• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.367-377
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• 2011

This paper investigates the determination factors' variation of real estate price after sub-prime financial crisis, in korea, using a VAR model. The model includes land price, housing price, housing rent (Jensei) price, which time period is from 2000:1Q to 2011:2Q and uses interest rate, real GDP, consumer price index, KOSPI, the number of housing construction, the amount of land sales and practices to impulse response and variance decomposition analysis. Data cover two sub-periods and divided by 2008:3Q that occurred the sub-prime crisis; one is a period of 2000:1Q to 2008:3Q, the other is based a period of 2000:1Q to 2011:2Q. As a result, Comparing sub-prime crisis before and after, land price come out that the influence of real GDP is expanding, but current interest rate's variation is weaken due to the stagnation of current economic status and housing construction market. Housing price is few influenced to interest rate and real GDP, but it is influenced its own variation or Jensei price's variation. According to the Jensei price's rapidly increasing in nowadays, housing price might be increasing a rising possibility. Jensei price is also weaken the influence of all economic index, housing price, comparing before sub-prime financial crisis and it is influenced its own variation the same housing price. As you know, real estate price is weakened market basic value factors such as, interest rate, real GDP, because it is influenced exogenous economic factors such as population structural changes. Economic participators, economic officials, consumer, construction supplyers need to access an accurate observation about current real estate market and economic status.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Objectives: The pandemic of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus has required decision-makers to act in the face of the substantial uncertainties. In this study, we evaluated the potential impact of the pandemic response strategies in the Republic of Korea using a mathematical model. Methods: We developed a deterministic model of a pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in a structured population using the demographic data from the Korean population and the epidemiological feature of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009. To estimate the parameter values for the deterministic model, we used the available data from the previous studies on pandemic influenza. The pandemic response strategies of the Republic of Korea for novel influenza A (H1N1) virus such as school closure, mass vaccination (70% of population in 30 days), and a policy for anti-viral drug (treatment or prophylaxis) were applied to the deterministic model. Results: The effect of two-week school closure on the attack rate was low regardless of the timing of the intervention. The earlier vaccination showed the effect of greater delays in reaching the peak of outbreaks. When it was no vaccination, vaccination at initiation of outbreak, vaccination 90 days after the initiation of outbreak and vaccination at the epidemic peak point, the total number of clinical cases for 400 days were 20.8 million, 4.4 million, 4.7 million and 12.6 million, respectively. The pandemic response strategies of the Republic of Korea delayed the peak of outbreaks (about 40 days) and decreased the number of cumulative clinical cases (8 million). Conclusions: Rapid vaccination was the most important factor to control the spread of pandemic influenza, and the response strategies of the Republic of Korea were shown to delay the spread of pandemic influenza in this deterministic model.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.169-190
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• 2009

Today, the rapid advance of scientific technologies has brought about fundamental changes to the types and levels of terrorism while the war against the world more than one thousand small and big terrorists and crime organizations has already begun. A method highly likely to be employed by terrorist groups that are using 21st Century state of the art technology is cyber terrorism. In many instances, things that you could only imagine in reality could be made possible in the cyber space. An easy example would be to randomly alter a letter in the blood type of a terrorism subject in the health care data system, which could inflict harm to subjects and impact the overturning of the opponent's system or regime. The CIH Virus Crisis which occurred on April 26, 1999 had significant implications in various aspects. A virus program made of just a few lines by Taiwanese college students without any specific objective ended up spreading widely throughout the Internet, causing damage to 30,000 PCs in Korea and over 2 billion won in monetary damages in repairs and data recovery. Despite of such risks of cyber terrorism, a great number of Korean sites are employing loose security measures. In fact, there are many cases where a company with millions of subscribers has very slackened security systems. A nationwide preparation for cyber terrorism is called for. In this context, this research will analyze the current status of Korea's cyber security systems and its laws from a policy perspective, and move on to propose improvement strategies. This research suggests the following solutions. First, the National Cyber Security Management Act should be passed to have its effectiveness as the national cyber security management regulation. With the Act's establishment, a more efficient and proactive response to cyber security management will be made possible within a nationwide cyber security framework, and define its relationship with other related laws. The newly passed National Cyber Security Management Act will eliminate inefficiencies that are caused by functional redundancies dispersed across individual sectors in current legislation. Second, to ensure efficient nationwide cyber security management, national cyber security standards and models should be proposed; while at the same time a national cyber security management organizational structure should be established to implement national cyber security policies at each government-agencies and social-components. The National Cyber Security Center must serve as the comprehensive collection, analysis and processing point for national cyber crisis related information, oversee each government agency, and build collaborative relations with the private sector. Also, national and comprehensive response system in which both the private and public sectors participate should be set up, for advance detection and prevention of cyber crisis risks and for a consolidated and timely response using national resources in times of crisis.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2020

Purpose: When a disaster occurs, information is collected and sent indiscriminately to the disaster safety situation room, making it difficult to make quick and correct decisions. Therefore, in this study, both the field response team and the situation room attempted to derive the essential information elements for disaster management so that they can identify and respond optimally. Method: In this study, the actual disaster response process was first identified based on the case of large-scale fire disasters in multi-dense facilities. Afterwards, essential information on disaster management was obtained by analyzing the standard manual for large-scale fire crisis management in multi-dense facilities and the fire situation report form prepared at the time of disaster. Result: The Essential information on disaster management was divided into four stages: situation reception·reporting·transmission, total response·regional emergency rescue control group·regional disaster safety task force, operation stage of central emergency rescue control group·central disaster safety task force, and recovery stage. Since then, the information to be collected at each stage and the information relevant to core tasks are presented. Conclusion: The Essential information on disaster management thus obtained can serve as a guide for the person who collects information on site to collect information efficiently. In addition, it is expected that the situation room in charge of disaster response decision-making will receive only the information necessary for decision making, so that it is possible to make a quick situation decision and more efficient disaster situation management.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.297-307
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• 2009

Korean household debt is one of the main sources of the current financial crisis. This paper studies the impact of household members' attributes such as a type of housing(self-own or rent), education, age, average monthly income of the head of household, and the area of residence, on the stress level of the household members due to household debt. We analyze a real data set collected by KB Kookmin Bank in 2004. We consider low and high stress level as a binary response variable and use a logistic regression model with the attributes of household members as explanatory variables. A simple but well-fitting model is selected by backward elimination method based on the likelihood statistic for goodness-of-fit test, and the impact of the attributes on the stress level is studied from parameter estimates of the selected model. We also perform the similar analysis on a binary response variable which distinguishes households with no debt from the rest. From the analysis, the stress level tends to be low for households with self-own houses, high average monthly income, low education level, and young members.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.211-254
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• 2014

Malawi's agricultural extension system has been subjected to a number of criticisms in recent times for failing to contribute significantly to agricultural development and for not responding to the needs of the smallholder farmers. Despite this, extension is still seen as key to improving poverty and rural livelihoods.There is a number of challenges facing extension that require a response from the public sector and other stakeholders. A clear and positive response to these challenges will help shape the future of agricultural extension in Malawi for the benefit of all farmers and the attainment of the broad policy objectives of government: democratization, market liberalization, decentralization, HIV/AIDS crisis, shrinking public sector resources, public sector reform, and co-ordination, etc. The mission is to provide pluralistic demand driven extensions services and promote equalisation and co-ordination in service provision in order to achieve food security at household level, there-by reducing poverty. On the other hand the vision is that 'All farmers' demand and access high quality extension services from those best able to provide them'. DAES implements its extension policy through the District Agricultural Extension Services System (DAESS), based on Model Village Approach.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the responsiveness and its related factors of public health center for novel influenza A (H1N1) epidemic. The data was collected through a web-based survey conducted during February to April 2011. The 182 respondents were team leaders or persons who were responsible for H1N1-related work at public health centers during the H1N1 prevalence. The related factors affecting the responsiveness were different by urban or rural area. In the level of gu (urban) area, cooperation with the public organizations, preparing its own response plan were the significant factors. But, in the level of si or gun (rural) area, cooperation with private organizations (clinic or pharmacy), physical (facilities, equipments, and medicines), and human infrastructures (public health professions, education and knowledge, and motivation) were more important factors. Therefore, how to cope with H1N1 prevalence in the future should be different by local characteristics. As a result, there are several challenges that public health centers should prepare for the further emerging infectious diseases. First, it is needed to make standard manuals which could strengthen education and training in order to respond appropriately, as well as to prepare enough physical infrastructures for the crisis. Next, the public health center should prepare correct media response and cooperation system with public and private organizations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.214-221
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify the negative effects of sports sponsorships on consumer attitudes towards sports celebrities and the products advertised by them. The results of this study verified the main effects of sports celebrities' responsibility level on consumer attitudes toward the sports celebrity and his/her products in cases of negative incidents. Furthermore, the moderating roles of sports celebrities' response strategies were identified. Data were collected from 135 undergraduate students in the Republic of Korea using a questionnaire. The data from nine participants were discarded because of disingenuous answers to the questionnaire; thus, the final sample consisted of 126 participants. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of the obtained data revealed that a sports celebrity's responsibility level has negative effects on consumer attitude toward the sports celebrity and the product. The moderating effects of the sports celebrity's response strategies were also significant.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.193-218
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• 2006

This paper examines the macroeconomic structural differences of the free floating exchange rate regime and the managed float exchange rate regime focusing on the Korean economy, and compares it to the two benchmark economies, Japan and Australia. Korea's shift to the free floating exchange rate regime from the managed float exchange rate regime came after the 1997 economic crisis. Korea's exchange rate policy provides a unique opportunity to study the different behaviors or roles, if any, of managed float and free floating exchange rate regimes. Based on a simple monetary model, we find that the exchange rates of Korea are more sensitive to the economic fundamentals under the free floating regime than under the managed float regime. Impulse response analysis shows that exchange rate pass-through into domestic variables, especially inflation rate, has a bigger short-term impact under the floating regime than under the managed regime. This finding is consistent with the view that the managed (or fixed) regime provides the domestic price stability necessary for the economic growth for the developing countries.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.38-52
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to suggest the main functions and implications of public hospitals to effectively respond to the future epidemic crisis based on analyzing the accessibility to designated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) medical institutions of Seoul and examining the main features of the quarantine of Seoul municipal hospitals. Method: To analyze the response and function of Seoul municipal hospitals, we reviewed the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention ACT, 258 articles of Seoul Metropolitan Government press releases from January to the end of April, 48 articles of Seoul Metropolitan Government's daily newsletters, 2019 Health Bureau Budget report. We also referred to internal data of Seoul Children's Hospital, Seoul Seobuk Hospital, and Seoul Eunpyeong Hospital during the same period. Besides, the accessibility to medical institutions was analyzed by using the COVID-19 data which was announced daily basis. Results: The accessibility of COVID-19 patients living in the Southeastern part of Seoul to a medical institutions was 16.2km on a distance basis, and it was the lowest accessibility among four regions of Seoul since it took about 40 minutes by car. On the other hand, patients living in the Northeast part had the highest accessibility, as the access to medical institutions was 10.7km and 27 minutes by car. Also, the main functions of the municipal hospital of Seoul against COVID-19 were to shift the public hospital function to COVID-19 patients only hospitals, to perform the epidemiological investigation by medical doctors, and to support the operation of self-isolation facilities, community treatment centers and triage rooms of community health centers. Conclusion: Through the experience of COVID-19, we suggested that the functions of public hospitals will be reorganized as the reinforcement of infectious disease treatment and mental health for quarantined patients, cooperation with private hospitals, supporting for strengthening community health capacity and preparation for another epidemic.