• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2003

The aim of the present study was to analyse grunts of the sows and to extract parameters from the time and frequency signals in nursing behavior. Five crossbred $Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$ sows were used on day 5 or 6 postpartum. The grunts and the behaviors of the five sows were recorded with five digital camcorders. Three parameter groups [Group I: Formant vector alone, Group II: Formant vector+parameters from time signal, Group III: Formant vector+parameters from time signal-parameters eliminated by stepwise discriminant analysis backward (SDAB)] with parameter vectors extracted from single grunts in the maximum grunting rate period were used for individuality of the sows. The parameter groups were compared by a discriminant function analysis. The classification system adopted in the Group II represented the higher discriniation rate than those in other groups (Group I: 63.3%, Group II: 83.0%, Group III: 80.0%). This study demonstrated that formant, intensity, and pitch were available sound parameters for individuality of the sows during nursing behavior.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2020

The reproductive performance of lactating sows was investigated by using different feeding methods including conventional feeding (CF, 3 times/d) or free feeding (FF), and different dietary energy level including low energy (LE: 3,300) or high energy (HE: 3,400 kcal/kg) during the hot season. A total of twenty-eight crossbred (Yorkshire × Landrace) sows were distributed into four treatments as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Sows in the FF group showed lower body weight and backfat loss (p < 0.05) compared with the CF group. Backfat loss during lactation was lower (p < 0.05) in sows fed HE diet than in that fed LE diet. There were no significant differences in litter survival rate and weaning to estrus interval, but the litter weight at weaning was improved (p < 0.05) in FF and HE sows. Hence, it is concluded that using the free-feeding system or increased dietary energy density leads to improved sow performance during hot ambient temperature.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2024

Objective: The present study was performed to determine risk factors associated with the frequency of farrowing assistance in hyperprolific sows in a tropical environment and to investigate the impacts of farrowing assistance on piglet colostrum consumption and sow colostrum yield. Methods: Farrowing data from 352 Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred sows and 5,554 piglets in five commercial swine herds in Thailand were investigated. The sows were classified according to parity numbers: 1 (n = 72), 2 to 4 (n = 128), 5 to 6 (n = 84), and ≥7 (n = 68) and the total number of piglets born per litter (TB): 10 to 13 (n = 90), 14 to 16 (n = 117), and ≥17 (n = 145). The incidence of farrowing assistance and associated parameters were investigated. Results: The TB and farrowing duration averaged 15.8±0.2 and 279.9±11.2 min, respectively. The percentage of sows that required farrowing assistance was 29.8% and varied among herds from 5.7% to 53.3% (p<0.001). The percentage of piglets born after birth assistance using manual intervention was 8.4%. Sows with parity numbers 1 and 2 to 4 had a lower frequency of farrowing assistance than sows with parity numbers ≥7 (p<0.01). The colostrum yield of sows that required farrowing assistance did not differ from sows that farrowed without assistance (5.3±0.2 and 5.1±0.1 kg; p = 0.288); however, the colostrum consumption of piglets born from sows that required farrowing assistance was lower than those born from sows that farrowed without assistance (302.2±15.7 and 354.2±5.6 g; p<0.001). Blood oxygen saturation of the piglets born after birth assistance tended to be lower than the piglets that farrowed without birth assistance (87.8%±1.3% vs 90.4%±0.4%; p = 0.054). Conclusion: The frequency of farrowing assistance in sows varied among herds and was influenced by parity number. The piglets born after receiving birth assistance should receive special care to improve their blood oxygen saturation and enhance colostrum intake.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.193-197
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• 1986

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 임신말기(姙娠末期) 및 초기포유기간(初期哺乳期間)의 모돈(母豚)에 아미노산 킬레이트 철분제(鐵分齊)를 급여(給與)함으로써 자돈(仔豚)에게 철분제(鐵分劑)를 경구투여(經口投與)하거나 주사(注射)하지 않고 자돈(仔豚)의 철분결핍성(鐵分缺乏性) 빈혈(貧血)을 예방(豫防)할 수 있는 지를 구명(究明)하기 위해서 모돈(母豚) 20두(頭)를 가지고 4처리(處理)로 나누어 실시(實施)한 바, 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생시체중(生時體重)은 각(各) 처리군(處理群)들 간(間)에 차이(差異)가 없었으나, 15일령(日齡)의 체중(體重)에서는 킬레이트 철분급여군(鐵分給與群)이 제일 무거웠고, 35일령(日齡)의 체중(體重)에서는 대조군(對照群)이 제일 가벼웠다. 2. 이유시(離乳時) 생존율(生存率)은 각(各) 처리군(處理群)들 간(間)에 차이(差異)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었다. 3. 헤모그로빈, 적혈구(赤血球) 및 헤마토크리트의 수준(水準)은 출산시(出生時)와 15일령(日齡)에서 킬레이트 직분(織分) 급여군(給與群)이 대조군(對照群)에 의하여 높은 수준(水準)을 보였으며(p<.05) 35일령(日齡) 이유시(離乳時)에는 각(各) 처리군(處理群)들 간(間)에 차이(差異)가 없었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.367-379
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• 2021

The objectives of this study were to evaluate convolutional neural network models and computer vision techniques for the classification of swine posture with high accuracy and to use the derived result in the investigation of the effect of dietary fiber level on the behavioral characteristics of the pregnant sow under low and high ambient temperatures during the last stage of gestation. A total of 27 crossbred sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; average body weight, 192.2 ± 4.8 kg) were assigned to three treatments in a randomized complete block design during the last stage of gestation (days 90 to 114). The sows in group 1 were fed a 3% fiber diet under neutral ambient temperature; the sows in group 2 were fed a diet with 3% fiber under high ambient temperature (HT); the sows in group 3 were fed a 6% fiber diet under HT. Eight popular deep learning-based feature extraction frameworks (DenseNet121, DenseNet201, InceptionResNetV2, InceptionV3, MobileNet, VGG16, VGG19, and Xception) used for automatic swine posture classification were selected and compared using the swine posture image dataset that was constructed under real swine farm conditions. The neural network models showed excellent performance on previously unseen data (ability to generalize). The DenseNet121 feature extractor achieved the best performance with 99.83% accuracy, and both DenseNet201 and MobileNet showed an accuracy of 99.77% for the classification of the image dataset. The behavior of sows classified by the DenseNet121 feature extractor showed that the HT in our study reduced (p < 0.05) the standing behavior of sows and also has a tendency to increase (p = 0.082) lying behavior. High dietary fiber treatment tended to increase (p = 0.064) lying and decrease (p < 0.05) the standing behavior of sows, but there was no change in sitting under HT conditions.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 1981

돼지에 있어서 분만전후(分娩前後)의 혈청중(血淸中) peptide 및 steroid hormone 수준(水準)의 변화(變化)를 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 8두(頭)의 임신돈(妊娠豚)을 대상(對象)으로 분만전(分娩前) 20일(日)부터 분만후(分娩後) 20일(日)까지 혈청중(血淸中)의 FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol-$17{\beta}$, progesterone 및 cortisol의 농도변화(濃度變化)를 radioimmunoassay 방법(方法)에 의(依)하여 측정(測定)하였다. 혈청(血淸) FSH의 농도(濃度)는 분만전후(分娩前後)에 큰 변화(變化)가 없었으며, $8.1{\pm}1.8mIU/ml$에서 $9.0{\pm}2.6mIU/ml$의 사이에 있었다. LH농도(濃度)는 분만(分娩) 20일전(日前)에 $2.6{\pm}0.3mIU/ml$이던것이 분만일(分娩日)에는 $3.9{\pm}1.1mIU/ml$로 증가(增加)하였으며, 분만후(分娩後) 2일(日)에는 $3.2{\pm}0.9mIU/ml$로 감소(減少)되었고, 그 후(後)로는 거의 비슷한 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하였다. Prolactin의 농도(濃度)는 분만일(分娩日)에 $68.5{\pm}9.5ng/ml$로 최고수준(最高水準)을 나타냈으며, 분만당일(分娩當日) 전후(前後)에 비교적(比較的) 높은 수준(水準)을 나타냈다. Estradiol-$17{\beta}$는 분만전(分娩前) 6일(日)에 $205.0{\pm}29.5pg/ml$로 증가(增加)하였고, 분만일(分娩日)에는 $425.0{\pm}35.6pg/ml$로 급증(急增)하였으나 분만후(分娩後) 2일(日)에는 $59.5{\pm}7.8pg/ml$로 다시 감소(感少)했다. Progesterone 농도(濃度)는 분만전(分娩前) 20일(日)부터 6일(日)까지는 $18.4{\pm}1.6{\sim}20.2{\pm}2.1ng/ml$사이에 있었으나, 분만전(分娩前) 2일(日)부터 감소(減少)하기 시작(始作)하여 분만일(分娩日)에는 $2.6{\pm}0.8ng/ml$까지 감소(減少)하였고, 분만후(分娩後) 2일(日)에는 $0.9{\pm}0.3ng/ml$에 도달(到達) 하였으며, 그 후(後)로는 거의 같은 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하였다. Cortisol은 분만일(分娩日)에 $86.5{\pm}10.5ng/ml$로 최고수준(最高水準)을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.677-688
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• 2007

The goal of this study was to develop an optimal artificial insemination time estimator(OAITE) for individually stalled sows using image processing and to evaluate the performance of the OAITE through field test. The OAITE consisted of a computer, a multiplexer, three CCD cameras and three LED lamps (950nm wavelength). The computer program used for the OAITE to quantify the lying and non-lying (sitting and standing) rates of sows in stalls was written in LabWindows/CVI. For the purpose of establishing references that would help estimate the optimal artificial insemination(AI) time for sows, the lying rate of the 50 Berkshire⨯Hampshire crossbred sows(parity: 2 to 7) was observed and recorded. The observation was made from the second day after the sows were moved into the stalls when they were artificially inseminated. The results of above process, which compared the lying rates of the day of estrus and the other days, showed that there were no significant differences at the following time bands: 00, 08, 09, 16, and 17(p>0.1). Thus, only the time bands other than these time bands were used to establish the references for determining the onset of the estrus. Based on the lying rates observed and the references established by the procedures above, the study assigned “0” to the lying rate of the non-estrus time band, “0.5” to the lying rate between the non-estrus and estrus time bands and “1” to the lying rate of the estrus time band. The authors of the study assumed that if the OAITE produced “0.5” or above more than 4 times in a row and if the results included “1” at least once, the estrus would have started. In addition, it was assumed that the optimal AI time for sows was between the 26th hour and the 34th hour after the beginning of estrus. The results of sows’ AI of the OAITE group(n=40 sows; AI=1 time) showed that the pregnancy rate was 92.5%, which was the same rate as the control group(n=40 sows; AI=2 times), and that the litter size did not differ between the control and the OAITE group. These data suggest that the OAITE might be effective and economic to estimate the optimal AI time of individually stalled sows.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2018

본 연구는 모돈의 분만징후에 따른 예비행동특성 분석 및 분류를 통하여 정확한 분만시점을 예측하고자 본 실험을 진행하였다. 모돈 12마리(평균 3.5 산차)에서 분만전 징후의 행동특성으로 측정된 행동은 지속시간에 따라 분석된 기본행동(섭식, 서기, 눕기, 앉기)과 빈도로 분석된 특이행동(탐색, 저작, 긁기, 스톨물기)으로 나뉜다. 분만 24시간 전부터 첫 태아가 나오는 시점까지 시간대별 2분 간격으로 영상정보를 녹화 및 수집하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 모돈의 기본행동 중 서기시간(22.6%; 24H, 24.9%; 12H)과 횡와시간(55.9% ;24H, 66.3% ;12H)은 분만 24시간 전의 빈도가 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.01). 섭식시간(13.42% 24H, 4.38% 12H)과 앉기시간(8.2% 24H, 4.5% 12H)은 분만 12시간 전부터 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p>0.05). 모돈의 특이행동 중 탐색행동($11.44{\pm}1.80$ 24H, $55.97{\pm}6.13$ 12H), 바닥을 긁는 행동 ($3.75{\pm}1.92$ 24H, $20.99{\pm}5.8$ 12H) 및 스톨물기 행동($0.69{\pm}0.15$ 24H, $3.71{\pm}1.53$ 12H)은 분만 24시간 전 보다, 분만시간이 점점 다가오는 12시간 전부터 점진적으로 빈도가 증가하였다 (p<0.01). 반면 저작행동 ($2.20{\pm}1.67$ 24H, $0.07{\pm}0.01$ 12H)은 분만 12시간 전부터 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p>0.05). 결과적으로 분만시점이 다가갈수록 서기 탐색 긁기 스톨물기 행동이 높게 발현되는 것으로 나타났다.