• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.90-93
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• 1993

Increasing Public Concern : Pesticide residue is probably one of the fastest growing problems in regard to environmental contamination. Pesticide use in agriculture in this century has produced certain benefits, including a decrease in crop waste and an increase in crop yields and food quality. However, pesticide use also creates problems of having effects on the environment and remaining in food chain. The presence of pesticide residue in food, water, and soil has aroused public concern over potential health hazards. Despite information provided by national and private level agencies suggesting that food is safe, consumer groups worldwide are demanding assurance as to the safely of agricultural products.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2006

Chinese cabbage, Braccica campestris has long been consumed as a staple food for Koreans in various forms of fresh, salted, and fermented Kimchi. Cultivation of the crop under greenhouse has become a general practices to fulfill its off-seasonal consumer's demand. However, agricultural practices of the crop have always accompanied with heavy applications of pesticides caused by severe outbreaks of diseases and pose under warm and humid circumferences. Since dissipation patterns of pesticide residues in/on the crop under greenhouse conditions ate quite different from those in the open-air, changes of diazinon, O,O-diethyl O-2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphornthioate, in/on the Chinese cabbage applied by foliar spraying under greenhouse were studied. Diazinon 34% EC was applied with dilution of recommended and double dose to the crop. The shoots of crop were harvested immediately after this application and at regular intervals over a 10-day. After sample preparations, the diazinon residue was analyzed using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector (GC/ECD). Initially deposited amount of the chemical in/on the crop right after applications with recommended and double doses were 8.3 and 15.2 mg/kg, respectively. The residue levels after 10 days of application were 0.03 and 0.09 mg/kg with 1.3 and 1.5 days of half-life in/on the crop, respectively. In consequent 10 days of pre-harvest interval (PHI) for diazinon EC formulation in/on Chinese cabbage under greenhouse condition was fulfill maximum residue level set by Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA, 0.1 mg/kg).

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

Background: Cyanazine is used as a pre-emergent herbicide once during the growing season to control weeds of many upland crops worldwide. This study aimed to establish a method to determined cyanazine residue levels in major medicinal crops by using high performance liquid chromatography-UV detection/mass spectometry (HPLC-UVD/MS). Methods and Results: Cyanazine residue was extracted with acetone from the raw products of four representative medicinal plants - Scutellaria baicalensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Platycodon grandiflorum and Angelica gigas. The extract was diluted with a large volume of saline water and directly partitioned into dichloromethane to remove polar co-extractives in the aqueous phase. It was then purifined using optimized Florisil column chromatography. HPLC analysis conducted using an octadecylsilyl column allowed the successful separation of cyanazine from co-extractives of the samples, and the amount was sensitively quantified by ultraviolet absorption at 225 nm with no interference. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method were validated by conducting recovery experiments on each medicinal crop sample fortified with cyanazine at two concentration levels per crop in triplicate. Conclusions: The mean recoveries ranged from 91.2% to 105.3% for the four representative medicinal crops. The coefficients of variation were less than 10%, irrespective of the sample types and fortification levels. The limit of quantification of cyanazine was 0.02 mg/kg as verified by the recovery experiment. A confirmatory method was performed by liquid chromatography/MS using selected-ion monitoring technique to clearly identify the suspected residue.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.492-497
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• 2005

잔류농약과 관련된 포장시험 및 기준설정에는 데이터의 변이성이 뒤따르기 때문에 여러가지 허수(default value)를 채택하고 있다. 잔류농약 분석상의 오차는 $RSD\;{\pm}30-40%$에 이르고 있어 잔류허용기준(MRL)은 이것을 감안하여 geometric progression에 따르고 있다. 과거 5년간(1998-2002)의 JMPR 보고서에 의하면 포장시험에서의 변이계수(중앙치에 대한 최고치 비율)은 LOQ 이상에서의 486개 농약-작물 조합에서 평균 3.8배에 이르고 있고 기준설정시의 절상효과는 최고치의 1.5배로 나타났다. 한편 국내에서 기준설정시의 규제마진(최고잔류치에 대한 최대잔류기준의 비율)은 822개 농약-작물 조합에서 평균 4.8배로 나타났다. 이와 같은 규제마진을 적용하는 경우 국내의 잔류기준은 Codex보다 높게 설정될 것으로 예상된다. 앞으로 농약잔류 허용기준의 설정에서 Codex기준과 국내기준의 조화를 이루기 위한 검증작업이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Application of biochar to soils is proposed as a significant, long-term, sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems. In addition to reducing emissions and increasing the sequestration of carbon, production of biochar and its application to soils will contribute improve soil quality and crop productivity. Objectives were i) to evaluate biochar productivity from crop residues using a low-cost field scale mobile pyrolyzer and ii) to evaluate characteristics of feedstocks and biochars from locally collected crop residues. Pyrolysis experiments were performed in a reactor operated at $400-500^{\circ}C$ for 3-4 hours using biomass samples of post-harvest residues of corn (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium spp.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Feedstocks differed, but average conversion to biochar was 23%. Carbon content of biomass feedstock and biochar samples were 445 g $kg^{-1}$ and 597 g $kg^{-1}$, respectively. Total carbon content of biochar samples was 34% higher than its feedstock samples. Significant increases were found in P, K, Ca, Mg, and micro-nutrients contents between feedstock and biochar samples. Biochar from corn stems and rice hulls can sequester by 60% and 49% of the initial carbon input into biochar respectively when biochar is incorporated into the soils. Pyrolysis conversion of corn and rice residues sequestered significant amounts of carbon as biochar which has further environmental and production benefits when applied to soils. Field experiment with crop residue biochar will be investigated the stability of biochars to show long-term carbon sequestration and environmental influences to the cropping systems.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to determine characteristics of residues of the soil-treated boscalid and pyraclostrobin within Hylomecon vernalis and to evaluate the risks from intake of the residual pesticides in the crop. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pesticides were treated to soils at two different concentrations, and the plant samples were collected 57 days after seeding. The samples were extracted using the QuEChERS extraction kit (MgSO₄ 4 g, NaCl 1 g). The quantitative methods for boscalid and pyraclostrobin were validated using linearity, recovery, and CV (coefficient of variation). Risk assessment of the pesticides was performed using Korea national nutrition statistics 2019. CONCLUSION(S): The residual levels of boscalid were 0.02-0.05 mg/kg (for the treatment at 6 Kg/10a) and 0.05-0.08 mg/kg (for the treatment at 12 Kg/10a), respectively. The residual concentrations of pyraclostrobin were below the LOQ. The amounts of pesticides were less than Maximum Residue Limits specified by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The maximum hazard indices of boscalid in chwinamul and amaranth for consumers were 0.0075% and 0.1525%, respectively, and it indicates that the risk of the pesticides from the crop is considered to be low.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1996년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.88-89
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• 1996

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2006년도 한국약용작물학회 공동춘계학술발표회
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• pp.612-613
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• 2006

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to find out necessary measures to improve the tolerance setting system of pesticide residues on food crops in Korea which is scientifically reasonable and harmonizable with international standards. Information on tolerance setting systems of pesticide residues by Codex Alimentarius Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Meeting of Experts on Pesticide Residues, USA, EU, Japan and Taiwan was collected and analyzed. On the basis of information in the above countries, necessary actions to be taken by the Korean regulatory authorities were recommended with respect to priority setting, maximum residue limits (MRLs) setting based on field residue data, group MRLs, minor crop problems, quantitation limit and dietary intake assessment.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

배추에 등록되어 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 살충제 etofenprox와 methoxyfenozide를 살포하여 생물학적 소실곡선식을 통한 수확 전 약제살포 후 경과일수별 잔류량을 예측하였다. 두 시험 농약의 검출한계는 $0.01mg\;kg^{-1}$이었고, 분석법의 회수율은 etofenprox와 methoxyfenozide에서 각각 96.76-95.84%, 94.50-103.26%이었다. 시험농약의 반감기는 기준량 처리구에서 etofenprox와 methoxyfenozide에서 각각 3.2일, 3.5일 이었고, 배랑 처리구에서는 각각 2.7일, 3.5일 이었다. 시험 농약의 약제 살포직후 농도는 잔류허용기준을 초과하였으나, 수확예정일의 시료중 시험농약의 농도는 모두 잔류허용기준 미만이었으며, 수확예정일의 잔류량으로 산출한 시험농약의 ADI 대비 EDI의 비율은 기준량과 배량 처리구에서 모두 4%미만으로 안전한 것으로 평가되었다.