• 공업화학
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.834-841
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• 2005

아디픽산 및 세바식산의 이염기산을 폴리에틸렌글리콜(PEG)과 축합 반응하여 여러종류의 PEG-ester를 합성하였다. 합성된 PEG-ester의 화학적 구조 및 분자량을 FT-IR, $^1H-NMR$, HPLC 및 GPC에 의하여 분석하였다. 또한, 임계미셀농도(CMC), 표면장력, 알루미늄판에 대한 접촉각 등을 통하여 수용액상에서 계면활성제의 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다. PEG-ester의 농도에 따라 표면장력은 72.5에서 45~50 dyne/cm로 감소함을 알 수 있었고, 세바식산을 사용하여 합성한 PEG-ester가 아디픽산을 사용하여 합성한 PEG-ester보다 같은 농도에서 낮은 표면장력을 나타내었다. CMC는 구조에 따라 차이를 나타내었는데 세바식산을 함유한 PEG-ester의 CMC는 $0.9{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}5.3{\times}10^{-3}mol/L$로 폴리옥시알킬렌 단위체가 길어질수록 증가하였으며 아디픽산을 함유한 PEG-ester의 경우, 변곡점을 뚜렷하게 관찰할 수가 없었다. 알루미늄에 대한 젖음성을 알루미늄 시편에 대한 접촉각을 측정하여 검토하였는 바, PEG-ester의 농도가 증가할수록 작아짐을 알 수 있었고 임계점을 관찰할 수가 있었다. 2.5 wt% PEG-ester를 함유한 수용액의 알루미늄에 대한 접촉각은 $45{\sim}53^{\circ}$이었으며 알루미늄 가공 절삭시간은 CMC를 나타내는 농도에서 가장 짧게 관찰되었으며 CMC 농도보다 큰 농도에서 길게 나타났다. 즉, 알루미늄을 가공할 때 PEG-ester의 CMC가 절삭성능에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2015

The torque shear high strength bolt is clamped normally at the break of pin-tail specified. However, the clamping forces on slip critical connections do not often meet the required tension, as it considerably fluctuates due to torque coefficient dependent on lubricant affected temperature. In this study, the clamping tests of torque shear bolts were conducted independently at indoor conditions and at construction site conditions. During last six years, temperature of candidated site conditions was recorded from $-11^{\circ}C$ to $34^{\circ}C$. The indoor temperature condition was ranged from $-10^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ at each $10^{\circ}C$ interval. As for site conditions, the clamping force was reached in the range from 159 to 210 kN and the torque value was from 405 to $556 N{\cdot}m$. The range of torque coefficient at indoor conditions was analyzed from 0.126 to 0.158 while tensions were indicated from 179 to 192 kN. The torque coefficient at site conditions was ranged from 0.118 to 0.152. Based on this test, the variable trends of torque coefficient, tension subjected temperature can be taken by statistic regressive analysis. The variable of torque coefficient under the indoor conditions is $0.13%/^{\circ}C$ while it reaches $2.73%/^{\circ}C$ at actual site conditions. When the indoor trends and site conditions is combined, the modified variable of torque coefficient can be expected as $0.2%/^{\circ}C$. and the modified variable of tension can be determined as $0.18%/^{\circ}C$.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2014

Torque control method and turn of nut method are specified as clamping method of high strength bolts in the steel construction specifications. Quality control of torque coefficient is essential activity because torque control method, which is presently adopted as clamping method in domestic construction sites, is affected by variation of torque coefficient. The clamping of torque shear bolt is based on KS B 2819. It was misunderstood that the tension force of the TS bolt was induced generally at the break of pin-tail specified. However, the clamping forces on slip critical connections do not often meet the intended tension, as it considerably varies due to torque coefficient dependent on the environmental factors and temperature variables despite the break of the pin tail.This study was focused to evaluate the effect of environmental factors and errors of installing bolts during tightening high strength bolts. The environmental parameters were composed of 'wet' condition, 'rust' condition, 'only exposure to air' condition. And the manufacture of trial product was planned to identify the induced force into the bolts. The algorithm for a trial product was composed of the relation between electricity energy taken from torque shear wrench and tension force from hydraulic tension meter.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2008

Robotized filament winding technology involves a robot that winds a roving impregnated by resin on a die along the directions of stresses to which the work-piece is submitted in applications. The robot moves a deposition head along a winding trajectory in order to deposit roving. The trajectory planning is a very critical aspect of robotized filament winding technology, since it is responsible for both the tension constancy and the winding time. The present work shows two original rules to plan the winding trajectory of structural parts, whose shape is obtained by sweeping a full section around a 3D curve that must be closed and not crossing in order to assure a continuous winding. The first rule plans the winding trajectory by approximating the part 3D shape with straight lines; it is called the discretized rule. The second rule defines the winding trajectory simply by offsetting a 3D curve that reproduces the part 3D shape, of a defined distance; it is called the offset rule. The two rules have been compared in terms of roving tension and winding time. The present work shows how the offset rule enables achievement of both the required aims: to manufacture parts of high structural performances by keeping the tension on the roving near to the nominal value and to markedly decrease the winding time. This is the first step towards the optimization of the robotized filament winding technology.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

현수교 주 케이블은 케이블 밴드의 볼트 축력에 대한 정기적인 유지 관리가 매우 중요하다. 현수교 케이블 밴드의 볼트 축력은 시간이 경과함에 따라 케이블 소선의 크리프 현상, 볼트의 릴렉세이션, 하중 변동, 케이블 소선의 재배열 등으로 인해 축력 감소 현상이 발생하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 국내 현수 교량(SR대교)의 케이블 밴드가 시간이 경과하면서 발생하는 축력 감소 현상에 대해 그 원인 및 감소량 등에 대한 현장 측정 및 이론적 검토, 안전율 검토, 장기적인 이력 관리 등을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 케이블 밴드 볼트 축력 감소는 주 케이블 소선에 사용된 아연 도금층의 소성 변형에 크게 영향받는 것을 확인하였으며, 이에 대한 이론적 체계 및 장기 이력 관리에 대한 적용성을 확립하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.6-12
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• 1998

Test results of domestic softwood lumber were presented to examine the notch effect of beams and compare to present AIJ(Architecture Institute of Japan) formula in notched wood member especially positioned in bottom side (tension side) of a beam. Notched lumber was tested under following condition : each specimen supported simply, and subjected to third-point loading at points of 1/3 of the span length. Notch was located opposite side to loading direction and notch depth were 1/6, 1/4, 1/3 of beam depth. Deflection and load were measured by digital dial guage each in 25kgf increment. Bending test results were as follows; Mpro/Mmax range (proportional and maxium bending moment ratio in notched beam) was 0.5 - 0.65. It was considered that maxium bending moment was about 1.5 times to proportional bending moment in notched beam and showed same tendency in the test result of ordinary wood specimens. AU standard formula for the tension side notch, Mmat = 0.6 ${\times}$ (Zo $\sigma$), the constant 0.6 was suitble for notch ratio(notch depth to beam depth) 1/6, but this ratio for 1/4, and 1/3 was not. So it is preferable to accept smaller value than 0.6 for notch ratio more than 1/3. These experiment results showed critical effect in tension side notched wood beam especially in greater than notch ratio 1.3 of wood beam. From the above results, it is recommened to revise design formula adoptable to domestic wood constructon member with tension side notched member.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.193-196
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• 2004

저자들은 실리콘 액을 이용한 질 성형술 후에 급성호흡 곤란 증후군을 보인 환자에서 경기관지 폐생검으로 실리콘에 의한 것으로 생각되는 폐포 대식세포내의 봉입체를 확인하고 대증적인 치료로 호전된 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2006

다공성 폴리비닐리덴플루오라이드(PVDF, polyvinylidenefluoride) 그리고 폴리테트라플루오르에틸렌(PTFE, Polytetrafluoroethylene)에 대하여 순수한 물, $0.1M{\sim}4.0M$ NaOH 수용액, 그리고 $0.1M{\sim}3.0M\;NaHSO_3$ 수용액을 사용하여 임계투과압력을 측정하였다. 임계투과압력은 동일한 평균 기공 크기의 PVDF보다 PTFE가 크게 나타남을 관찰할 수 있었다. NaOH 수용액의 경우 NaOH의 농도 증가에 따라 임계투과압력은 감소하였으며 1.0 M 농도에서 최소값을 나타낸 후 다시 증가함을 확인하였다. 그러나 NaOH이 아닌 다른 염을 용해한 수용액인 $NaHSO_3$ 수용액의 경우 농도를 3.0 M까지 증가하여도 임계투과압력이 계속 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 현상을 이론적인 Cantor식으로 해석할 수 있었다.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 1999년도 제1회 학술대회논문집(KIASC 1st conference 99)
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• pp.134-137
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• 1999

This paper describes the design, code of a $\mu$SMES device that we developed. The 0.7MJ $\mu$SMES coil was wound with high winding tension of about 14kbf/$mm^{2}$ in order to prevent wire motion from Lorentz force. This coil was charged up to a current of 1820A with a ramping rate of about 10A/s, where a quench occurred. This quench current is sbout 82% fo the coil critical current.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집(I)
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• pp.125-130
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• 2002

This paper investigates the dynamic characteristics of a beam axially moving over multiple elastic supports. The spectral element matrix is derived first for the axially moving beam element and then it is used to formulate the spectral element matrix for the moving beam element with an interim elastic support. The moving speed dependance of the eigenvalues is numerically investigated by varying the applied axial tension and the stiffness of the elastic supports. Numerical results show that the fundamental eigenvalue vanishes first at the critical moving speed to generate the static instability.