• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2014

Oriental melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa) should be cultivated on the soil and be harvested. It is difficult to find because it is covered with leaves, and furthermore, it is very hard to grip it due to its climbing stems. This study developed and tested oriental melon harvesting robots such as an end-effector, manipulator and identification device. The end effector is divided into a gripper for harvest and a cutter for stems. In addition, it was designed to control the gripping and cutting forces so that the gripper could move four fingers at the same time and the cutter could move back and forth. The manipulator was designed to realize a 4-axis manipulator structure to combine orthogonal coordinate-type and shuttle-type manipulators with L-R type model to rotate based on the central axis. With regard to the identification device, oriental melon was identified using the primary identification global view camera device and secondary identification local view camera device and selected in the prediction of the sugar content or maturity. As a result of the performance test using this device, the average harvest time was 18.2 sec/ea, average pick-up rate was 91.4%, average damage rate was 8.2% and average sorting rate was 72.6%.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to investigate the difference among 3-years-used polyolefin films which were J-l, J-2 and J-2 having differences in film thickness, infrared absorption and ultraviolet penetration from Jan. 16, 2006. And 1-year-used polyethylene film K-1 used from Jan. 16, 2009, for covering film of greenhouse for oriental melon cultivation. J-2, J-3 and J-1 films were better for keeping heat in order, and J-2 film was the best in plant growth at early stage. The first blooming and harvesting days in J-2 film were earlier 15 days than those in K-1 film. Chromaticity and soluble solid of harvested fruit in J-2, J-3 and J-1 films were higher than whose in K-1 film. Marketable yields in J-2, J-3 and J-1 films were higher in order.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.168-174
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• 2002

A new circulating hydroponic system was invented for oriental melons grown in the greenhouse. For developing nutrient solution management techniques, we examined the changes of nutrient contents of circulating solution in three different types of new hydroponic systems. The yield and fruit quality of oriental melons in Hydroponics were better than those in soil culture. The substrate culture was appropriate fer hydroponics of oriental melons, and NFT was turned to be the opposite due to the physiological disorder during hot seasons. Yamazaki's melon solution with EC 2.0dS.m$^{[-10]}$ was the most appropriate for oriental melons. The new circulating hydroponic system seemed to be appropriate for oriental melons because of the stable EC, pH and the macro- and micro-element contents. NO$_3$-N, Ca and Mg contents in the circulating solution kept a good balance in all types of hydroponics. However, p content, compared to other types, decreased by the degree of 1 me.L$^{[-10]}$ in perlite medium. K content showed irregular status in perlite but showed the stable status in cocopeat. Generally, microelements, except Mo, showed stable absorption in the substrate culture. However, in NET, most of the elements showed irregular absorption except B and Mn. Microelement absorption, especially Cu, Zn and Mo, decreased during hot seasons.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2009

To study the effect of nonwoven fabric materials on growth and yield of korea melon, Medium denier nonwoven fabrics (MDNF), Polyster nonwoven fabrics (PENF) and 12 ounce nonwoven fabric (control) were used. Mean temperature at night was 13.1$^{\circ}C$ at control, 14.7$^{\circ}C$ at MDNF and 13.3$^{\circ}C$ at PENF from Feb. 6${\sim}$7, 2009. Because of higher temperature, early growth of korea melon of MDNF was better than control at 30 days after transplanting. Days required to harvesting (DRH) of control was 89, those of PENF and MDNF were 88, 78, respectively. First harvesting of MDNF was 11 days earlier than control. Harvested fruit of MDNF had higher weight, soluble solid and marketable fruit ratio than control. Yield ratio of control and PENF was 4:3:3 (early:middle:late harvesting season), but MDNF was 5:3:2. Using of MDNF provided earlier harvesting. Total yield of PENF was similar to control, 1,844kg per lOa, MDNF was increased by 9%.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of root zone warming on rhizosphere temperature of Oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. Makuwa) in winter season. Root zone was warmed by hot water flowing through pipe set at 35cm depth from the ridge. Treatments of minimum soil temperature at 20cm depth were 17, 21, $25^{\circ}C$, and non-warmed from Jan. 18 to Apr. 18. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The cumulative soil temperature for 1 month after planting oriental melon was 441, 558, 648, and 735$^{\circ}C$ at control, 17, 21, and $25^{\circ}C$ plot, respectively. 2. As soil temperature was higher, air temperature in tunnel was higher. The lowest temperature in control plot at night was 9.5$^{\circ}C$, 11.$0^{\circ}C$ in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 13.5$^{\circ}C$ in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, and 16.5$^{\circ}C$ in $25^{\circ}C$ plot, respectively. 3. The xylem exudate amount of control plot for 24 hours just after basal stem abscission was 8.1$m\ell$. It was 1.2 times higher in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 1.3 times higher in 21 $^{\circ}C$ plot, and 4.8 times higher in $25^{\circ}C$ plot than in control plot at 30 days after planting. The xylem exudate amount at 67 days after planting of control plot was 10.4$m\ell$, those of 17, 21, $25^{\circ}C$ plots were 1.1, 3.2, and 3.3 times as compared to control plot. 4, Early growth in leaf length, stem diameter, leaf number and leaf area for 30 days after planting were better in higher temperature plots than in control plot. Particularly, the increase of leaf area was striking in higher temperature plots. Leaf area of control plot was 279.5$\textrm{cm}^2$ for 30 days after planting, 153.4% in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 745.6% in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot and 879.4% in $25^{\circ}C$ plot were increased as compared to in control plot.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of root zone warming on fruit yield of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. Makuwa) in winter season. Root zone was warmed by hot water flowing through pipe set at 35cm depth from the ridge. Treatments of minimum soil temperature at 20cm depth were 17, 21, $25^{\circ}C$ and non-warming from Jan. 18 to Apr. 18. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The blooming of female flower was faster 1 days in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 6 days in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, and 7 days in $25^{\circ}C$ plot than in control plot and the days from blooming to harvesting were shorter 5 days in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 11 days in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, and 12 days in $25^{\circ}C$ plot than in control plot. 2. Mean fruit weight was the highest in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, followed $25^{\circ}C$, 17$^{\circ}C$ and control plots, respectively, and flesh thickness was the highest in $25^{\circ}C$ plot, followed by 21, 17$^{\circ}C$ and control plots, respectively. 3. Early and middle-phase yield was the highest in $25^{\circ}C$ plot, followed by 21$^{\circ}C$, 17$^{\circ}C$ and control plots but late yield was the highest in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, followed by control, 21, and $25^{\circ}C$ plots. Total yield per 10a was higher 33% in 17$^{\circ}C$ plot, 49% in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, and 37a in $25^{\circ}C$ plots than in control plot, harvested 1, 490kg per 10a. 4. Total yield was highest in 21$^{\circ}C$ plot, followed by $25^{\circ}C$, 17$^{\circ}C$, and control plots. Malformed and fermented fruit rates were the highest in control, followed by 17, 25, and 21$^{\circ}C$ plots and marketable fruit rate was 21, 25, 17$^{\circ}C$, and control plot in order.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) that might affect the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length in oriental melon. The experiment was performed using three cultivars namely 'Mallijangseong', 'Ohbokggul', and 'Joeundae' wherein environmental conditions were controlled by three different temperatures $15^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$ and also three RH levels 30%, 60%, and 90%. Based on the results in terms of temperature, true to all cultivars, plants exposed to $25^{\circ}C$ had the highest pollen germination rate while plants exposed to $15^{\circ}C$ had the lowest. Among the three cultivars, 'Mallijangseong' had the highest in terms of pollen germination rate, followed by 'Ohbokggul', and lastly was 'Joeundae' that showed the lowest germination rate. In the case of pollen tube length, pollen exposed under $35^{\circ}C$ showed the longest tube length, followed by pollen under $25^{\circ}C$, and pollen under $15^{\circ}C$ remarkably had the shortest tube length. Across the three cultivars 'Ohbokggul' had the longest pollen tube length. In the case of RH, pollen germination response among three cultivars depends on the humidity conditions but based on the results, there was no significant differences although high germination rate was observed in highest humidity condition. Between each cultivar, 'Ohbokggul' had the lowest pollen germination rate compared with 'Mallijangseong' and 'Joeundae' after exposure to different RH conditions wherein pollen germination showed significant differences among treatments. The pollen collected under 60% RH had the longest pollen tube length, followed by 30%, and the shortest was under 90% RH. In general, 'Ohbokggul' had the longest pollen tube length while 'Joeundae' had the shortest among the three cultivars.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of thermokeeping bag with 30 and 45cm width on the growth, fruit quality and yield of oriental melon. Difference of the highest temperature was not observed but the lowest temperature of thermokeeping bag with 30cm and 45cm width was higher than that of control by 0.9$^{\circ}C$ and 1.8$^{\circ}C$, respectively The highest soil temperature of thermokeeping bag with 30cm and 45cm width was higher than that of control by 1.9$^{\circ}C$ and 9.9$^{\circ}C$, respectively and the lowest soil temperature of thermokeeping bag with 30cm and 45cm width was higher than that of control by 0.9$^{\circ}C$ and 1.2$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Growth characteristics in terms of stem length, leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid were higher as the width of thermokeeping bag was winder. Marketable yield per 10a of 30 and 45cm thermokeeping bag was higher 5.3% and 19.2% than that of control with 996.4kg per 0.1ha.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of grafting methods on plug seedling quality, growth after transplanting, and yield of oriental melon that those seedlings were raised in the 32 hole plug tray for protected cultivation. Number of leaf and leaf area in approach grafting were higher until 15 days after grafting but lower on 20 days after grafting. Plant height, stem diameter and content of chlorophyll were nearly the same of each grafting methods on 20 days after grafting. Growth of top part, that is, plant height, leaf number, and leaf area on root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the highest among the grafting methods. In the underground part, dry weight of root was high and T/R ratio was the lowest. Seedling quality of root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the highest among grafting methods before transplanting. Plant height, number of leaf, leaf area and dry weight of root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting in the growth of field were the highest on 30 days after grafting among grafting methods and days required for first flowering was also shorter, 38.4 days among grafting methods. But Fruit weight, content of soluble solids, fruit hardness, and color characteristics in fruit quality were insignificant among each grafting methods. Consequently, grafting methods influenced on the seedling quality, of oriental melon early growth after transplanting and yields. It was concluded that root removed single cotyledon ordinary splice grafting was the best methods in present study. It will be needed to convert grafting methods. Thus new grafting method should be applied.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of flooding on the quality and yield of an oriental melon. Waterlogging for four periods, 0(not flooded), 5, 10 or 15h, were applied to 30cm depth from the soil surface. The soluble solids content of fruit flesh measured at 7 days after waterlogging was 12.6 Brix in not-flooded plot, but it decreased by 4.7-5.6 Brix in plots flooded 5, 10 or 15h, respectively. Difference in fruit hardness between the no-flooded and 5h-flooded plots was not observed, while a significant decrease in fruit hardness was observed in 10 or 15 h-flooded plots at 7 days after waterlogging. Decrease in fruit hardness in all plots except control plot was observed at 13 days after waterlogging. The percent decayed fruits at 7 days after waterlogging was not observed, but at 13 days after waterlogging it gradually increased as duration of flooding increased. The incidence of downy or powdery mildews increased is significantly in plots flooded for 5, 10 or 15h as compared to the not-flooded control. However, population of cotton caterpillar decreased in the flooded plots. Marketable fruits yield per 10a was 616.2kg in no-flooded plot, but it decreased by 33%, 45% and 66%, respectively, in plots flooded for 5, 10 or 15h. The waterlogging during fruit enlargement stage significantly deteriorated fruit quality and decreased marketable fruit yield.