ginseng plant (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) in Korea as an eminent medicinal herb may be traced far back in history. However, the practices in cultivation have not much improved in terms of efficiency and scientific farming. In the present study some experiments were undertaken for the search of the soil and nutrition conditions, because of the nutritional requirement of ginseng plant shaws quite unique compared with other crops. In both the seed bed and the field 'Yakto' has been traditionally employed or the prime source of nutrition of the crop. Yakto is a complex matter prepared from raw foliage of the broad-leaved trees as the main portion with the admixture of a variety of organic nitrogen source through fermentative processes. The composition of Yakto may be classified coarsely into the decomposed and undecomposed substances, the former being further fractionated according their solubilities, comprising also various colloidal matters whose composition and structure are yet to be known. The Yakto-fractions were subjected to analyze for search of its nature and coarse composition in terms of the distribution of nitrogen, contents of organic functional groups such as -COOH, phenolic-OH, alcholic-OH and methoxyl and hydrolysable sugars. Furthermore, absorption-spectra of each fraction were determined in visible and infrared region and compared the results each other.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.69-91
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• 2017

Since the global financial crisis, major countries have been executing policies related to two top-priority goals to create more jobs: revitalization of entrepreneur activity and the cultivation of small and medium-sized companies. In South Korea, the interest of policy makers is increasingly focusing on the role of SMEs that have a technological competitive edge in the realization of a "job-centered creative economy." Due to the nature of the field, the health and medical industry requires a particularly long time until the achievement of industrialization, Also, because of the complex distribution structure, it is essential for related government ministries and institutions to jointly devise strategies. A lack of policy supports for the industry has thus far resulted in its development being relegated for the most part of small and medium-sized companies, which consequently means low global competitiveness. Now is the time for the South Korean government to provide the revolutionary supported options and strategies. This study aims to propose a general policy direction and policy areas for the cultivation of Korea's small and medium-sized companies in the healthcare industry into global small giant companies through an exploration of the German case. It is crucial to first cultivate the international competitiveness of Korean small and medium-sized companies (as in the case of Germany) so that they can grow into global small giant companies. Another important task is the creation of an environment that expedites the qualitative growth of promising SMEs as well as technological development. After securing competitiveness in terms of both product quality and technology in the global health market, substantive policy supports will be necessary to cultivate global small giant companies that are export-based (e.g. job creation effect, sales value added).