• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 2015

Food waste has been widely considered as a recycling resource to be applied to agricultural lands due to the effects of organic matter and nutrient for plant productivity. but the maturity and salt concentration in the compost produced from food waste processing facilities should be considered firstly, which was little information on compost quality produced from food waste treatment facility. In this study, we examined actual situation of food waste processing facility on the composting of food waste and evaluated the characteristics of composts produced from food waste processing facilities. The quality of composts was analyzed on the basis of the criteria of fertilizer processing manual. The 46% of food waste treatment facility registered composting produced actually the compost mixed with food waste or animal waste. The compost maturity and salt concentration as indicators of the quality of compost were not met 46.8% of composts collected from food waste processing facilities to the criteria of fertilizer processing manual. Also, 15.6%(moisture) were not satisfied with the criteria. In conclusion, the compost produced from food waste processing facilities is firstly required with better compost maturity and reduced salt concentration in order to use to agricultural lands as an amendment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2014

Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in animal compost and organic fertilizer can have adverse effect on ecosystem and eventually human health. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate feasibility of Charm II system for monitoring residuals of VAs in animal compost and organic fertilizer. Four different VAs (Tetracyclines: TCs, Sulfonamides: SAs, Macrolides: MLs, and ${\beta}$-lactams: ${\beta}$-LTs) were analyzed and total of 100 samples were monitored. Results reveled that SAs in animal compost showed the highest detection frequency (64%) with exceeded concentration of criteria. However, very low detection frequency (0-12%) for ${\beta}$-LTs was observed in animal compost and organic fertilizer. Depending on physicochemical properties of each VAs, detection frequency of VAs was determined. In conclusion, charm II system can be utilized to screen if residual of VAs is in animal compost and organic fertilizer. Also, more research is necessary to establish standard method for analysis of VAs in complex matrix and to minimize adverse effect of VAs from source to environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Agricultural soils are vulnerable from contamination of heavy metal derived from industrial waste. Monitoring on heavy metals on agricultural soils around industrial complexes and evaluation on distributional state on the concentrations of heavy metals in soil have been carried out for problem assessment on soil condition. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil samples of 1,200, were collected from sixty site of industrial complexes located Gyounggi, Chungbuk, Cheonbuk, and Gyoungnam provinces. Total concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and As were analyzed. Heavy metal concentrations in most soil samples were below warning criteria, except 1 site of Pb, Ni, and As, separately. The comparison of mean values of heavy metal concentrations between soils around industrial complexes and paddy soils, showed similar levels of heavy metals, except Pb. The concentrations of lots of heavy metals were distributed between from warning criteria to one fifth level of warning criteria. However, in the case of Cu and Pb, more than 30% were distributed below one twenties level of warning criteria. These results were very similar with the distribution state of heavy metals in upland soils. The concentrations of heavy metals in surface soil and subsoil were similar among the heavy metals in soils around industrial complexes. CONCLUSION: The concentrations of heavy metals in soils around industrial complexes were distributed close to warning criteria. Long term and continous monitoring and evaluation on heavy metals in agricultural soils are required for food safety and sustainable soil management.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.760-767
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• 2016

Food waste (FW) has been recognized as a critical problem in Korea and many research was conducted to efficiently utilize or treat FW. Main purpose of this research was to evaluate a feasibility for producing fermented organic fertilizer with vegetable waste (VW). Three different organic materials (saw dust, coco peat, and waste mushroom media) were mixed with VW at the rate of 30, 40, 50% respectively. Total days of composting experiment were 35 days and each sub samples were collected at every 5 days from starting of composting. Result showed that inner temperature of composting was increased to $60{\pm}4^{\circ}C$ within 5~10 days depending on varied organic materials and mixing ratio. Among different treatment, the highest increase of inner temperature was observed when 30% of saw dust was mixed with VW. After finishing composting experiment, maturity of each compost was evaluated with solvita and germination test. Maturity index (MI) of each treatment was ranged between 5~7 indicating that manufactured fertilizer was curing or finished stage. Calculated germination index (GI) was at the range of 57.83~101.16 depending on organic materials and mixing ratio. Both MI and GI showed that manufactured fertilizer was met for fertilizer criteria while control (VW only) was not adequate for composting. Overall, VW can be utilized for making organic fertilizer mixing with saw dust, coco peat and more research should be conducted to make high quality of organic fertilizer with vegetable waste.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.588-597
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• 2017

Food waste has been recognized as a critical problem in Korea and many research was conducted to efficiently reutilize or treat food waste. Main purpose of this research was to evaluate a feasibility for producing fermented organic fertilizer with mixture of earthworm cast (EC). Four different treatments were mixed with food waste and EC at the rate of 0, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively. Total days of composting experiment were 84 days and each sub samples were collected at every 7 days from starting of composting. Results showed that inner temperature in composting was increased to $70{\pm}4^{\circ}C$ within 5~10 days depending on mixing ratio of EC. Among different treatment, the highest increase of inner temperature was observed in treatment mixed with food waste and EC 30%. After finishing composting experiment, maturity was evaluated with solvita and germination test. Maturity index (MI) of each treatment was ranged between 5~7 indicating that manufactured fertilizer was curing or finished stage. Calculated germination index (GI) was at the range of 104~116 depending on mixing ratio of EC. Both MI and GI showed that manufactured fertilizer was suitable for fertilizer criteria while control (FW only) was not adequate for composting. Overall, earthworm cast can be utilized for improving compost maturity by mixing with food waste and more research should be conducted to make high quality of food waste compost with earthworm cast in agricultural fields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2021

Ammonia emission from the agricultural sector contributes almost 78% of total ammonia emission in Korea. The current ammonia emission estimation method from fertilizer application has high uncertainty and needs to be improved. In this study, we propose an improvement method for estimating the amount of ammonia emission from agricultural land with improved spatiotemporal resolution using Farm Manager Registration Information System and criteria for the fertilizer. We calculated ammonia emissions by utilizing the 2020 cultivation area provided by Farm Manager Registration Information System for 55 kinds of upland crops cultivated in the field area of the farmland. As a result, soybeans were the most cultivated field crop in 2020, and the area of cultivated land was surveyed at about 77,021 ha, followed by sweet potatoes 22,057 ha, garlic 20004 ha, potatoes 17,512 ha, and corn 16,636 ha. The month with the highest ammonia emissions throughout the year was calculated by emitting 590.01 ton yr-1 in May, followed by 486.55 ton yr-1 in March. Hallim-eup in Jeju showed the highest ammonia emission at 117.50 ton yr-1.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2019

The objective of this study was investigated the effect of organic fertilizer(OF) application on the grain yield, protein content, and soil chemical properties in rice cultivation to evaluate the replacement ratio of OF based on basal fertilization of inorganic(nitrogen) fertilizer, In case of soil 1 with optimum range of organic matter for rice growth, the grain yield of rice in 70% and 100% treatments of OF were higher than the other treatments. In soil 2 with higher than the optimum range of soil organic matter, the grain yield of rice of NPK, 30%, 70%, 100%, and 300% treatments of OF showed no significant difference. When the protein criteria of rice quality was below 7%, the treatment of 30%, 70%, and 100% using OF in soil 1 were satisfied with protein criteria of rice. In case of soil 1, ammonium nitrogen content, electrical conductivity, and the organic matter in 30%, 70%, 100%, 300% treatments of OF showed similar tendency to NPK treatment. These results suggested that the substitution ratio of OF 70~100% could be appropriate to increase the yield and commercial quality for rice.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.623-633
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• 2017

Food waste has been recognized as a organic sources for composting and many research was conducted to efficiently utilize or treat. This study was to evaluate a feasibility for producing food waste compost under co-composting with mixture of food and animal waste. The mixing ratio of food and animal waste was 35% as main material, which additionally mixed 30% of sawdust for co-composting. Total days of composting experiment were 84 days and each sub samples were collected at every 7 days from starting of composting. Results showed that inner temperature in composting was rapidly increased to $70{\pm}4^{\circ}C$ within 3~5 days depending on mixing animal waste of cattle, pig, and chicken base compared to sole food waste base. Expecially, the CN ratio in the mixture of food and pig water was the highest (16.2) among compost. After finishing composting experiment, maturity was evaluated with solvita and germination test. Maturity index (MI) of the mixture of food and animal waste was ranged between 6~7, but was 3 in sole food waste. Calculated germination index (GI) was at the range of about 100 irrespectively of mixing of food and animal waste. However, NaCl content and heavy metal as Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents was increased in the mixture of food and animal waste. which was the highest in compost mixed the food and pig waste. Both MI and GI showed that manufactured fertilizer was suitable for fertilizer criteria while sole food waste was not adequate for composting due to composting periods. Overall, mixing the food and animal waste can be utilized for improving compost maturity, but more research should be conducted to make high quality of food waste compost with animal waste in agricultural fields.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2001

In an attempt to evaluate the possibility of producing an organic fertilizer using sediments from coastal farming areas, the chemical composition, bacteriological quality and heavy metals in the sediments alkalized by conditions : a 1:4 mixture of dry sediment to food wastes and the addition of 30% quicklime to the mixture. According to the classification standard for compost constituent by Higgins, all composts had a low or intermediate grade in T-N and $K_2O$ content, a low grade in $P_2O_5$ and a high grade in CaO and MgO content. Stabilization by quicklime and magnesium hydroxide is likely to inhibit th bacterial decomposition of organic matter and the actigity of pathogenic organic. Raising the pH of stabilized sediment to 12 for 2 hours(PSRP criteria of EPA) allowed 99.99% of the coliform group, fecal group and viable cell count to be reduced. the results suggested that the crude fertilizer produced by alkaline stabilization method was innoxious and thereby the sediments from coastal farming areas could be used as organic fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to establish the decision criteria of soil suitability for Korean Black raspberry using soil morphological and physical properties. The investigation was carried out in Gochang, Sunchang, Jeongeup, Pohang, and Hoengseong districts in Korea. The obtained results showed that factors related to the decision criteria of the soil suitability for Korean Black raspberry cultivation were soil texture, soil drainage class, land slope, and available soil depth. The criteria of the best suitability soil for Korean Black raspberry was valley/fan or hill geomorphology, well or moderately drainage class, B-slope(2-7%), coarse loamy soil texture family, less than <15% gravel contents, and available soil depth deeper than 100cm. The area criteria of soil suitability for Korean Black raspberry of Gochang was more than 50% including best and suitable areas.