• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1581-1586
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• 2009

The CEM (Crash Energy Management) concept is getting important in rail vehicle design to minimize Injury on passengers and drivers on crash event. In this paper, the accuracy of the FEA analysis result was verified through the crush test on the front part of a non-CEM based carbody. Using the verified FEA analysis method, the energy absorbing capability of the CEM based carbody was estimated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2000

This paper describes the beneficial effect of weldment imperfection of the cask impact limiter, by applying intermittent-weld, for impact energy absorbing behavior. From the point of view of energy absorbing efficiency of an energy absorber, it is desirable to reduce the crush load resistance and increase the deformation of the energy absorber within certain limit. This paper presents the test results of intermittent-weldment and the analysis results of cask impacts and the discussions of the improvement of impact mitigating effect by the imperfect-weldment. The rupture of imperfect weldment of an impact limiter improves the energy-absorbing efficiency by reducing the crush load amplitude without loss of total energy absorption. The beneficial effect of weldment imperfection should be considered to the cask impact limiter design.

• The Monthly Technology and Standards
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• s.12
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• pp.67-78
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• 2003

In order to keep a characteristic corrugated fibreboard of fruits and flowers, temperature and humidity change of corrugated fibreboard are analyzed. According to relative humidity rises at fixed temperature, bursting strength of corrugated fibreboard was fallen and double wall corrugated fibreboard appeared greatly the bursting strength decline rate than double faced corrugated fibreboard and edgewise compressive strength of paper more than humidity 80% in rapidly fall. A column crush test of paper became decrease in the high temperature and ordinary temperature strength did over humidity 70% rapidly fallen and strength decrease happened by low temperature 80% slowly fallen and later rapidly. According to ISO standard temperature humidity conditioning (23$\pm$2 , 50$\pm$2%) change, pulp composition difference as to the ring crush strength of a physical strength and generally compare to KS standard increased 5∼8% for the compressive strength, and wet strength reagent was increased 4% inside and out.

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.405-412
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• 2004

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.109-124
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• 2006

Responses to various types of mechanically induced wounding were followed in the giant-celled Caulerpalean species, Derbesia tenuissima, using time-lapse video-microscopy. Gametophyte vesicle cells. Puncture wounding: the gametophyte cell seals the puncture in 5 min. This is followed by cycles of ruptures and sealing, ending with full recovery in 24 hrs. Cut wounding: the protoplast immediately retracts away from the wall and reforms an intact, deflated protoplast that expands to fill the original cell within 21 hrs. Crush wounding (internal). When retained within the cell wall many protoplast fragments condense, round up, and coalesce; the reconstituted protoplast expands until it attains complete recovery, filling the original cell shape in 12 hrs. Crush wounding (external). Protoplast fragments extruded from the crushed cell are more numerous and smaller taking longer to recover. Most fragments become spherical, transforming into small viable cells capable of reproduction in several days. Sporophyte filaments. Crush wounding creates many small fragments that initially condense, coalesce and then expand within the wall to restore a complete filament with normal cytoplasmic streaming within 5 hrs. Reproduction: gametophyte. Our culture isolates produce more females than males (30:1). Gametangia develop one day before discharge that occurs explosively (1/6 sec) at first morning light. The vesicle cell forms successive gametangia every 14 days. Sporophyte. Each sporangium develops on a lateral branch that becomes isolated by the creation of successive basal plugs. After cytoplasmic cleavage and differentiation the stephanokont spores are discharged. The spores settle quickly and germinate forming gametophyte cells.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation(TENS) after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Methods: The EA for experimental group I (Exp I, n=15) and TENS for experimental group II (Exp II, n=15) was applied from post-injury day(PD) 1 to PD 14 after sciatic nerve injury using low frequency stimulator that gave electrical stimulation(15min/60Hz). In order observe the effect of EA and TENS, this study examined GAP-43 expression in rat lumbar spinal cord at the PD 1, PD 7 and PD 14. In addition, the stride length(SL) and toe out angle(TOA) were measured at the PD 7 and PD 4. Results; Exp I and Exp II had higher GAP-43 immunoreactivity than control group(PD 1, 7, 14). The SL of Exp I and Exp II were significantly higher than control group(PD 7, 14). The TOA of Exp I and Exp II were significantly lower than control group(PD 7, 14). Conclusion: EA and TENS application increased motor nerve recovery and expression of GAP-43 immunoreactivity after sciatic nerve crush injury. Therefore effect of TENS and EA had similar effect on nerve regeneration and functional recovery.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.201-211
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• 2005

Cdc2 kinase is a prototypical cyclin-dependent kinase critical for G2 to M phase cell cycle transition. Yet, its function in the nervous system is largely unknown. Here, we investigated possible role of Cdc2 in axonal regeneration using sciatic nerve system in rat. Cdc2 protein levels and activity were increased in the injured sciatic nerves 3 and 7 days after crush injury and then decreased to basal level 14 days later. Administration of Cdc2 kinase inhibitor roscovitine in vivo at the time of crush injury significantly inhibited axonal regeneration when regrowing axons were analyzed using retrograde tracers. Cdc2 protein levels in cultured Schwann cells which were prepared from sciatic nerves 7 days after crush injury were much higher compared with those from uninjured sciatic nerves, suggesting that Cdc2 protein expression was primarily induced in the Schwann cells. To further investigate Cdc2 function in Schwann cell, we examined changes in cultured Schwann cell proliferation and migration in culture system. Both the number of proliferating Schwann cells and the extent of neurite outgrowth from co-cultured DRG neurons were significantly decreased by Cdc2 inhibitor roscovitine treatment in DRG culture which was prepared from animals with sciatic nerve injury for 7 days. Also, Schwann cell migration in the injured sciatic nerve explant was significantly inhibited by roscovitine treatment. Taken together, the present data suggest that Cdc2 may be involved in peripheral nerve regeneration via Schwann cell proliferation and migration.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.16-25
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• 2002

Low energy laser irradiation(LELI) therapy in physical therapy is widespread but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine the epidermal growth factor(EGF)'s expression within lumbar spinal cord which corresponding with crushed extensor digitorum longus(EDL) of rats after low-power laser irradiation applied. After a crushed injury on the right EDL, low-power laser irradiation was applied by using 2000mW, 2000Hz, 830nm GaAlAs(Gallium-aluminum-arsenide) semiconductor diode laser. The laser treatment was performed with 10 minutes daily for 3days. After EDL crush injury, EGF immunoreactive positive neurons in experimental group were progressively decreased from the first to third days. Especially 1 day subgroup is highly expressed in dorsal horn(Lamina I, II, III) and around of central cannal of spinal cord(Lamina VII). Control group was only expressed slightly at 3 days. This study suggests that LELI stimulate that release and migration of EGF in spinal cord, which distict to wound site, therfore promote wound healing of EDL crush injury.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.187-195
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and electroacupuncture(EA) after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Subjects were classified TENS group with TENS application, EA group with EA application and Control group which is not applicated electrical stimulation. TENS and EA stimulations were applied post-injury day(PD) 1 to 14 after sciatic nerve injury. This study observed c-fos expression in rat lumbar spinal cord. In addition, the paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and sciatic function index(SFI) were measured. The results were as follows: At PD 1, control group had higher c-fos immunoreactivity than experimental groups. At PD 7 and 14, control group had higher c-fos immunoreactivity than experimental groups. The PWL of experimental groups were significantly lower than control group. The SFI had not significant difference in all groups. But the average of experimental groups were higher than control group. These results suggest that TENS and EA applications increasing sensory and motor nerve recovery while decreasing c-fos immunoreactivity after sciatic nerve crush injury.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.31-56
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• 2024

Pig farming, a vital industry, necessitates proactive measures for early disease detection and crush symptom monitoring to ensure optimum pig health and safety. This review explores advanced thermal sensing technologies and computer vision-based thermal imaging techniques employed for pig disease and piglet crush symptom monitoring on pig farms. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive and efficient technology for measuring pig body temperature, providing advantages such as non-destructive, long-distance, and high-sensitivity measurements. Unlike traditional methods, IRT offers a quick and labor-saving approach to acquiring physiological data impacted by environmental temperature, crucial for understanding pig body physiology and metabolism. IRT aids in early disease detection, respiratory health monitoring, and evaluating vaccination effectiveness. Challenges include body surface emissivity variations affecting measurement accuracy. Thermal imaging and deep learning algorithms are used for pig behavior recognition, with the dorsal plane effective for stress detection. Remote health monitoring through thermal imaging, deep learning, and wearable devices facilitates non-invasive assessment of pig health, minimizing medication use. Integration of advanced sensors, thermal imaging, and deep learning shows potential for disease detection and improvement in pig farming, but challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed for successful implementation. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies used in the pig farming industry, including computer vision algorithms such as object detection, image segmentation, and deep learning techniques. It also discusses the benefits and limitations of IRT technology, providing an overview of the current research field. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and farmers regarding IRT application in pig production, highlighting notable approaches and the latest research findings in this field.