• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

This pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of combined micronutrient application($T_1$;control, $T_2$; Fe, $T_3$; Fe＋Mn, $T_4$; Fe＋Mn＋Cu, $T_5$ ; Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn, $T_6$ ; Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn＋Mo, $T_7$ ; Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn＋Mo＋B) on forage performance of pure and mixed cultures of orchardgrass and white clover. The third part was concerned with the changes in the contents and yields of N-compounds (crude/pure protein and soluble N-compounds) in forages. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The contents of N-compounds(crude/pure protein and soluble N-compounds) were generally different according to the forage species, whether it was a pure or mixed culture, and additional fertilization, especially N. In orchardgrass, these contents were relatively low at the $T_3$ and $T_6$ in both pure and mixed cultures. In white clover, these contents were relatively decreased by the $T_1$, $T_3$, and $T_6$ in mixed culture. 2. The treatments influenced relatively more on the yields of crude/pure protein than on the dry matter yields of forages, and this tendency was more significant in white clover than in orchardgrass. 3. In white clover, the great differences in the yields of crude protein by the treatments occurred especially in mixed culture and at 5th cut without no additional fertilization. In white clover, the positive effects of optimum treatments on the yields of crude protein seemed to be decreased by the additional fertilization, especially N. In mixed culture, the favorable growth of white clover by the optimum treatments tended to be positively related to the favorable contents and yields of N-compounds. The changes in the yields of pure protein were similar to the tendency of crude protein

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of treatment of fly ash on heavy metal contents in the grain. Rice was cultivated on the two types of paddy field, clay loam and sandy loam soil, with 0, 4, 8, 12t/10a of anthracite fly ash and bituminous coal fly ash, respectively. And soybean was cultivated on the same types of upland field with those of 0, 3, 6, 9t/10a, respectively. Also. rice and soybean were cultivated the same types of paddy and upland field with those ashes of 0, 12ton/10a and 0, 9ton/10a, yearly for three years. At the harvest time, the heavy metal contents in rice and soybean were Investigated. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Amount of application. 1) The contents of Cd in brown rice increased in the clay loam soil. Cr and Ni increased sandy loam soil with the application of anthracite fly ash. 2) The contents of Zn in rice increased in the sandy loam soil with the application of bituminous coal fly ash. 3) The contents of Cu in soybean increased with the application of anthracite and bituminous coal fly ash, but Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni increased only with the bituminous. 2. Successive application. 1) The contents of Cd in brown rice increased in the clay and sandy loam soil, however Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Fe increased only in sandy loam soil with the anthracite fly ash. 2) The contents of Cr in soybean were increased in the clay and sandy loam soil, but Cu, Fe increased only sandy loam soil with anthracite fly ash. 3) The contents of Cd, Zn, and Cr in brown rice increased in the clay and sandy loam soil, but those of Cu, Mn increased only in the sandy loam soil with application of bituminous. 4) The contents of Cd, Pb, and Cr in soybean increased in the sandy loam soil with the application of bituminous coal fly ash.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 1979

The contents of Sodium, Magnesium, Iron, nickel , Copper, Maganese and Zinc in Korean tobacco leaves Produced in 1978, were investigated. The contents of each mineral element in tobacco leaves of various varieties were as follows ; Mg was 5370$\mu{g}/g-7640\mu{g}/g$, Burley> Flue -cured >Native. Mn was 210$\mu{g}/g-1290\mu{g}/g$, Burley>Flue -cured>Native. Fe was 330$\mu{g}/g-590\mu{g}/g$, Burley>Flue -cured>Native. Zn was 500$\mu{g}/g$ -100, Native > Burley>Flue-cured. Na, Ni and Cu showed no difference between the types. The contents of Ha, Mg, Mn, Ni and Cu were reduced in the order of Heavy 5, 3, 1 and increased in the order of Light 1, 3, 5 grades. The correlation coefficient (r) between Mg and grade in Hicks, SC 72 and HC 2326 were 0.770-0.981, and significance level was 0.1 % .

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.250-257
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of meteorological elements on the changes of inorganic nutrient contents in leaves of 'ruyu' and 'Nishimurawase' sweet persimmon during the growing season. The contents of N, P, K and Cu decreased in leaves of 'Fuyu' and 'Nishimurawase' sweet persimmon during vegetative growth, while Ca, Mg and Mn increased. The K content was higher in leaves of 'Fuyu' than in 'Nishimurawase' sweet persimmon. The P and Ca content was higher in 'Nishimurawase' leaves than in 'Fuyu' sweet persimmon. Mean temperature was positively correlated with content of P in leaves. Rainfall was positively correlated with the content of Ca in leaves, whereas it was negatively correlated with content of N and Cu in leaves. The duration of sunshine was positively correlated with N and Cu in leaves but negatively correlated with that of Ca, Mg, and Mn content.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2003

Growth and mineral composition of young radish in soil amended with sewage sludge (ISS) with or without liming were investigated. Levels of EC, T-N, and micronutrients were increased in the ISS treatment (50 Mg/ha) compared to the NPK treatment but those of available P and exchangeable cations were decreased. Chlorosis was appear on the young radish leaf at the ISS treatment, but this phytotoxic symptom was corrected with lime amendment (3 Mg/ha). Yields of young radish leaf and root in the combined treatment of ISS and lime were increased about 29 and 48%, respectively, compared with those in the ISS treatment. Contents of P, K, Ca, and Mg in young radish were higher in the combined treatment to ISS and lime, whereas those contents in the ISS treatment were lower than those in the NPK treatment. Contents of Cu, Zn, and Ni in soil and young radish leaf were positively correlated with total N content in young radish leaf, while contents of P, K, Ca, and Mg were negatively correlated. Contents of Cu, Zn, and Ni in leaf were negatively correlated with yield of young radish. Contents of Cu and Zn in leaf corresponding with a 5% yield reduction of young radish were 22.4 and 349 mg/kg, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.80-80
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of heavy metals in percolated water of paddy soil in which rice was cultivated in conditions of 0%, 5%. 30% addition of bituminous and anthracite fly ash respectively. In cultivated plot, the contents of Fe in percolated water increased gradually during the cultivation. But there was no sharp difference of Fe contents in fly ash treated plots. The contents of Mn in percolated water increased gradually during the cultivation and was high in the cultivated plot. But difference in the contents of Mn among plots not clear. The contents of Zn in percolated water was highest during 20-25 days in the cultivation, thereafter decreased gradually. The fly ash did not cause to increase the contents of Zn in percolated water. The contents of Cu in percolated water decreased through the cultivation. Fly ash treatment did not cause to increase the contents of Cu in percolated water. The contents of Pb in percolated water decreased gradually over the cultivation. Fly ash treatment did not largely influence to Pb percolation. In mid-July. Pb did not almost appeared in percolated water. The contents of Cd was highest about 15 days of the transplant, thereafter decreased gradually. After 40 day of the cultivation, leach of Cd stopped. When fly ashes were applied in paddy soil, the contents of heavy metals in percolated water was not so much compared with control plot. It seems that originally low contents of heavy metals in fly ash and decrease in solubility of heavy metals in a relatively high soil pH make it possible to use fly ash as a soil conditioner.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.236-246
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• 2006

In this study, we give insight into questionable results that can be encountered in the conventional sequential extraction of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) from soils. Objectives of this study were to determine the extraction variability of exchangeable (EXC)-metals as using six different EXC-extractants commonly accepted, and to investigate selectivity problems with carbonates bound (CAB)-metal fraction, a buffered acetate (1.0 M NaOAc; pH 5.0) extractable-metal fraction, leading to erratic results in especially non-calcareous soils. The contents of EXC-metals were markedly varied with the different extractability of various EXC-metal extractants used. The contents of EXC-Cd fraction were ranged from 2.0 to 74.3% of total Cd content in all of the metal spiked soils studied. The contents of EXC-Zn fraction extracted with the different EXC-extractants were varied with soil types, which were from 0.4 to 3.9% of total Zn in the calcareous soils, from 7.6 to 17.9% in the acidic soil, and from 13.6 to 56.8% in the peat soil. However, the contents of EXC-Cu fraction were relatively similar among the applications of different EXC-meal extractants, 0.2 to 2.1 % of total Cu, in all soils tested. Also, these varied amounts of EXC-metal fractions, especially Cd and Zn, seriously impacted the contents of subsequent metal fractions in the procedure. Furthermore, the CAB-Cd, -Cu, and -Zn fractions extracted by the buffered acetate solution were in critical problem. That is, the buffered acetate solution dissolved not only CAB-metals but also metals that bound or occupied to subsequent fractions, especially OXD-metal fraction, in both calcareous and non-calcareous soils. The erratic results of CAB-fraction also seriously impacted the amounts of subsequent metal fractions. Therefore, the conventional sequential extraction should be reconsidered theoretically and experimentally to quantify the target metal fractions or might be progressively discarded.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.713-720
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• 2002

In order to provide the basic information on the environmental pollution of Kyungsan province, the contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn in soil, stream water, aquatic sediment and groundwater were investigated, and also the values of pH, COD, $KMnO_4-C$,\;NH_3-N,\;NO_2-N,\;NO_3-N$ and $Cl^-$ of stream water and groundwater were determined. The results were as follows. The values of COD, $NH_3-N,\;NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ of the stream waters were very low. The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in the stream waters were respectively at range of $0.014~0.063 mg/{\ell},\;0.004~0.007 mg/{\ell$\mid$, 0~0.045 mg/{\ell},\;0~0.008 mg/{\ell}$\;and\;$0.001~0.175 mg/{\ell}$, and these values were much lower than those of contaminated stream water in Korea. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in the soils were respectively at range of 0.12~O.71 ppm, 0.88~2.65 ppm, 2.86~22.33 ppm and 3.89~26.39 ppm, and these values were much lower than those of ordinary polluted areas in Korea. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, As, Zn and Mn in the aquatic sediments were respectively at range of 3.05~3.81 ppm, 14.6~70.6 ppm, 13.74~61.59 ppm, 76.8~465.5 ppm, 12.56~190.83 ppm and 333.3~l188.3 ppm. The values of pH, $KMnO_4-C,\;NH_3-N$, and $NO_3-N$ of the groundwaters were respectively at range of 7.6~8.4, $0~3.95{\ell}$, 0.05~0.15 mg/{\ell}$ and 0.05~0.42 $mg/{\ell}$. The contents of Pb, Cd and Cr in the groundwaters were respectively at range of 0.015~0.061 $mg/{\ell}$, 0.O06~0.009 $mg/{\ell}$ and 0.005~0.045 $mg/{\ell}$.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 1996

In order to investigate the extent and degree of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contamination affected by mining activities of the Dalsung Cu~W mine, sampling of stream sediments and waters has been undertaken up to 1.5 km downstream from the mine at 50~150 meter intervals. Analysis of the samples was carried out using ICP-AES for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Physical and chemical properties of sediments (pH, organic matter contents, cation exchange capacity) and waters (pH, Eh and temperature) were also measured. The properties of the sediment samples were characterized by low pH (3.0~5.5), low organic matter contents (2~5%) and a moderate degree of cation exchange capacity (7~15 meq/100 g) with a high proportion of sand fraction. The pH values of water samples ranged from 3.0 to 5.0 and the Eh levels were in the range of 350~530 mV. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the sediments averaged 3.2 mg/kg, 1,390 mg/kg, 451 mg/kg and 262 mg/kg with the range of 0.6~11.4 mg/kg, 15~3,800 mg/kg, 14~1,330 mg/kg and 63~1,060 mg/kg, respectively. Significant levels of the heavy metals were also found in the water samples with the range of $10{\sim}170{\mu}gCd/l$, $300{\sim}41,600{\mu}gCu/l$, $10{\sim}80{\mu}gPb/l$ and $700{\sim}15,400{\mu}gZn/l$. These elevated concentrations in the sediments and waters may be caused by the weathering of mine waste materials and their high solubilities under acidic and/or oxidizing conditions. Although metal concentrations in the samples decrease with the distance from the mine, heavy metal contamination of sediments and waters were also found at the 1.5 km downstream due to the mobile conditions of the heavy metals, with particular reference to Cd and Zn in stream waters.