• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2018

In Korea, the oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is highly preferred by consumers in the food industry and makes up about 97.7% of the total forest mushroom production. This indicates that the oak mushroom is an important non-timber forest product in Korea. Recently, the breeding and development of new cultivars of L. edodes have been actively initiated, and the development of molecular markers that are able to identify and discriminate the new cultivars is crucial for protecting the breeder's rights. This study was carried out to develop a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker for the identification and discrimination of a new cultivar, Sanmaru 2ho from the 37 other oak mushroom cultivars. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified at the $1,803,483^{rd}$ position of scaffold2 in the genome of Sanmaru 2ho. The amplified DNA containing the SNP of Sanmaru 2ho was uniquely not cleaved by the restriction enzyme, Hha I, and thus Sanmaru 2ho was successfully distinguished from the other oak mushroom cultivars.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

To determine whether Fourier transform (FT)-IR spectral analysis combined with multivariate analysis of whole-cell extracts from ginseng leaves can be applied as a high-throughput discrimination system of cultivation ages and cultivars, a total of total 480 leaf samples belonging to 12 categories corresponding to four different cultivars (Yunpung, Kumpung, Chunpung, and an open-pollinated variety) and three different cultivation ages (1 yr, 2 yr, and 3 yr) were subjected to FT-IR. The spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis. A dendrogram based on hierarchical clustering analysis of the FT-IR spectral data on ginseng leaves showed that leaf samples were initially segregated into three groups in a cultivation age-dependent manner. Then, within the same cultivation age group, leaf samples were clustered into four subgroups in a cultivar-dependent manner. The overall prediction accuracy for discrimination of cultivars and cultivation ages was 94.8% in a cross-validation test. These results clearly show that the FT-IR spectra combined with multivariate analysis from ginseng leaves can be applied as an alternative tool for discriminating of ginseng cultivars and cultivation ages. Therefore, we suggest that this result could be used as a rapid and reliable F1 hybrid seed-screening tool for accelerating the conventional breeding of ginseng.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2006

Discrimination of 5 rice cultivars (Sangjubyeo , Dongjinbyeo Simbaekbyeo , Hwamanbyeo , and Simbaek-hetero ) using metabolic profiling was carried out. Whole cell extracts from each cultivar were subjected to $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. When spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis, 5 cultivars were clustered into 3 groups: SJ, DJ + SB, and HM + SH. Thecultivars showed great difference in carbohydrate region of $^1H$ NMR spectra, suggesting that qualitative and quantitative differences in carbohydrate compounds play a major role in discrimination of the cultivars. In addition, it was readily possible to determine relative quantification of major carbohydrates including sucrose, glucose, maltose from spectral data of the cultivars. SJ showed 2 to 4 times higher content of maltose than the other rice cultivars. Overall results indicate that metabolic discrimination of rice cultivars using $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy combined by multivariate statistical analysis can be used for rapid discrimination of numerous rice cultivars and simple quantitative analysis system of major carbohydrate compounds in rice grains.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 2004

A major challenge facing those involved in the testing of new plant varieties for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) is the need to compare new varieties against all those of common knowlege (reference varieties). One possible approach would be to group new (candidate) varieties and reference varieties using descriptions stored in databases prior to further of official test. testing. This study was carried out to manage a reference variety collection by databasing of hordein profiling. For this purpose, hordein subunits of the 48 National list barley (Hordeum vulgare L) cultivars were analysed. Total 22 of clear scorable hordein subunits were identified from D-subunit to B-subunit region and fifteen different hordein polypeptide patterns were obtained. Based on hordein subunit band pattern, UPGMA cluster analysis was conducted. Forty-eight cultivars were separated into three groups and genetic distance of cluster ranging from 0.55 to 1.00. Hordein subunits have a potential of selecting similar varieties compared with candidate varieties by controlling reference variety collection and playing an important complemental role in cultivar distinctness.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.429-434
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• 2014

This study describes the efficient method for the discrimination of 'Cheonryang' in Panax ginseng Meyer using a STS primer. A total of 208 STS primers were applied to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for discriminating Korean ginseng cultivars. Co-dominant polymorphic band patterns were generated with two primers, MFGp 0019, MFGp 0248, and successful identification of 'Cheonryang' was achieved from out of 11 Korean ginseng cultivars. Two different sizes of DNA band patterns were detected with MFGp 0019 primer. Ten Korean ginseng cultivars shared the same size of amplified DNAs (389 bp), but 'Cheonryang' showed a different size. Thus 'Cheonryang' can be efficiently distinguished from the other ten ginseng cultivars by using the MFGp 0019 primer. In the case of MFGp 0248, two different sizes of DNA band patterns were detected in the eleven ginseng cultivars. Same sized amplified DNA bands (307 bp) were shown in five cultivars (Chunpoong, Gopoong, Kumpoong, Cheongsun, Sunhyang) and 254 bp sized DNA bands were identified in the other 6 cultivars (Yunpoong, Sunpoong, Sunun, Sunone, Cheonryang, K-1). In conclusion, the two STS primers, MFGp 0019, and MFGp 0248, provide a rapid and reliable method for the specific identification of 'Cheonryang' cultivar from a large number of samples.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2009

This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic diversity and to develop a technique for cultivar discrimination using SSR markers in rice. Sixty-seven recently distributed rice cultivars in Korea from 1998 to 2005 were evaluated by 20 SSR markers. A total of 149 alleles were produced ranging from 4 to 14 alleles with an average of 7.5 alleles per locus. The molecular weight of alleles per locus varied from 4 bp (RM253) to 51 bp (RM335), and PIC values ranged from 0.45 (RM202) to 0.87 (RM204) with an average of 0.67. Of them, seven markers, RM204, RM257, RM21, RM224, RM249, RM253, and RM264, were selected as key markers for differentiating rice varieties. The seven markers produced a total of 67 alleles with an average of 9.6 alleles per marker. PIC values ranged from 0.48 (RM253) to 0.87 (RM204) with an average of 0.72. The 63 cultivars (94%) out of 67 cultivars could be individually identified by the genotype using the seven SSR markers, which will be applicable to discriminating rice cultivars.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 2020

When producing rice products, it is very important to select suitable raw materials. Therefore, in this study, the quality characteristics of 16 rice cultivars were quantified to determine the criteria for evaluating the machinability of raw rice. The L value, which can affect the color of porridge prepared from rice, was the greatest for Hwaseonchalbyeo (84.17). The water-binding capacity, related to water interaction, was high in Hyangcheola (113.2%), and water solubility was high in Shingil (22.3%). Dodamssal (42.3%, 70.7 RVU) and Hwaseonchalbyeo (4.7%, 27.8 RVU) showed lower final viscosity compared to the cultivars in which the amylose content was medium groups (16.4~21.2%, 173.6~277.2 RVU). Specifically, cultivars with high or low amylose content had a low viscosity. The characteristics of the distribution of raw rice quality data were confirmed through 11 histograms. Furthermore, amylose content vs. water solubility, water solubility vs. peak viscosity, and peak viscosity vs. final viscosity showed high correlations (r=0.542, -0.569, and 0.836 respectively, p<0.01), and clear cultivar discrimination by the standard error of the mean (0.765~10.811). In conclusion, amylose content, water solubility, and peak viscosity were considered the most suitable characteristics for the quality evaluation of raw rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2013

The jujube is an important fruit tree species in Korea. Traditionally, classifications of jujube cultivars have been based on morphological characters; however, morphological identification can be problematic because morphological traits are affected by environmental conditions. Therefore, DNA markers are now being used for the rapid and accurate identification of plant species. Inter-simple sequence repeat (I-SSR) is one of the best DNA-based molecular marker techniques, which is useful for studying genetic relations and for the identification of closely related cultivars. In this study, 5 Korean jujube trees and 1 jujube tree imported from China were analyzed for 16 I-SSR primers. Amplification of the genomic DNA of jujube cultivars by using I-SSR analysis generated 100 bands, with an average of 6.25 bands per primer, of which 45 bands (45%) were polymorphic. The number of amplified fragments with I-SSR primers ranged from 2 to 13. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 10% to 100%. I-SSR finger printing profiles showed that 'Boeun jujube' and 'Daeri jujube' had characteristic DNA patterns, indicating unequivocal cultivar identification at molecular level. According to the results of clustering analysis, the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.68 to 0.92. 'Boeun jujube' and 'Daeri jujube' were divided into independent groups, and 'Bokjo jujube', 'Geumseong jujube', 'Wolchul jujube', and 'Mudeung jujube' were placed in the same group. Therefore, I-SSR markers are suitable for the discrimination of 'Boeun jujube' and 'Daeri jujube' cultivars.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.485-495
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• 2018

Background: The geographical origin of Panax ginseng Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is important to both ginseng producers and consumers in the context of economic profit and human health benefits. We, therefore, aimed to discriminate between the cultivation regions of ginseng using the stable isotope ratios of C, N, O, and S, which are abundant bioelements in living organisms. Methods: Six Korean ginseng cultivars (3-yr-old roots) were collected from five different regions in Korea. The C, N, O, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng roots were measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and then these isotope ratio profiles were statistically analyzed using chemometrics. Results: The various isotope ratios found in P. ginseng roots were significantly influenced by region, cultivar, and the interactions between these two factors ($p{\leq}0.001$). The variation in ${\delta}^{15}N$ and ${\delta}^{13}C$ in ginseng roots was significant for discriminating between different ginseng cultivation regions, and ${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}^{34}S$ were also affected by both altitude and proximity to coastal areas. Chemometric model results tested in this study provided discrimination between the majority of different cultivation regions. Based on the external validation, this chemometric model also showed good model performance ($R^2=0.853$ and $Q^2=0.738$). Conclusion: Our case study elucidates the variation of C, N, O, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng root depending on cultivation region. Hence, the analysis of stable isotope ratios is a suitable tool for discrimination between the regional origins of ginseng samples from Korea, with potential application to other countries.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.353-360
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• 2013

Korean ginseng (P. ginseng C. A. Meyer) is one of the most important medicinal plant in the world. Understanding genetic variability among the assortment of Korean ginseng is important for breeding. The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize Korean ginseng cultivar and breeding lines through the use of eight previously reported STS markers (MFGp183, MFGp130, MFGp110, UFGp74, UFGp163, MFGp108, MFGp81 and UFGp156). All STS markers produced interpretable electropherograms from 31 accessions consisting of 11 Korean ginseng cultivars and 20 breeding lines. When eight STS markers were combined, we identified to total 19 genetic patterns; in particular, nine cultivars (Chunpoong, Yunpoong, Gopoong, Gumpoong, Sunpoong, Sunone, Cheongseon, Sunhyang, Cheonryang) and 5 breeding lines (G08012, G04079, G04075, G08036, G04110) in ginseng samples can be discriminated from the others. Together with other available markers, these STS markers will contribute to the management of ginseng genetic resources and the protection of breeders' rights.