• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.234-234
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• 2017

Recent abnormal weather, especially continued rainfall during sowing season causes difficulty in proper sowing of wheat and delayed sowing after November 15 is concerned about freezing damage during winter, resulting in reduction of wheat yield. To correspond government policy of crop sufficiency improvement and produce and supply raw wheat and barley steadily, expansion of cultivation area is necessary and spring sowing of wheat is required. To obtain basic information on the improvement of spring sown wheat and barley production, comparison and path coefficients analysis was conducted for yield and yield related components from autumn and spring sown wheat and barley. Path analyses were known as very useful in clarifying the effects of yield components on grain yield formation, which were not accurately reflected in simple correlation anaylses. Most cultivated 5 wheat and 9 barley cultivars were sown on October and February at Cheon-ju province according to standard sowing method. For the spring sowing of wheat and barley, the varieties having vernalization degree I~III are seeded in the mid of February and seeding rate is 200~250kg/ha which is increased by 25% than autumn sowing. N-fertilizer of 95 kg/ha and the same amount of P, K dressed in autumn are applied at once as basal fertilizer. The magnitude of direct effect in each yield components on yield was in sequence as follows. In autumn wheat, grain number per $spike{\geq}$ the number of spike per $m^2$>1000-grain weight and in spring wheat, grain number per $ spike{\geq}the$ number of spike per $m^2$> 1000-grain weight. In autumn naked barley, 1000-grain weight> the number of spike per $m^2$, grain number per spike and in spring barely, the number of spike per $m^2$> grain number per spike > 1000-grain weight. In autumn covered barley, grain number per spike>the number of spike per $m^2$ and in spring coverd barley, the number of spike per $m^2$> grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight. In autumn malt barley, the number of spike per $m^2$>1000-grain weight and in spring malt barley, the direct effects of three yield components were similar. According to the path analysis of yield components for spring sown wheat and barley, it was suggested that adequate number of spike per $m^2$ was most important factor for yield increase.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.429-436
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• 2013

Kimchi cabbage 'Choongwang' cultivar is mainly cultivated during summer in Gangneung area. 'Choongwang' cultivar was harvested in late July, applied with predrying, room cooling, and forced air cooling, and then packaged with/without 0.02 mm HDPE film to estimate the effect of postharvest treatment on quality characteristics (weight loss, trimming loss, firmness, SSC, color index, sensory evaluation) during 8 week storage at $2^{\circ}C$. Kimchi cabbage without 0.02 mm HDPE film showed high weight loss up to 13-20% while those of with liner were significantly lower. Also forced air cooling among the postharvest treatments was effective to reduce both weight loss and trimming loss. Appearance and freshness in sensory evaluation were the important factors in estimating good quality during storage. Liner treatment with forced air cooling showed highly significant for maintaining appearance and freshness ($P{\leq}0.01$). Color index was no differences between with/without 0.02 mm HDPE film and postharvest treatments. After 6 weeks storage in without 0.02 mm HDPE film with room cooling or control appearance was severely damaged and also internal browning was found. While in with 0.02 mm HDPE film internal browning was found after 8 weeks storage, just in room cooling or predrying treatment.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2020

Various types of amendments have been studied for heavy metal stabilization in soil. However, researches on the effect of amendments on alkali soil and their effects on the plants at various edible parts are insufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stabilization efficiency of heavy metals and their transfer into edible parts of food crops. Abandoned mine area was selected and 3 types of amendments (lime stone, LS; steel slag, SS; acid mine drainage sludge, AMDS) was applied with 3% (w/w). in field. After 6 month aging, Chinese cabbage (leafy), bok choy (leafy), garlic (root) and red pepper (fruit) were transplanted and cultivated. For chemical assessment, total concentration and bioavailability using Mehlich-3 solution were determined. For biological assessment, fresh weight and heavy metal uptakes were analyzed. It was revealed that AMDS reduced bioavailability most effectively, resulting in the decrease in heavy metal concentration in edible parts of all crops. When explaining the heavy metal uptake of plants, the bioavailability was more appropriate than the total contents of soil heavy metals. Therefore, bioavailability-based further research and management practices should be carried out continuously for the sustainable environment management, safe crop production, and human health risk reduction.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2013

The percent of diseased fruit by Diaporthe citri was the most 16.8% in 2010 and the least 3.8% in 2005, and the average was 8.8% from 2003 to 2012. The degrees of disease incidence were relatively high, 17.0, 22.6, 19.2 and 18.9%, in 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2010, respectively. The percent of diseased fruit by Elsinoe fawcettii was the most 0.72% in 2004, and then gradually decreased to 0.08% in 2008, and the average was from 0.28% from 2004 to 2011. In case of canker by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, the percent of diseased fruit was the most 2.19% in 2004, and gradually decreased to 0.08 and 0.10% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The average was 0.81% from 2004 to 2012. The melanose by D. citri was most in south-east area of Jeju Island, and east and west in case of canker. The melanose symptoms were initially appeared from mid June, mainly peaked late of July to late August. The canker symptoms were initially produced on leaves of natsudaidai and grapefruit cultivated in open field middle of June in 2010 and 2011 and late of May in 2012. The scab disease was firstly appeared approx. early or mid May and then rapidly increased late of May to middle of June. The inoculum was mainly produced from dead twigs late June to early of August.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to establish the condition of regeneration for white balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum DC. cv. Jangback) and to manage for the raising of seedling with in vitro regenerated plants. It was examined that 0.5 mg/L of NAA and 1.0 mg/L of BA was the best composition for the callus and shoot induction (up to 600%). NAA was better than IBA for the induction of root and it took 16.9 days for the induction of rooting on the MS soild media containing 0.5 mg/L of NAA and the final rooting ratio was up to 75%. Out of 5 different bed soils purchased from local market, "Tosil" was identified to be the best for the acclimation and growth of in vitro regenerated balloon flower. In detail, on 8 weeks after planting of in vitro regenerated plants in pots containing "Tosil" bed soils, the plant hight was increased up to 2-fold (12.8 cm), 3.5-fold (27) for the number of leaf and 1.5-fold (4.5 cm) for the leaf length when compared to the other four bed soils, respectively. Our preliminary results indicate that it is possible to prevent the occurrence of blue balloon flower in the massive cultivated area of white balloon flower by providing the seedlings raised from in vitro regenerated plants.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 1991

This study was crried out in order to changes of soil salinity in the Kyehwa saline paddy soil from 1978 find out the to 1988. Surveyed soil was Munpo, Gwanghwal, Yeompo, Hasa series and distribution ratio of those area was 51.2%, 16.6 %, 30.2 %, 1.0 % respectively on the 2,500ha. In the cultivated field, the ratio of desalinization was increased in accordance with rice cultivating years but desalization was not conduct after six years in the uncultivated field. Soil salinity of Summer(during cultivation) and Fall(after cultivation) were 52.3 %, 62.5 % respectively as compare with Spring(before cultivating) and about changes of soil salinity according to different soil depth, underground layer 20-40cm and 40-60cm were raised the rate 28.4 % and 66.2 % in accordance with top soil.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.458-463
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• 2005

[ $H_2$ ] from CO and water was continuously produced in a trickle bed reactor(TBR) using Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19. When the strain C. was cultivated in a stirred-tank reactor under a chemoheterotrophic and aerobic condition, the high final cell concentration of 13 g/L was obtained at 10 hr. When the culture was switched to an anaerobic condition with the continuous supply of gaseous CO, CO-dependent hydrogenase was fully induced and its hydrogen production activity approached 16 mmol/g cell/hr in 60 hr. The fully induced C. amalonaticus Y19 cells were circulated through a TBR packed with polyurethane foam, and the TBR was operated for more than 20 days for $H_2$ production. As gas retention time decreased or inlet CO partial pressure increased, $H_2$ production rate increased but the conversion from CO to $H_2$ decreased. The maximum $H_2$ production rate obtained was 16 mmol/L/hr at the gas retention time of 25 min and the CO inlet partial pressure of 0.4 atm. The high $H_2$ production rate was attributed to the high cell density in the liquid phase circulating the TBR as well as the high surface area of polyurethane foam used as packing material of the TBR.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 1991

The study was performed to select a adaptable tree species under stressed field conditions where there are a industrial plants operating with a number of smoke stacks emitting pollutants, such as hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide. As a result of the study, a tree species selected are due to construct a forest belt in a zones near industrial plants to reduce the concentrations of air pollutants. The concentrations of atmospheric hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide were very higher at experimental sites near industrial plants (air-pollution sites) than at control site. The leaves of 7 tree species grown at air pollution sites contained more sulfur and, specially, fluorine than at those control site. Among the tested tree species, Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. and Euonymus japonica Thunb. grown at air pollution sites did not at all break out a foliar injury but appeared to be healthy, as well as those grown at control site. Acer pseudo-sieboldianum Kom., Pinus virginiana Mill., Larix leptolepis Gordon., Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus strobus L., Picea abies Karst and Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. et Zucc., however, showed a severe fluoride-type foliar injury such as necrosis on tip or margin of leaves, etc. Fluorine found in leaves was proved to be correlated to sulfur found in leaves whereas index of foliar injury hadn't a good correlation to pollutants found in leaves. It appears that Euonymus japonica Thunb., Ligustrum japonica Thunb., Platanus acerifolia Willd, Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee and Sophora japonica L. grown at both experimental sites had a high value of percent survival whereas Pinus virginiana Mill., Pinus koraiensis Sib. et Zucc., Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. and Alnus hirsuta Rupr. had an extremely low value of that. In comparison with control site, the percent tree height increments in Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Quercus acutissima Carruth., Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee, Pinus thunbergii Parl and Euonymus japonica Thunb. and the percent upmost root diameters in Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee, Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Euonymus japonica Thunb., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara and Pinus thunbergii Parl. cultivated at air polluted sites showed very high value above 90%, respectively. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.662) was recognized between the index of foliage injury and the percent collective character, which was the mean of tree characters such as percent survival, percent tree height increment and percent upmost root diameter increment which compared to those at air polluted site with those at control site. Based on the percent collective character Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Euonymus japonica Thunb., Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Populus tomentiglandlosa T. Lee, Betula platyphyla var. japonica Hara and Platanus occidentalis L. have large value about 90%, respectively. Therefore, the results indicate that this tree species are adaptable species in air polluted regions. For better understanding of the adaptable tree species, furthur studies concerning the effects of various air pollutants on the tree growth are required.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.4 s.79
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• pp.246-254
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• 1996

Since the mid of 1980's, cultivation area and production of Ganoderma lucidum have been increased annually in Korea. However, the presence of a fungal disease has become a major limiting factor in the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, causing a serious economic loss. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify the pathogenic fungus to Ganoderma lucidum. Several fungi isolated from the wood logs showing typical symptoms were tested whether they are pathogenic to Ganoderma lucidum or not by cross-pairing culture method, flask inoculation method, and wood log inoculation method. The pathogenic fungus produced ascomata. Mature ascomata was spherical, dark, thick-walled, $45{\sim}95\;{\mu}m$ diameter. Asci were thin-walled, evanescent when mature, disintegrate early. Ascospores were spherical, hyaline, glaborous, thick-walled, refractive, $3.6{\sim}4.3\;{\mu}m$ in size. Conidiophores soon became abundantly septate and broke up into arthrospores, which are cylindrical, $3{\sim}6\;{\mu}m$ long and $3{\sim}4\;{\mu}m$ wide. Based on the observations under dissecting microscope, light microscope and scanning electron microscope, teleomorph and anamorph of the pathogenic fungus were identified as Xylogone sphaerospora Von Arx & Nilsson and Sporendonema purpurascens (Bonordon) Mason & Hughes, respectively. X. sphaerospora is first reported as a pathogenic fungus of Ganoderma lucidum.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 1996

When soybean was cultivated in the polluted soil with heavy metals, the content of these heavy metals affected. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The growth of soybean was remarkably poor and the content of heavy metals in polluted soil were higher than in unpolluted soil. 2. In leaves of all surveyed crops, the content of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and As was higher in soybean, followed by corn and rice. 3. Except for Pb, the content of heavy metals in the leaves of soybean was higher than in the stem of soybean, and the components of heavy metals in each part of soybean were shown in order of Zn > As > Cd > Cu > Pb. 4. The relationship between the content of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As and the growth of soybean was negatively correlated, respectively. 5. A higher correlation seemed to exist among the content of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As in soil, of Zn, Cu and As in soybean leaves, and of Pb, Cd and As in stems of soybean. The results indicated that heavy metals were absorbed and accumulated by plants grown in the polluted area.