• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1146-1153
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• 2024

The increasing economic losses associated with growth retardation caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidian parasite infecting penaeid shrimp, require effective monitoring. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region, the non-coding region of ribosomal clusters between 18S and 5.8S rRNA genes, is widely used in phylogenetic studies due to its high variability. In this study, the ITS-1 region sequence (~600-bp) of EHP was first identified, and primers for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting that sequence were designed. A newly developed nested-PCR method successfully detected the EHP in various shrimp (Penaeus vannamei and P. monodon) and related samples, including water and feces collected from Indonesia, Thailand, South Korea, India, and Malaysia. The primers did not cross-react with other hosts and pathogens, and this PCR assay is more sensitive than existing PCR detection methods targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and spore wall protein (SWP) genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS-1 sequences indicated that the Indonesian strain was distinct (86.2% nucleotide sequence identity) from other strains collected from Thailand and South Korea, and also showed the internal diversity among Thailand (N = 7, divided into four branches) and South Korean (N = 5, divided into two branches) samples. The results revealed the ability of the ITS-1 region to determine the genetic diversity of EHP from different geographical origins.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2017

트리메틸올멜라민에 의한 세리신 정착 거동을 고찰하기 위해 멜라민과 포름알데하이드를 몰 비 1:3으로 세리신정착액을 조성하여 실크 생사를 정착시켰고, 정련에 의해 세리신 정착 거동을 살펴보았다. 정착 과정에서 세리신의 정착이 일어나는 동시에 열수에 의해 세리신 I의 일부가 제거되었다. 정착 중의 감량과 정련에 의한 연감율은 멜라민과 포름알데하이드의 농도가 증가할수록 크게 감소했다. 0.011몰 멜라민과 0.033몰 포름알데하이드로 정착한 실크 생사는 불충분한 정착과 탄산나트륨에 의한 세리신의 알칼리 가수분해로 인해 많은 정련이 일어났다. 그러나 0.055몰 멜라민과 0.165몰 포름알데하이드로 정착한 실크 생사는 강한 세리신 정착으로 인해 3-8%의 매우 적은 연감율을 보였는데 이는 트리메틸올멜라민에 의해 세리신 I 분자 간에 많은 가교결합이 형성되었기 때문으로 사료된다. 또한 15% owf 유연제의 정착액으로 처리한 경우 정착에 의한 감량과 정련에 의한 연감율이 가장 작게 나타났는데 이는 유연제의 양이온이 세리신 중의 아스파르트산의 음이온과 이온결합을 형성하고 유연제의 소수부와 세리신의 소수성 영역 간에 반데르바알스력이 형성되어 세리신 I의 제거가 다소 억제된 것으로 사료된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 인체의 해로운 요소를 분해하고 분해 생성물인 암모니아($NH_3$)의 제거를 위한 우레아제 고정막 제조와 가수분해 특성에 관하여 검토되었다. 우레아제 고정막은 방사선 그라프트 중합법에 의해 다공성 중공사막에 음이온 교환기로서 DEA를 도입한 후 요소의 가수분해를 위해 우레아제를 고정시켜 제조하였다. 음이온 교환기가 도입된 막에 우레아제가 고정된 경우 그라프트율이 증가할수록 고정량이 증가하였다. 이것은 그라프트율이 증가할수록 그라프트 체인이 신장하여 단백질이 다층으로 고정되기 때문이다. 한편, 가교제의 첨가는 우레아제 고정막의 세척 과정에서 발생하는 탈리 현상을 억제할뿐 아니라 막의 반복사용도 가능하게 하였다. 5 h의 가교 반응을 통하여 탈리현상이 발생되지 않는 우레아제 고정막을 제조하였으며, 이때 제조된 우레아제 고정막은 1 mol과 4 mol의 요소 용액에서 각각 98%와 50% 이상의 가수분해 성능을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2020

Background: The biological and pharmacological effects of BST204, a fermented ginseng extract, have been reported in various disease conditions. However, its molecular action in metabolic disease remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified the antiadipogenic activity of BST204 resulting from its inhibition of the S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) signaling pathway. Methods: The inhibitory effects of BST204 on S6K1 signaling were investigated by immunoblot, nuclear fractionation, immunoprecipitation analyses. The antiadipogenic effect of BST204 was evaluated by measuring mRNA levels of adipogenic genes and by chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: Treatment with BST204 inhibited activation and nuclear translocation of S6K1, further decreasing the interaction between S6K1 and histone H2B in 10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Subsequently, phosphorylation of H2B at serine 36 (H2BS36p) by S6K1 was reduced by BST204, inducing an increase in the mRNA expression of Wnt6, Wnt10a, and Wnt10b, which disturbed adipogenic differentiation and promoted myogenic and early osteogenic gene expression. Consistently, BST204 treatment during adipogenic commitment suppressed the expression of adipogenic marker genes and lipid drop formation. Conclusion: Our results indicate that BST204 blocks adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through the inhibition of S6K1-mediated histone phosphorylation. This study suggests the potential therapeutic strategy using BST204 to combat obesity and musculoskeletal diseases.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.235-244
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• 1996

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi의 원형균주인 Karp주와 Gilliam주를 초대 배양된 사람 정상 2배체 폐세포(LuMA cell)를 이용하여 증식과 세포병변들의 속도를 비교할 수 있었고, 배양된 균주는 네스티드 프라이머를 사용하여 혈청형을 동정할 수 있었다. R. tsutsugamushi의 세포벽 외막에 존재하며 혈청형을 결정하는 주요항원은 54-56Kd 단백인 것으로 밝혀지고 있는데, 이 단백 유전자의 DNA 염기서열을 분석하여 Karp주와 Gilliam주의 공통서열로 첫번째 프라이머쌍을 만들었고 첫번째 프라이머쌍의 안쪽에 위치한 혈청형 사이에 차이가 있는 서열로 두번째 프라이머쌍을 만들었다. 네스티드 뉴클레오티드 프라이머는 중합효소 연쇄반응의 특이성을 증가시킬 수 있는데 이 실험 결과로 이 PCR 방법은 scrub typhus의 진단과 혈청형의 동정에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 보여진다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2015

Purpose: The goal of this study was to characterize the patterns of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in samples of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from periodontitis patients. Methods: From July 2015 to August 2015, oral saliva was collected from a total of 112 patients diagnosed with periodontitis, including 80 outpatients in dental hospitals and 32 patients in dental clinics located in Seoul and Cheonan. The samples were subjected to a susceptibility test to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, and the pathogenic factors and antimicrobial resistance factors in the DNA of S. aureus were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. Results: A susceptibility test against 15 antimicrobial agents showed that 88% of cultures were resistant to ampicillin, 88% to penicillin, and 2% to oxacillin. Resistance to at least two drugs was observed in 90% of cultures, and the most common pattern of multidrug resistance was to ampicillin and penicillin. Enterotoxins were detected in 65.9% of samples. The cell hemolysin gene hld was detected in 100% of cultures and hla was detected in 97.6% of samples. All strains resistant to penicillin and ampicillin had the blaZ gene. The aph(3')IIIa gene, which encodes an aminoglycoside modifying enzyme, was detected in 46.3% of samples. Conclusions: In the treatment of oral S. aureus infections, it is important to identify the pathogenic genes and the extent of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, it is necessary to study patterns of antimicrobial resistance and cross-infection in the context of periodontological specialties in which antimicrobials are frequently used, such as maxillofacial surgery, where the frequency of antimicrobial use for minor procedures such as implant placement is increasing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.4095-4099
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• 2014

The X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 protein (XRCC1) plays important roles in the DNA base excision repair pathway which may influence the development of lung cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the potential association of the XRCC1 c.1178G>A genetic polymorphism with lung cancer risk. The created restriction site-polymerase chain reaction (CRS-PCR) and DNA sequencing methods were utilized to evaluate the XRCC1 c.1178G>A genetic polymorphism among 376 lung cancer patients and 379 controls. Associations between the genetic polymorphism and lung cancer risk were determined with an unconditional logistic regression model. Our data suggested that the distribution of allele and genotype in lung cancer patients was significantly different from that of controls. The XRCC1 c.1178G>A genetic polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (AA vs GG: OR=2.91, 95%CI 1.70-4.98, p<0.001; A vs G: OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.22-1.90, p<0.001). The allele A and genotype AA may contribute to risk of lung cancer. These preliminary results suggested that the XRCC1 c.1178G>A genetic polymorphism is statistically associated with lung cancer risk in the Chinese population.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) are widely used medicinal plants with similar morphology but different medicinal efficacy. Roots, flowers, and processed products of Korean and American ginseng can be difficult to differentiate from each other, leading to illegal trade in which one species is sold as the other. This study was carried out to develop convenient and reliable chloroplast genome-derived DNA markers for authentication of Korean and American ginseng in commercial processed products. One codominant marker could reproducibly identify both species and intentional mixtures of the two species. We further developed a set of species-unique dominant DNA markers. Each species-specific dominant marker could detect 1% cross contamination with other species by low resolution agarose gel electrophoresis or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Both markers were successfully applied to evaluate the original species from various processed ginseng products purchased from markets in Korea and China. We believe that high-throughput application of this marker system will eradicate illegal trade and promote confident marketing for both species to increase the value of Korean as well as American ginseng in Korea and worldwide.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 고밀도 폴리에틸렌 제조공정에서 부산물로 생성되는 폴리에틸렌 왁스를 대상으로 무수말레인산을 그라프트 반응 시킬 때, 반응 용매가 가지는 성질의 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 측정결과, 자일렌이 톨루엔보다 우수한 모노머 용해성, 팽윤성, 혼화성을 가지며, 그라프트 반응을 더욱 촉진함을 알 수 있었고, 반응 용매의 함량에 따라서는 0 ~ 200% v/w영역에서 200% v/w 조건이 최대의 그라프트 율을 보이고, 그이상의 용매가 사용될 경우에는 그라프트 율이 다시 감소하다가 일정해짐을 확인하였다. 가교도 함량 값은 용매 존재 하에 거의 생성되지 않았으며, 용매가 용매분자로 사슬이동반응 시켜 가교반응을 방지하는 것으로 판단되었다. $140^{\circ}C$에서 측정된 용융 점도 값은 폴리에틸렌 왁스에 무수말레인산이 그라프트 된 후에 증가하는 경향을 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1229-1233
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• 2006

To find the candidate genes concerned with ovulation rate of sheep, Differential Display Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction was employed to find the differently expressed cDNA controlling ovulation in the Small Tail Han sheep of polyembryony and in Tan sheep of single birth. Twenty-four primer pairs of three anchored primers and eight arbitrary primers were assembled to amplify the specialized bands from these sheep. Positive cross tests were applied to optimize the ascertainable PCR conditions in which different special bands can be identified by silver strain in one PCR tube. After eliminating the false positive PCR products by Northern hybridization, 24 differential display bands were acquired from the ovary in the Small Tail Han sheep. These EST bands were sequenced and 18 different ESTs were found in which five ESTs had several copies and 13 ESTs had only one copy. Comparing these ESTs with homologous sequences by BLAST in the GenBank, there were six ESTs with known open reading frame (ORF) and function, three ESTs with known ORF and no function, and 9 ESTs without homologous sequence. These ESTs partly represent several genes such as NOS2, tensin, TCRA, CDKN1A, ESR1 and ACTB which express especially in Small Tail Han sheep.