• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2015

It is known that sulfide at the $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ ($CIGSe_2$) surface plays a positive role in $CIGSe_2$ solar cells. We investigated the substitution of S with Se on the $CIGSe_2$ surface in S atmosphere. We observed that the sulfur content in the $CIGSe_2$ films changed according to sulfurization temperature and Cu/(In+Ga) ratio. The sulfur content in the $CIGSe_2$ films increased with increasing the annealing temperature and Cu/(In+Ga) ratio. Also Cu migration toward the surface increased at higher temperature. Since high Cu concentration at the $CIGSe_2$ surface is detrimental role, it is necessary to reduce the S annealing temperature as low as $200^{\circ}C$. The cell performance was improved at $200^{\circ}C$ sulfurization.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2011

박막 태양전지의 저가 고효율화를 실현하기 위해 넓은 면적의 기판 위에 코팅이 가능하며 진공의 유자가 필요 없기 때문에 장치가 간단하고 고순도의 균질한 박막을 얻을 수 있고 박막의 조성을 쉽게 조절할 수 있는 Sol-Gel법을 이용 하였다. Se보다 저가이며 독성이 없고 풍부한 원료인 S로 치환하여 사용하며 Cu/In비 값을 조절하고 tetragonal chalcopyrite $CuInS_2$의 열처리 온도에 따른 박막의 구조적, 광학적 특성에 미치는 변수들의 영향을 알아보았다. XRD pattern을 관찰한 결과 Cu/In비가 1.0일 때 $2{\theta}=27.9^{\circ}$에서 주피크가 가장 강하게 나타났으며 (112) 방향의 배향성을 가진 chalcopyrite상임을 확언 할 수 있었다. 열처리 온도가 증가할수록 (112) 면의 강도가 커지며 $500^{\circ}C$에서 열처리를 한 $CuInS_2$ 박막은 tetragonal 구조의 화학량론적 $CuInS_2$ 특징을 나타내고 본 실험의 샘플의 격자상수를 측정한 값이 a = 5.5032, c = 11.1064 ${\AA}$이며 JCPDS(Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards)에 보고된 데이터 a = 5.523, c = 11.14 ${\AA}$과 거의 일치하였다. 광학적 특성을 알아보기 위해 측정한 광투과율은 가시광선 영역(380~770 nm)에서 전체적으로 30% 이하로 나타났다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.348-354
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• 2009

Copper(II) complexes with tetraoxo dithia tetraaza macrocyclic ligands; [18]ane$N_4S_2$: 1,4,10,13-tetraaza-5,9,14,18-tetraoxo-7,16-dithia-cyclooctadecane, [20]ane$N_4S_2$: 1,5,11,15-tetraaza-6,10,16,20-tetraoxo-8,18-dithia-cyclocosane,Bzo2[18]ane$N_4S_2$: dibenzo-1,4,10,13-tetraaza-5,9,14,18-tetraoxo-7,16-dithia-cyclooctadecane, Bzo2[20]ane$N_4S_2$: dibenzo-1,5,11,15-tetraaza-6,10,16,20-tetraoxo-8,18-dithia-cyclocosane; were entrapped in the nanopores of zeolite-Y by a two-step process in the liquid phase: (i) adsorption of [bis(diamine)copper(II)] (diamine = 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,2-diaminobenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene); $[Cu(N-N)_2]^{2+}$-NaY; in the nanopores of the zeolite, and (ii) in situ template condensation of the copper(II) precursor complex with thiodiglycolic acid. The obtained complexes and new host-guest nanocomposite materials; $[Cu([18]aneN_4S_2)]^{2+}-NaY,\;[Cu([20]aneN_4S_2)]^{2+}-NaY,\;[Cu(Bzo_2[18]aneN_4S_2)]^{2+}-NaY,\;[Cu(Bzo_2[20]aneN_4S_2)]^{2+}$-NaY; have been characterized by elemental analysis FT-IR, DRS and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques, molar conductance and magnetic moment data, XRD and, as well as nitrogen adsorption. Analysis of data indicates all of the complexes have been encapsulated within nanopore of zeolite Y without affecting the zeolite framework structure.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

이 논문에서 Al-Cu-Mg 합금의 미세 석출 입자의 S-상 ($Al_2CuMg$) 결정구조에 대해 전자회절실험에 의한 포괄적인 연구 결과가 보고 되어 있다. 이 실험에는 한 S-상 입자를 포함하는 최소 영역의 일정 zone축의 회절패턴(SAED) 관찰과 이에 대응되는 운동학적 이론을 기초로 한 패턴의 시물레이션과의 비교 분석, 그리고 관측된 회절 패턴 필름으로부터 각 Bragg회절 점의 강도의 정량적 데이터 추출과 운동학적 및 동역학적 회절 강도 계산과의 비교 검토의 과정을 포함하고 있다. 이러한 연구의 한 결과 S-상의 결정구조는 일찍이 X-ray 방법으로부터 얻은 PW 모델결정(Perlitz and Westgren, 1943)과 일치함을 보여주고 있고, HREM 방법에 의해 새로이 구한 RaVel (Radmilovic et al., 1999) 모델과는 전혀 맞지않음이 판명되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2006

The structure-property relations of ternary copper chalcogenides, $TlCu_{3-x}S_2$ and $\alpha-BaCu_{2-x}S_2$ are examined. The density of states, band dispersions, and Fermi surfaces of these compounds are investigated to verify the reason of the metal-insulator transitions by extended Huckel tight-binding band calculations. The origin of the metalinsulator transitions of non-stoichiometric $TlCu_{3-x}S_2$ and $\alpha-BaCu_{2-x}S_2$ is thought to be the electronic instability induced by their Fermi surface nesting.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.514-519
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• 2006

SrS:Cu, Cl thin films have been grown by the hot wall technique with S furnace placed on the outside of the growth chamber in order to investigate the crystallographic and optical characteristics. The films have a good crystallinity independent of CuCl wall temperature and PL characteristics showed a peak assigned by the transition form $3d^94s^1\;(^3Eg)$ to $3d^{10}\;(^1A_{1g})$ of $Cu^+$ center. It has also been found that. from the PLE spectra, $Cu^+$ luminescent centers are doped in the host materials. The EL emission from SrS:Cu-based device showed a greenish-blue but shifted to short wavelength compared to SrS:Ce-based EL. The device was obtained the maximum luminance of $110cd/m^2$ and the maximum luminous efficiency of $0.1\;lm/W$ at $V_{40}$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1992년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.67-72
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• 1992

In this paper, We prepared the thin film Cu-doped CdS Photovoltaic Cell, varying deposition condition by E-beam process and investigated its properties. After the Cu/CdS films were deposited on transparent ITO glass. We heat-treated to diffuse Cu atoms to CdS fi1m at 350[$^{\circ}C$]. With deposited Cu-doped CdS film. We investigated the electrical. optical. X-ray diffraction and junction property. We studied how to prepare the High conversion efficiency Solar cell window layer.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.97-97
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• 2014

The properties of thin film solar cells based on electrodeposited $CuIn(Se,S)_2$ were investigated. The proposed solar cell fabrication method involves a single-step $CuInSe_2$ thin film electrodeposition followed by sulfurization in a tube furnace to form a $CuIn(Se,S)_2$ quaternary phase. A sulfurization temperature of $450-550^{\circ}C$ significantly affected the performance of the $CuIn(Se,S)_2$ thin film solar cell in addition to its composition, grain size and bandgap. Sulfur(S) substituted for selenium(Se) at increasing rates with higher sulfurization temperature, which resulted in an increase in overall band gap of the $CuIn(Se,S)_2$ thin film. The highest conversion efficiency of 3.12% under airmass(AM) 1.5 illumination was obtained from the $500^{\circ}C$-sulfurized solar cell. The highest External Quantum Efficiency(EQE) was also observed at the sulfurization temperature of $500^{\circ}C$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.562-567
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• 2022

Novel self-illuminated smart windows were fabricated consisting of Cu-doped ZnS (ZnS:Cu) powder and polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). This smart window shows not only switchable transparency but also self-illumination without any attachable luminous body. Its electro-optical characteristics, transmittance, and luminance were investigated in relation to various applied voltages and composition ratios. The optical transmittance and luminous intensity increased with increasing applied voltages. However, the optical transmittance decreased with increasing ZnS:Cu powder content. One of the self-illuminated smart windows, which was fabricated with 9 wt% of ZnS:Cu, achieved the optical transmittance of 60.5% (at 550 nm) and the luminance of 11.0 cd/m² at 100 V. This smart window could be used as a normal switchable smart window in daytime and light-emitting signage at night.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1165-1167
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• 1995

The Cu-Si alloy has been proposed as a new matrix materal for filamentary Nb-Ti wires in AC use. The Cu-Si alloy shows approprite mechanical and electrical properties, and is economically more favourable than the Cu-Ni alloy matrix used currently. Moreover, the addition of Si to Cu prevents the formation of intermetallic compounds around the filaments. After we investigated resistivity and hardness of Cu-Si alloy as matrix materal, investigated CuSi/NbTi interface reactions and superconductivities of superconducting wires that were made by various heat treatment.