• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.415-424
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• 2018

본 연구는 전국 특수학교(급)의 스마트교육 환경 조성 및 특수교사의 스마트기기 활용 실태를 파악하여 스마트교육의 활성화 방안을 제안하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 특수학교(급)의 무선 인터넷 구축, 특수교사의 스마트기기 활용 등에 관한 14문항의 설문을 개발하였다. 설문조사는 전국 발달장애 특수학교와 초 중 고등학교 특수학급의 특수교사 991명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석을 위해 SPSS 21.0 통계 프로그램을 통해 빈도분석과 교차분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 특수학교(급) 모두 스마트교육을 위한 환경이 열악하고 교사들은 기반시설 부족, 추가비용의 발생 등으로 인해 어려움을 겪는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 특수학교(급) 교사들은 교과시간의 도입부분에 동기유발을 목적으로 스마트기기를 가장 많이 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 특수교육대상 학생을 위한 스마트교육 환경의 구축과 교사 지원을 위한 시스템 마련을 제안하였다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.362-370
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• 2010

Purpose: In this study the present status of the practicum in Fundamentals of Nursing and test for student competency in nursing skills were surveyed. Method: Participants included 72 nursing schools. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS 17.0 for data analysis. Results: Credits for Fundamentals of Nursing, credits for practicum and hours per credit were 2.93, 7.34, and 2.14 respectively. Number of students per practice unit, full time assistants and students per assistant were 28.6, 0.6, and 20.2 respectively. Utilization of CPX room and OSCE room for practice was 5.6%, and 9.7% respectively. Of the school, 32.0% included clinical practice in the practicum. 90.3% provided an open lab but only 48.4% had full-time assistants for these clinical practice areas. Testing for nursing skill competency was performed twice a semester in most schools. Utilization of standard patients and high fidelity models for testing was 8.3%, and 23.6% respectively. The test was thought to be inappropriate in 33.4% of the schools. Conclusions: The results suggest that to improve the outcomes, the practicum for Fundamentals of Nursing needs to be changed to include expansion of facilities and human resources, utilization of standard patients and high fidelity models and development of appropriate test methods.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 1995

염색가공 폐수 중 난분해성 물질이 PYA를 처리 하기 위하여, 한천-acrylamide를 이용한 bead를 제 조한 후 air-lift 반응기에서 연속실험을 행하였다. 합성폐수의 PYA놓도가 $3,100mg/\ell$. 체류시간 24hr일 때 유출수의 농도는 $4500mg/\ell$ 이며, 제거효율은 85% 이상을 나타내었다. 실제 호발폐수의 경우 PYA 및 COD농도가 $3,253mg/\ell$, $4,500mg/\ell$일 때, 체류시간 24hr에서 유출수의 농도는 $840mg/\ell, 480mg/\ell$이며, 제거효 율은 81.3%와 85.2%로 각각 나타났다. bead의 지름이 lmm일 때는 내부의 미생물 성장 이 양호하였으나 bead의 지름이 2mm일 때는 기질 과 산소전달저항에 의하여 반지름의 48% 이상은 미 생물의 성장이 저해를 받았다. 고정화 반응기에서 전체 기질 제거속도 중 bead 내 고정화 cell의 제거 분율은 평균 70%로 나타났다. 현탁 반응기에서 희석율 $0.083hr^{-1}$ 이상에서는 기질 이용속도가 감소하였으나 고정화 반응기에서는 희석율 $0.125hr^{-1}$까지 거의 선형척으로 증가하였다. PYA 제거속도식에서 포화상수 $K_s=6.60(g PVA/\ell)$와 최대 비기질 이용속도 k=0.175(g PVA/g cell.hr)를 얻었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.542-554
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• 1989

The skyrocketing inflation of medical costs has become a major health problem among most developed countries. Korea, which recently covered the entire population with National Health Insurance, is facing the same problem. The proportion of health expenditure to GNP has increased from 3% to 4.8% during the last decade. This was remarkable, if we consider the rapid economic growth during that time. A few policy analysts began to raise cost containment as an agenda, after recognizing the importance of medical cost inflation. In order to Prepare an appropriate alternative for the agenda, it is necessary to find out reasons for the cost inflation. Then, we should focus on the reasons which are controllable, and those whose control are socially desirable. This study is designed to articulate the theory of medical cost inflation through literature reviews, to find out reasons for cost inflation, by analyzing aggregated data with a deterministic model. Finally to identify determinants of changes in both medical demand and service intensity which are major reasons for cost inflation. The reasons for cost inflation are classified into cost push inflation and demand pull inflation, The former consists of increases in price and intensity of services, while the latter is made of consumer derived demand and supplier induced demand. We used a time series (1983-1987), and cross sectional (over regions) data of health insurance. The deterministic model reveals, that an increase in service intensity is a major cause of inflation in the case of inpatient care, while, more utilization, is a primary attribute in the case of physician visits. Multiple regression analysis shows that an increase in hospital beds is a leading explanatory variable for the increase in hospital care. It also reveals, that an introduction of a deductible clause, an increase in hospital beds and degree of urbanization, are statistically significant variables explaining physician visits. The results are consistent with the existing theory, The magnitude of service intensity is influenced by the level of co-payment, the proportion of old age and an increase in co-payment. In short, an increase in co-payment reduced the utilization, but it induced more intensities or services. We can conclude that the strict fee regulation or increase in the level of co-payment can not be an effective measure for cost containment under the fee for service system. Because the provider can react against the regulation by inducing more services.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.329-344
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify utilization of the work-family support policy (WFSP) and factors affecting retention intention among Korean female military officers. Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited 103 married female officers from the Korean Army, Navy, and Air force with preschool-aged children through convenience and snowball sampling. Via online surveys from June to November, 2018, the participants self-reported retention intention, work-family conflict, job satisfaction, and utilization of the WFSP. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. Results: Retention intention ($22.29{\pm}5.98$) was reported at the mid-level, lower than scores reported in the literature for female workers. Work-family conflict ($32.51{\pm}5.29$) and job satisfaction ($63.10{\pm}7.45$) were above the midpoint levels. Use of maternity leave (100.0%) and parental leave (92.2%) was high, especially compared to the rates of child-care day off (20.4%) and parenting time (20.4%). 'Noticeable increases in childcare services within the army' (22.8%) was reported as the supportive measure needed the most by female military officers. Job satisfaction (${\beta}=.43$, $p{\leq}.001$), the use of parenting time (${\beta}=-0.29$, p=.002), living type (${\beta}=-.18$, p=.043), and service type (${\beta}=-.16$, p=.035) significantly influenced retention intention. Conclusions: The findings highlight the priority areas of importance within the WFSP and suggest that a family-friendly culture can improve female officers' retention intention. Accordingly, policy changes at the Ministry of National Defense improving the system to enhance a family-friendly culture in the military is expected to strengthen the retention intention of female officers and contribute to excellence in the military workforce.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.404-414
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• 2021

최근 고령 사회에서는 지역사회중심의료로의 전환에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이에 일반 노인과 취약계층 노인 각각에 대해 기능중심의 건강상태를 파악하고, 이를 기반으로 의료서비스 이용 경험 및 요구 인식에 대해 살펴보는 것은 필요하다. 본 연구는 2016년 11월부터 12월까지 서울시 일개지역에 거주하는 65세 이상 노인을 방문하여 구조화된 설문을 통해 노인의 건강기능 상태와 의료서비스 이용 행태를 파악하였다. 취약계층 노인은 일반 노인보다 인지기능, 영양, 통증, 낙상 등에서 기능적 건강상태 저하를 더 많이 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 인지기능, 영양과 같은 기능적 건강문제를 경험한 일반 노인은 취약계층보다 유의하게 의료서비스를 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 취약계층 노인은 통증 건강문제 영역에 있어서는 일반 노인보다 의료서비스 이용의 필요성을 더 유의하게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 지역사회 노인을 대상으로 공공 서비스 확대의 방향과 범위를 설정함에 있어, 일반 노인과 취약계층 노인 간에는 차별화된 정책이 설정되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 취약계층의 의료접근성 향상을 위해서는 경제적 장벽으로 인해 필요한 의료이용의 장애가 초래되지 않도록 공공의료기관의 적극적인 지원이 이루어져야 하겠다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

포스트텐션 공법을 적용한 콘크리트 부재의 정착구역에서 정착판 근처의 지압응력은 일반적으로 높은 프리스트레스 하중에 의해 발생한다. 따라서 단면의 효율적인 활용과 콘크리트 부재의 파괴로 이어질 수 있는 균열제어를 위해 적절한 정착판의 크기가 제시되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 도로교설계기준 및 PTI 등에 의해 사각형 정착판과 원형 정착판의 유효면적에 대한 관계식을 제안하였다. 또한 정착판의 형상에 따라 형상계수를 제안하였으며, 유한요소해석을 통해 적절성을 분석하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.511-523
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• 2015

Damaged steel-concrete composite girders can be repaired and retrofitted by epoxy-bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets to the critical areas of tension flanges. This paper presents the results of a study on the behavior of damaged steel-concrete composite girders repaired with CFRP sheets under static loading. A total of seven composite girders made of I20A steel sections and 80mm-thick by 900mm-wide concrete slabs were prepared and tested. CFRP sheets and prestressed CFRP sheets were used to repair the specimens. The specimens lost the cross-sectional area of their tension flanges with 30%, 50% and 100%. The results showed that CFRP sheets had no significant effect on the yield loads of strengthened composite girders, but had significant effect on the ultimate loads. The yield loads, elastic stiffness, and ultimate bearing capacities of strengthened composite girders had been changed as a result of prestressed CFRP sheets, the utilization ratio of CFRP sheets could be effectively improved by applying prestress to CFRP sheets. Both the yield loads and ultimate bearing capacities had been changed as a result of steel beam's flange damage level and CFRP sheets could cover the girders' shortage of bearing capacity with 30% and 50% flange damage, respectively.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2020

The objective of this study is to seek ways to maximize learning effects from e-learning by drawing improvement directions through investigating and analyzing an awareness of e-learning among e-learning attendees. The study was conducted among the attendees who are taking the e-learning program operated by K University and collected data from the students taking second semester in 2018 with the use of structured questionnaires. For data processing, SPSS Statistics 22.0 and AMOS were used, along with such analytical methods as frequency anslysis, descriptive statistical analysis, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), t-analysis and cross tabulation. For significant data, it conducted an analysis by carrying out the Scheffe's test. According to the findings from this study, they showed a significant difference only in gender and curriculum desired to be opened in the question about e-learning participation motives per background factor. As for the learners' motives to study, it was confirmed that they tend to become more biased on time utilization and convenience of learning methods. The analysis of which factor of the three - learning factors, system factors and instructor's factors - has greatest effects on learning satisfaction indicated that learning factors influenced learning satisfaction the most in accordance with values for non-standard coefficient beta, followed by instructor factors which had a direct effect.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.36-44
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• 2006

Based on water resources availability and development condition of the Lancang River, as well as considering the international river water resources characters, the paper put forwarded an integrated allocation way of the water resources of Lancang River Basin. According to the basic rules of equitable and suitable utilization of water resources of international rivers, water resources demand for domestic, industrial, irrigation and ecosystem system, and principles of society stabilities and the food safety etc, an index system of Lancang River water resources allocation was set up. Two levels scheme of Lancang River water allocation are proposed. First level is for an international water, which primarily to analysis the water quantity at the national boundary. Second level is for provincial water allocation among Qinghai, Yunnan provinces and Tibetan Autonomous Region. In the allocation schemes, the water resources development of Lancang River Basin at different scenarios and the related water allocation in different years and seasons were analyzed. A discharge to some cross sections of the river and a total amount water quantity for each district has been given as well.