• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cu contents

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Case Studies of Geophysical Mapping of Hazard and Contaminated Zones in Abandoned Mine Lands (폐광 부지의 재해 및 오염대 조사관련 물리탐사자료의 고찰)

  • Sim, Min-Sub;Ju, Hyeon-Tae;Kim, Kwan-Soo;Kim, Ji-Soo
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.525-534
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    • 2014
  • Environmental problems typically occurring in abandoned mine lands (AML) include: contaminated and acidic surface water and groundwater; stockpiled waste rock and mill tailings; and ground subsidences due to mining operations. This study examines the effectiveness of various geophysical techniques for mapping potential hazard and contaminated zones. Four AML sites with sedimentation contamination problems, acid mine drainage (AMD) channels, ground subsidence, manmade liner leakage, and buried mine tailings, were selected to examine the applicability of various geophysical methods to the identification of the different types of mine hazards. Geophysical results were correlated to borehole data (core samples, well logs, tomographic profiles, etc.) and water sample data (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and heavy metal contents). Zones of low electrical resistivity (ER) corresponded to areas contaminated by heavy metals, especially contamination by Cu, Pb, and Zn. The main pathways of AMD leachate were successfully mapped using ER methods (low anomaly peaks), self-potential (SP) curves (negative peaks), and ground penetrating radar (GPR) at shallow penetration depths. Mine cavities were well located based on composite interpretations of ER, seismic tomography, and well-log records; mine cavity locations were also observed in drill core data and using borehole image processing systems (BIPS). Damaged zones in buried manmade liners (used to block descending leachate) were precisely detected by ER mapping, and buried rock waste and tailings piles were characterized by low-velocity zones in seismic refraction data and high-resistivity zones in the ER data.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Various Ginseng Seeds (품종 별 인삼 씨의 이화학적 성분 비교)

  • Kim, Hee Jung;Yoo, Kyung Mi;Lee, Seul;Kim, Kyung-Tack;Hwang, In Kyeong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.274-278
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    • 2013
  • The aim of our study was to investigate the chemical composition of the Asian ginseng seed (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and the American ginseng seed (Panax quinquifolium L.) grown in Korea (3 years, KGS3; 4 years, KGS4), China (4 years, CGS4), and USA (4 years, AGS4). AGS had the heaviest 100-seed weight ($4.21{\pm}0.31g$). The approximate compositions of the ginseng seeds were 13.66-17.00% crude protein, 2.21-8.65% crude ash, 19.06-24.06% crude lipid, and 43.21-47.49% crude fiber. The mineral contents of the ginseng seeds were greater in order of K>P>Ca>Mg>Fe>Na>Zn >Cu. The unsaturated fatty acid content was 96.71-96.94%, and the major fatty acids oleic acid and linoleic acid were present. Total sugar content was 15.00-26.17 mg glucose/g. The acidic polysaccharide content was 0.56-0.80 mg ${\beta}$-Dgalacturonic acid/g. These results showed the differences in the physicochemical characteristics of ginseng seeds with respect to cultivation location, cultivation year, and species.

Relations between Soil Physicochemical Properties and Ginger Growth (토양의 물리.화학적 성질과 생강 생육과의 관계)

  • Kim, Dong-Jin;Ahn, Byung-Koo;Lee, Jin-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.283-294
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    • 2013
  • Root-rot disease is a serious problem in ginger cultivation fields and it reduces the quality and productivity of ginger. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil physical and chemical properties on the changes of ginger growth. As comparing the selected soil chemical properties after harvesting the ginger plants with those before planting them, the contents of total nitrogen and exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ increased, whereas electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable $K^+$ content decreased. Potassium (K) concentrations in ginger plant were markedly higher in both its shoot and root parts ranging from 63.9 to $72.3g\;kg^{-1}$ and from 27.6 to $37.3g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, which might be related to the decrease of exchangeable $K^+$ content in soils. Incidence rate of ginger root-rot disease in the plots ranges between 26.7% and 88.1%. It was higher in low elevation plots with clay loam soils than in high elevation plots. In addition, the incidence of the disease increased as affected by high temperature and humid condition during the growth and maturity stages of ginger. Therefore, soil texture, field slop, and drainage system as well as chemical properties should be considered to cultivate ginger plant.

A Geochemical Study on Pyrophyllite Deposits and Andesitic Wall-Rocks in the Milyang Area, Kyeongnam Province (경남 밀양지역 납석광상과 안산암질 모암의 지구화학적 연구)

  • Oh, Dae-Gyun;Chon, Hyo-Taek;Min, Kyoung-Won
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.27-39
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    • 1992
  • Several pyrophyllite deposits occur around the Milyang area where Cretaceous andesitic rocks and spatially related granitic rocks are widely distributed. Pyrophyllite ores consist mainly of pyrophyllite, and quartz with small amount of sericite, pyrite, dumortierite, and diaspore. The andesitic rocks and spatially related granitic rocks in this area suggest that they could be formed from the same series of a calc-alkaline magma series. The contents of $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, LOI(loss on ignition) are enriched, and $K_2O$, $Na_2O$, CaO, MgO, $Fe_2O_3$ are depleted in altered andesitic rocks and ores. Enrichment of As, Cr, Sr, V, Sb and depletion of Ba, Cs, Ni, Rb, U, Y, Co, Sc, Zn are characteristic during mineralization. The pyrophyllite ores can be discriminated from the altered-and unaltered wall-rocks by an increasing of $(La/Lu)_{cn}$ from 4.18~22.13 to 8.98~55.05. In R-mode cluster analysis, Yb-Lu-Y, La-Ce-Hf-Th-U-Zr, $TiO_2-V-Al_2O_3$, Sm-Eu, $CaO-Na_2O-MnO$, Cu-Zn-Ag, $K_2O-Rb$ are closely correlated. In the discriminant analysis of multi-element data, $P_2O_5$, As, Cr and $Fe_2O_3$, Sr are helpful to identify the ores from the unaltered-and altered wall-rocks. In the factor analysis, the factors of alteration of andesitic rocks and ore mineralization were extracted. In the change of ions per unit volume, $SiO_2$, $Al^{3+}$ and LOI are enriched and $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ are depleted during the alteration processes. The Milyang and the Sungjin pyrophyllite deposits could be mineralized by hydrothermal alteration in a geochemical condition of low activity ratio of alkaline ions to hydrogen ion with reference to spatially related granitic rocks.

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Ecological Characteristics of Actinomycetes from Mercury and Chrome Polluted Soil (수은, 6가크롬 오염토양으로부터 분리된 방선균군의 생태학적 특성)

  • Cho Min-Hye;Han Sang-Mi;Baek Ha-Ju;Whang Kyung-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.24 no.1 s.61
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 2006
  • Ecological characteristics of microbial populations inhabiting heavy metal polluted soil were investigated. The samples were collected from 293 sites around an factory and industry at Gyeoungsangbuk-do. We measured the contents of seven heavy metal elements (Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, $Cr^{6+}$, CN), seven sites have been seriously contaminated by mercury and chrome. A quantitative evaluation of microbial populations in mercury and chrome contaminated soil was examined by using plate count method. Bacterial numbers in polluted soil samples ranged from $7.4X10^5\;to\;9.3X10^7\;cfu\;g^{-1}$, about $10\sim100$ fold less than the count for the unpolluted soil. Moulds were not detected in chrome polluted soil. The log values of actinomycetes of each contaminated soil samples were log ranged from 6.18 to 7.52. The ratio of actinomycetes was similar to unpolluted soil. The investigation showed actinomycetes to be the major microbial population inhabiting the mercury and chrome polluted soil. Thirty-one isolates among the total isolates were examined for antibacterial activity. These isolates were identified based on a phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences, they were categorized in three major phylogenetic groups, belong to the Streptomyces (6 strains), Saccharopolyspora (3 strains), Nocardiodes (1 strain). On the phylogenetic tree, the clade consisting of five isolates were distantly related to all of the established Streptomycetes genera, indicating the possibility as members of new species.

Influence of Spa Sewage on the Water and Soil Pollution and Restoration I. Influence of Spa Sewage on the Pollution of Stream Water and Agricultural Land (온배수 유입 소형하천의 수질 및 토양오염과 회복에 관한 연구: I. 온배수가 인근 소하천과 농업 환경에 미치는 영향)

  • 정연태;이덕배;이경보;김미연;김백호;최민규;박승택
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.337-344
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    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to investigate the influence of spa sewage on water quality and chemical contents in the paddy soil along stream from 1997 to 1998. Concentration of $PO_4, SO_4, Cl, NH_{4}, Ca, Na$ and COD in the spa sewage were lower than standard for agricultural usage, and were lowered as the sewage flew to the into stream. The concentration of $SO_4$in spa sewage was over the criteria for agricultural usage in the inlet, but was lower than criteria for agricultural usage by inlet of non polluted stream water. Concentration of pollutants in the sediment of water channel were the highest in the inlet site. There were no pollutants accumulation in the paddy soil where spa sewage was irrigated. It may be resulted from nutrients uptake of rice plant and self purification of paddy soil. On the while, considering electric conductivity and nitrate in spa sewage, this results suggest that long-term irrigation of the spa sewage may be required general management with some decreasing fertilization.

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The Antioxidative and Nitrite Scavenging Ability of Solvent Extracts from Wild Grape (Vitis Coignetiea) Skin (머루 과피 용매추출물의 항산화성 및 아질산염 소거작용)

  • Choi, Sun-Young;Cho, Hyun-So;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.35 no.8
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    • pp.961-966
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    • 2006
  • This study was worked out to investigate antioxidant activity of solvent extracts from wild grape skin by measuring electron donating ability (EDA), reducing power, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitrite scavenging ability. Total phenolic compound and flavonoids contents were the highest in ethyl acetate extract, $54.4{\pm}1.18\;mg/100\;g$ and $645.1{\pm}5.05\;mg/100\;g$, respectively. The EDA and reducing power of solvent extracts from wild grape skin were proportionally increased with concentration and ethyl acetate extract $(79.2{\pm}0.06%)$ showed the stronger than BHT $(74.1{\pm}0.15%)$ at concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$, especially. SOD-like ability of ethyl acetate $(25.1{\pm}0.41%)$ and butanol $(20.2{\pm}0.13%)$ extracts were stronger than other extracts at concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. TBARS of ethyl acetate extract was higher than ascorbic acid. Nitrite scavenging ability of solvent extracts from wild grape skin (pH 2.5, $1000\;{\mu}g/mL$) were in order of ethyl acetate $(90.5{\pm}0.75%)$>butanol $(65.9{\pm}2.16%)$>hexane $(58.1{\pm}1.74%)$>chloroform $(55.4{\pm}1.02%)$>water $(40.9{\pm}0.35%)$. Antioxidant activity of solvent extracts from wild grape skin was the highest in ethyl acetate extract from the results of our experiments.

Geochemical Characteristics of Stream Sediments and Waters around the Pungam Landfill in Gwangju City, Korea (광주광역시 풍암매립지 주변 하상퇴적물과 물의 지구화학적 특성)

  • Park, Cheon-Young;Shim, In-Hyun;Bae, Jong-Phill;Ahn, Kun-Sang
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.290-302
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to evaluate geochemical properties for stream sediments, surrounding soils, sludge collected in the drainage pipe of leachate and waters (stream water, groundwater, leachate) around the Pungam Landfill in Gwangju city. The stream sediments don't show any systematic trend of contents from upstream to downstream. The most enriched major element in the stream sediments is Fe (up to 7.08wt.% in GJ-23). Though stream sediment GJ-23 and GJ-34 were enriched by some heavy metals (eg. As, Cu, Zn), they do not constitute serious problems for environment consideration. The concentration of Fe (35.lwt.%) and As (38ppm) are significantly high in the GJ-8, which is soil specimen adjacent to leachate reservoir. The sludge (GJ-7) shows very high concentrations of As, Mn, Cr, Pb. In particular, the Cr content is 45.6 ppm, which exceeds the permitted level. The leachate is characterized by high TDS (2210-2470mg/L) and high electric conductivity (468, 530ms/cm), and enriched in both cation (Na, K) and anion (HCO$_3$). The leachate(PK-3) had a relatively high concentration of Cl, and is plotted in Na-Cl type on the Piper's diagram. The NO$_3$-N of the groundwater and stream water exceeded the permitted levels for drinking water.

Population and transfer factor of basidiomycota collected in the heavy metal-contaminated and healthy soils (중금속 오염지 및 건전지역에서 수집된 담자균류의 분포)

  • Jang, Kab-Yeul;Choi, Sun-Gyu;Lee, Kang-Hyo;Seok, Soon-Ja;Cheong, Jong-Chun;Jung, Gu-Bok;Kim, Gyu-Hyun;Sung, Jae-Mo
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.145-153
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    • 2005
  • Two hundred seventy-four microorganisms were isolated from the soil of abandoned mines around for selecting the heavy metal-degrading strains and their microbial diversity was analyzed. The specimens of macrofungi were isolated from the soil of abandoned mines around for selecting the heavy metal-degrading strains. Eunseong and Dogok in Gyeongsangbuk-do, for selecting the heavy metal-degrading strains. Soil was also collected from same location. Contents of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, and As) were determined spectrometically in fruiting bodies of forty eight wild macrofungi specimens with soils. When the analysed their transfer factor from soil to fruiting body, Amanita volvata have the highest transfer factor of cadmium and arsenic. And Mycena pura showed the highest in mercury, Marasmius pulcherripes in zinc, Laccaria laccata in nickel, and Collybia confluens in chrome. When compare the population of mushrooms between the contaminated mines and Mt. Chiak as the healthy area, Genus Russula and Collybia were collected both area, but Leucocoprinus, Coprinus, Suillus, Lepiost, Gyroporus, Lepista, Microstoma, Stropharia, and Agrocybe were only in the contaminated mine area.

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Influence of Physico.Chemical Properties of Root Substrates on the Growth of Mother Plants and the Occurrence of Daughter Plants during the Propagation of 'Maehyang' Strawberry Using a Bag Culture System ('매향' 딸기 번식을 위한 플라스틱 백 재배시 상토 물리.화학성이 모주생육과 자묘 발생에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Jong-Myung;Park, Ji-Young;Ko, Kwan-Dal;Lee, Chi-Won W.
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.191-197
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    • 2010
  • The objective of this research was to determine the influence of the physical and chemical properties of root substrates used during the production of 'Maehyang' strawberry propaguleson the growth of the mother plants and the rate of daughter plant formation. Plants were cultured in plastic bags containing six different formulations of root substrates composed of: a) 50% coir dust and 50% perlite (5:5 by volume, A), b) 60% coir dust and 40% perlite (6:4, B), c) 70% coir dust and 30% perlite (7:3, C), d) 70% coir dust and 30% coconut chip (7:3 D), e) 60% coir dust and 40% coconut chip (60:40, E), or f) 50% sphagnum peat and 50% vermiculite (50:50, F). All media formulations contained a moderate level of base fertilizers. Physical and chemical properties of each formulation were determined before plant establishment and after 120 days of stock plant culture and runner production. Total porosity (TP) and container capacity (CC) of all substrate formulations were higher than 85% and 55%, respectively, allowing a suitable range of air and water holding characteristics. Formulation F provided the highest TP and CC values among the all substrate modifications evaluated. Substrate formulations A, B, C and F had higher electrical conductivity (EC) and $NO_3{^-}$-N concentrations than formulations D and E, when determined before and after plant culture. Formulations A, B, C, and F, having higher EC readings, also performed better as root substrates thanthe formulations D and E in increasing fresh and dry weights of the runners as well as the production of daughter plants per plant. The 'Maehyang' strawberry plants grown in the formulation F had the highest tissue N content, followed by those grown in substrate B, A, C, or D for 120 days after transplanting. Formulation F also facilitated accumulation of higher tissue phosphorus (P) and copper (Cu) contents compared to other treatments. Results of this experiment suggest that the chemical properties, rather than physical properties, of root substrates had a major influence on the growth of mother plants and the occurrence of healthy daughter plants during the bag-culture phase of propagation.