• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.50-55
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• 2008

As more DSP functionalities are integrated into an embedded mobile device, power consumption and device reliability have emerged as crucial issues. As the complexity of mobile embedded designs increases very rapidly, verifying the functionality of the mobile devices has become extremely difficult. Therefore, designs with error (fault) tolerance are often required since these capabilities will enable the design to operate properly even with some existence of errors. However, designs with fault tolerance may suffer from significant power overhead since fault tolerance is often achieved by resource replication. In this paper, we propose a low power and fault tolerant MAC (multiply-and-accumulate) design. The proposed MAC design is based on multiple barrel shifters since MAC designs with barrel-shifters and adders are known to be excellent in terms of power consumption.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.933-961
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• 2015

Damage by high-speed impact fracture is a dominant mode of failure in several applications of concrete structures. Numerical modelling can play a crucial role in understanding and predicting complex fracture processes. The commonly used mesh-based Finite Element Method has difficulties in accurately modelling the high deformation and disintegration associated with fracture, as this often distorts the mesh. Even with careful re-meshing FEM often fails to handle extreme deformations and results in poor accuracy. Moreover, simulating the mechanism of fragmentation requires detachment of elements along their boundaries, and this needs a fine mesh to allow the natural propagation of damage/cracks. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is an alternative particle based (mesh-less) Lagrangian method that is particularly suitable for analysing fracture because of its capability to model large deformation and to track free surfaces generated due to fracturing. Here we demonstrate the capabilities of SPH for predicting brittle fracture by studying a slender concrete structure (column) under the impact of a high-speed projectile. To explore the effect of the projectile material behaviour on the fracture process, the projectile is assumed to be either perfectly-elastic or elastoplastic in two separate cases. The transient stress field and the resulting evolution of damage under impact are investigated. The nature of the collision and the constitutive behaviour are found to considerably affect the fracture process for the structure including the crack propagation rates, and the size and motion of the fragments. The progress of fracture is tracked by measuring the average damage level of the structure and the extent of energy dissipation, which depend strongly on the type of collision. The effect of fracture property (failure strain) of the concrete due to its various compositions is found to have a profound effect on the damage and fragmentation pattern of the structure.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1517-1526
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• 2018

Investigating bacterial diversity and its metabolic capabilities is crucial for interpreting the ecological patterns in a desert environment and assessing the presence of exploitable microbial resources. In this study, we evaluated the spatial heterogeneity of physicochemical parameters, soil bacterial diversity and metabolic adaptation at meter scale. Soil samples were collected from two quadrats of a desert (Thar Desert, India) with a hot, arid climate, very little rainfall and extreme temperatures. Analysis of physico-chemical parameters and subsequent variance analysis (p-values < 0.05) revealed that sulfate, potassium and magnesium ions were the most variable between the quadrats. Microbial diversity of the two quadrats was studied using Illumina bar-coded sequencing by targeting V3-V4 regions of 16S rDNA. As for the results, 702504 high-quality sequence reads, assigned to 173 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at species level, were examined. The most abundant phyla in both quadrats were Actinobacteria (38.72%), Proteobacteria (32.94%), and Acidobacteria (9.24%). At genus level, Gaiella represented highest prevalence, followed by Streptomyces, Solirubrobacter, Aciditerrimonas, Geminicoccus, Geodermatophilus, Microvirga, and Rubrobacter. Between the quadrats, significant difference (p-values < 0.05) was found in the abundance of Aciditerrimonas, Geodermatophilus, Geminicoccus, Ilumatobacter, Marmoricola, Nakamurella, and Solirubrobacter. Metabolic functional mapping revealed diverse biological activities, and was significantly correlated with physicochemical parameters. The results revealed spatial variation of ions, microbial abundance and functional attributes in the studied quadrats, and patchy nature in local scale. Interestingly, abundance of the biotechnologically important phylum Actinobacteria, with large proposition of unclassified species in the desert, suggested that this arid environment is a promising site for bioprospection.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2007

In this paper we have provided an extensive survey of the databases and other resources related to the current research in bioinformatics and the issues that confront the database researcher in helping the biologists. Initially we give an overview of the concepts and principles that are fundamental in understanding the basis of the data that has been captured in these databases. We briefly trace the evolution of biological advances and point out the importance of capturing data about genes, the fundamental building blocks that encode the characteristics of life and proteins that are the essential ingredients for sustaining life. The study of genes and proteins is becoming extremely important and is being known as genomics and proteomics, respectively. Whereas there are numerous databases related to various subfields of biology, we have maintained a focus on genomic and proteomic databases which are the crucial stepping stones for other fields and are expected to play an important role in the future applications of biology and medicine. A detailed listing of these databases with information about their sizes, formats and current status is presented. Related databases like molecular pathways and interconnection network databases are mentioned, but their full coverage would be beyond the scope of a single paper. We comment on the peculiar nature of the data in biology that presents special problems in organizing and accessing these databases. We also discuss the capabilities needed for database development and information management in the bioinformatics arena with particular attention to ontology development. Two research case studies based on our own research are summarized dealing with the development of a new genome database called Mitomap and the creation of a framework for discovery of relationships among genes from the biomedical literature. The paper concludes with an overview of the applications that will be driven from these databases in medicine and healthcare. A glossary of important terms is provided at the end of the paper.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.8
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• pp.299-308
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• 2014

Various literatures related computing of information processing have been recently shown the researches inspired from the remarkably excellent human capabilities which recognize and categorize very complex visual patterns such as body motions and facial expressions. Applied from human's outstanding ability of perception, the classification function of visual sequences without context information is specially crucial task for computer vision to understand both the coding and the retrieval of spatio-temporal patterns. This paper presents a biological process based action recognition model of computer vision, which is inspired from visual information processing of human brain for action recognition of visual sequences. Proposed model employs the structure of neural fields of bio-inspired visual perception on detecting motion sequences and discriminating visual patterns in human brain. Experimental results show that proposed recognition model takes not only into account several biological properties of visual information processing, but also is tolerant of time-warping. Furthermore, the model allows robust temporal evolution of classification compared to researches of action recognition. Presented model contributes to implement bio-inspired visual processing system such as intelligent robot agent, etc.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

In this paper, the performances of the presented D2D (device-to-device) systems under the environment of the cognitive convergent overlay networks are evaluated based upon the locations of the D2D users' terminals, the power consumptions of the terminals and the reductions of the interference levels. As the capabilities of the users' terminals improve, the optimization of the system is crucial to the efficient utilization of the radio resources of the individual networks considering their mobility and the features of their networks. Users' mobility model is given for the performance evaluation of the D2D system. In this paper, the performances of the D2D systems are evaluated in terms of the performance index of the FER (frame error rate) employing multiantenna techniques (MIMO:multiple input multiple output) for the various network environments.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.589-607
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• 2019

The study aimed to investigate what high-school students recognize mathematics textbooks and how they use textbooks in their learning mathematics in and out-of mathematics classrooms. For this purpose, we developed a set of interview questions in order to unpack what high-school students thought about mathematics textbooks and how they intended to use the textbooks for their learning mathematics. Eleven high-school students participated in the interview; the interview lasted for about an hour for each student. The data from the interviews were analyzed. The findings from the data analysis suggested as follows: a) the students seemed to consider mathematics textbooks as crucial medium for a mathematics classroom material and thus, they were likely to obliged to use the textbooks for preparing for not only tests and examination conducted regularly in schools but college entrance examination conducted nationwide; b) however, the students appeared to use the textbooks in limited ways in which they looked into the textbooks to prepare for mid-term or final exam only, not for their understanding mathematical contents as a main resource; and c) the students seemed to realize that they rarely have had an opportunity to develop mathematical thinking capabilities and understand mathematical ideas conceptually through the mathematics textbooks.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6197-6201
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• 2012

Although enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been reported as an independent prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), little is known about the exact mechanism of EZH2 in promoting the genesis of RCC. However, several studies have shown that dysregulation of the Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role. Therefore, we determined whether EZH2 could affect ACHN human RCC cell proliferation and invasion via the Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin pathway. In the present study, we investigated the effects of short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated EZH2 gene silencing on Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling in ACHN cells. EZH2-siRNA markedly inhibited the proliferation and invasion capabilities of ACHN, while also reducing the expression of EZH2, Wnt3a and ${\beta}$-catenin. In contrast, cellular expression of GSK-$3{\beta}$ (glycogen synthase kinase-$3{\beta}$), an inhibitor of the Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin pathway, was conspicuously higher after transfection of EZH2 siRNA. These preliminary findings suggest EZH2 may promote proliferation and invasion of ACHN cells via action on the Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling pathway.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.126-137
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• 2020

This study provided implications for applying learner-centered teaching methods in the field of management education by adopting flipped learning and team-based learning to Business Communication classes and operating the classes according to its characteristics. Business communication capability, especially related to drawing up a document or a written report, is considered one of the crucial factors for making individuals valuable in an organization. For the identification of the subject outputs, a total of 64 students from the first and second semesters in 2018 were sampled, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired t-tests were carried out. The results show that all types of communication capabilities have significantly increased at the end of each of the semesters. Also, the overall satisfaction level proved to be higher at the end rather than at the beginning of each semester. This study is especially meaningful because the results suggest concrete ways to apply learner-centered teaching methods for business education.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.623-640
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• 2010

The aim of this paper is to explore opportunities and limitations of the top-down approach to build institutional performance by analyzing the process of local government-led cluster's initiatives. In doing so, this paper investigates processes of the design and implementation of cluster's policy as well as firms' innovative capacities. As the result, it reveals the fallacy of the local government's policy in planning industrial clusters, the inconsistence of cluster initiatives due to changes of regional vision providers, weakness of innovative performance of IT firms supported by the local government in the region. It should be concluded that Chun-cheon City did not succeed in accumulating institutional capabilities which were crucial to implement a cluster initiative.