• 약학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1989

To predict the influence of carbon monoxide poisonining on cerebral energy metabolism, rats were exposed to 5000 ppm environment for 30 minutes. Carboxyhemoglobin (HBCO) saturation rate in this condition was 72% equally in male and female rats. Cerebral cortex in the rats showed lower level of ATP, glucose, creatine phosphate and higher level of lactate, pyruvate by anaerobic glycolysis. As for the levels of ATP, creatine phsphate and glucose, the cerebral cortex contents of them were larger in female rats of estrus than in male rats, whereas there was no difference between sexes in the levels of pyruvate and lactate. According to time passage from CO intoxication, the mode of changes in cerebral energy metabolite contents was similar in both sexes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.834-841
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) on the energy metabolism in thigh muscle of embryos and neonatal broilers. Methods: A total of 960 eggs were randomly assigned to three treatments: i) non-injected control group, ii) saline group injected with 0.6 mL of physiological saline (0.75%), and iii) CrPyr group injected with 0.6 mL of physiologi-cal saline (0.75%) containing 12 mg CrPyr/egg on 17.5 d of incubation. After hatching, 120 male chicks (close to the average body weight of the pooled group) in each group were randomly assigned to eight replications. The feeding experiment lasted 7 days. Results: The results showed that IOF of CrPyr increased glucose concentrations in the thigh muscle of broilers on 2 d after injection (p<0.05). Compared with the control and saline groups, the concentration of creatine in CrPyr group was increased on 2 d after injection and the day of hatch (p<0.05). Moreover, IOF of CrPyr increased the creatine kinase activity at hatch and increased the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase on 2 d after injection and the day of hatch (p<0.05). Chicks in CrPyr group showed higher mRNA expressions of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and GLUT8 on the day of hatch (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that IOF of CrPyr was beneficial to enhance muscle energy reserves of em-bryos and hatchlings.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.493-498
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• 1990

Antimetabolited인 6-aminonicotinamide(6-AN)가 토끼의 혈청내 효소 및 대사 물질에 미치는 영향에 관하여 연구하였다. 복강투여시 (l5mg/kg의 체중) 포도당과 콜레스테놀농도는 현저이 증가하였으나 알부민고 총단백질량은 크게 변하지 않았다. Creatine phophokinase,glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase,glutamic pyruvate transaminase 및 alctate dehydrogensenase활성은 매우 증가하였으며 alkaline phosphatase와 Ca, P, Na, K, Cl 및 Co등의 수준은 영향을 받지 않았다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.685-692
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• 2001

Study the variation of low frequency electrical stimulation on human metabolism which serum to test the increasement of creatine- kinase, myoglobin, lactate .and pyruvate. The results were as followed: 1) Creatine kinase increasement showed significant difference between 200 Hz stimulation group and control group, and also between 300Hz stimulation group and control group, but no significant increasement difference showed in 50 Hz stimulation group compared to control group. 2) Lactate increasement showed significant difference in 200 Hz stimulation group and 300 Hz stimulation group compared to control group, but no significant difference showed in 50 Hz stimulation group. 3) Pyruvate increasement showed significant difference in 50 Hz stimulation group and 200 Hz stimulation group compared to control group, but no significant increasement difference showed between 50 Hz stimulation group and control group. (P < 0.05) 4) Myoglobin increasement showed significant difference in 50Hz stimulation group and 200 Hz stimulation group compared to control group, and also in 200 Hz stimulation group and 300 Hz stimulation group compared to 50Hz stimulation group. ( P < 0.05)

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2002

배경: 심장이식에 있어서 허혈-재관류 손상은 이식심장의 기능회복이나 장기생존을 좌우하는 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 세포질내의 NADH/NAD$^{+}$ 비율의 조절에 관여하는 피루브산염과 아스파라진산염을 현재 일반적으로 흔히 쓰이고 있는 장기 보존액인 위스콘신대학 용액에 첨가하여 심근을 보호하고 재관류 후의 심장 보존능의 효과를 증명하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 생후 3일 이내의 신생돈의 심장을 4$^{\circ}C$ 위스콘신대학 용액(대조군, n=8)과 피루브산염과 아스파라진산염을 첨가한 위스콘신대학 용액(실험군, n=8)으로 심정지를 유도하여 적출하고 4$^{\circ}C$ 동일한 용액에서 24시간 동안 허혈상태로 보존한 후, 성돈을 교차순환 재관류혈 공급원으로 사용하여 좌심단순작업성 관류모델(left-sided working heart model)로 재관류 시킨 다음, 관류심장에서 일정한 시간 간격으로 박출작업계수(stroke work index)를 측정하였고, 관류가 끝난 후, 고 에너지 인산함유량(high-energy Phosphate stores), 심근의 수분 함유량(myocardial water content)을 측정하여 두 군을 비교하였다. 결과: 재관류가 시작되고 60분과 120분이 경과된 후에 좌심실 확장기말 압력(LVEDP)이 3, 6, 9, 및 12mmHg일 때 각각 박출작업계수를 측정하였는데, 60분이 경과된 후에 측정한 박출작업계수는 실험군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았고 [n=8, p<0.05, 대조군(16.3 $\pm$8.3$\times$1,000 erg/g) vs. 실험군(33.1 $\pm$ 15.1$\times$1,000 erg/g)], 120분이 경과된 후에도 실험군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다 [n=8, p<0.05, 대조군(15.8$\pm$8.0$\times$1,000 erg/g) vs. 실험군(35.1$\pm$16.3$\times$l,000 erg/g)〕고 에너지 인산 중, AMP, ADP, 및 ATP의 함유량은 실험군에서 높게 측정되었다 [n=8, p<0.05, AMP -대조군(30.8$\pm$8.7 micromo1/g myocardium) vs. 실험군(53.1$\pm$11.1),ADP -대조군(52.6$\pm$7.3) vs. 실험군(91.3$\pm$20.9), ATP -대조군(67.5$\pm$23.8) vs. 실험군(156.5$\pm$45.8)]. 그러나, creatine phosphate 함유량 [n=8, p>0.05, 대조군(546.6$\pm$197.0 micromol/g myocardium) vs. 실험군(595.5$\pm$179.6) 과 심근 수분 함유량 [n=8, p>0.05, 대조군(87.2$\pm$5.5%) vs. 실험군(82.4$\pm$10.1)] 은 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 이상의 결과는 피루브산염 와 아스파라진산염이 첨가된 위스콘신대학 용액이 위스콘신대학 용액만을 사용한 경우보다, 박출작업계수와 심근에너지 보존 측면에서 평가하기로는 심근보호 기능이 더 우수하다는 것을 나타내고 있다. 그리고, 대사과정에서 NADH/NAD$^{+}$의 대사와 관련이 없는 creatine phosphate의 보존에는 차이가 없다는 결과는 피루브산염과 아스파라진산염이 세포질내의 NADH/NAD$^{+}$의 조절에 관여하여 심근을 보호하리라는 가설을 가능하게 한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.437-443
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• 1984

포도당으로 perfusion한 쥐의 뒷다리 근육에 전기자극으로 근육운동을 유도하여 대사물의 농도변화를 측정한 결과는 아래와 같다. 근육내의 구연산회로대사물, 피루빅산, 젖산등의 농도가 상당히 증가하였고 알라닌, 글루타믹산, 아스파틱산등의 아미노산은 약간 증가하였고, 크레아틴 포스페이트, ATP의 농도가 급강하 한데 반하여 AMP와 암모니아의 농도가 증가하였다. 이 결과는 운동시에 에너지대사를 촉진시키는 구연산회로 대사물 일부는 아미노산으로부터 transamination 반응을 통하여 공급되고, 일부는 purine nucleotidecycle반응을 통하여 아스파틱산으로 공급되고 있음을 밝혔다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2002

OBJECTIVES : Schizandra chinensis is well known for its efficacy at liver function reinforcement, relieving thirst and recovery from fatigue. In this study, we examined the effects of sports drink containing Schizandra chinensis on serum metabolic substrate, electrolyte, stress indicators, related-enzyme and exercise performance, rectal temperature, and heat shock proteinb70 (HSP70). METHODS : Elite long-distance runners (male, 21.3yrs, n=16) were selected and divided into two groups; an experimental group (EXP, n=8) and a control group (CON, n=8). A beverage containing Schizandra chinensis was supplemented 3 times per day to EXP for 4 weeks. Serum biochemical elements (glucose, lactate, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, Na, K, Cl) were analyzed by auto blood analyzer. Exercise performance was measured by treadmill exercise test, HSP70 was detected by electrophoresis and Western blotting, and rectal temperature was measured by rectal temperature probe. RESULTS : Administration of the beverage increased significantly the rest level of blood Na, Cl and glucose and decreased significantly lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. No difference was found in exercise performance, rectal temperature increment or HSP70 concentration between groups. CONCLUSIONS : Administration of a sports drink containing Schizandra chinensis altered blood glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, Na and Cl levels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1633-1642
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• 2017

Objective: Evaluation of exercise effects in racehorses is important in horseracing industry and animal health care. In this study, we compared metabolic patterns between before and after exercise to screen metabolic biomarkers for exercise effects in thoroughbreds. Methods: The concentration of metabolites in muscle, plasma, and urine was measured by $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis and the relative metabolite levels in the three samples were compared between before and after exercise. Subsequently, multivariate data analysis based on the metabolic profiles was performed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable important plots and t-test was used for basic statistical analysis. Results: From $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy analysis, 35, 25, and 34 metabolites were detected in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Aspartate, betaine, choline, cysteine, ethanol, and threonine were increased over 2-fold in the muscle; propionate and trimethylamine were increased over 2-fold in the plasma; and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were increased over 2-fold whereas acetoacetate, arginine, citrulline, creatine, glutamine, glutarate, hippurate, lysine, methionine, phenylacetylglycine, taurine, trigonelline, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine N-oxide were decreased below 0.5-fold in the urine. The OPLS-DA showed clear separation of the metabolic patterns before and after exercise in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Statistical analysis showed that after exercise, acetoacetate, arginine, glutamine, hippurate, phenylacetylglycine trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and trigonelline were significantly decreased and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were significantly increased in the urine (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, we analyzed integrated metabolic patterns in the muscle, plasma, and urine before and after exercise in racehorses. We found changed patterns of metabolites in the muscle, plasma, and urine of racehorses before and after exercise.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2011

Development of mouse fetus brains can be defined morphologically and functionally by three developmental stages, embryo day (ED) 16, postnatal stage one week and eight weeks. These defined stages of brain development may be closely associated with differential gene expression rates due to limited cellular resources such as energy, space, and free water. Complex patterns of expressed genes and proteins during brain development suggests the changes in relative concentrations of proteins rather than the increase in numbers of new gene products. This study was designed to evaluate early protein expression pattern in mouse fetus brain. The mouse brain proteome of fetus at ED 15.5, and 19.5 was obtained using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (DE). Analysis of the 2-DE gels in pH 3-10 range revealed the presence of 15 differentially expressed spots, of which 11 spots were identified to be known proteins following MALDI-TOF analysis; 3 spots were up-regulated and 8 spots were down-regulated in the mouse fetus brain at ED 15.5. UP-regulated proteins were identified as MCG18238, isoform M2 of pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2, isoform 2 of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2, creatine kinase B-type, 40S ribosomal protein SA and hemoglobin subunit beta-H1. Down-regulated proteins were putative uncharacterized protein, lactoylglutathione lyase and secreted acidic cysteine rich glycoprotein. Our results revealed composite profiles of mouse fetus brain proteins related to mouse fetus development by 2-DE analysis implying possible roles of these proteins in neural differentiation.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2018

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a Fusarium mycotoxin, causes health hazards for both humans and livestock. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic profiles of the liver, serum, and urine of piglets fed DON using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H-NMR$) spectroscopy. The $^1H-NMR$ spectra of the liver, serum, and urine samples of the piglets provided with feed containing 8 mg DON/kg for 4 weeks were aligned and identified using the icoshift algorithm of MATLAB $R^2013b$. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis and by MetaboAnalyst 4.0. The DON-treated groups exhibited discriminating metabolites in the three different sample types. Metabolic profiling by $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopy revealed potential metabolites including lactate, glucose, taurine, alanine, glycine, glutamate, creatine, and glutamine upon mycotoxin exposure (variable importance in the projection, VIP > 1). Forty-six metabolites selected from the principal component analysis (PCA) helped to predict sixty-five pathways in the DON-treated piglets using metabolite sets containing at least two compounds. The DON treatment catalyzed the citrate synthase reactions which led to an increase in the acetate and a decrease in the glucose concentrations. Therefore, our findings suggest that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, ATP synthase, and pyruvate carboxylase should be considered important in piglets fed DON contaminated feed. Metabolomics analysis could be a powerful method for the discovery of novel indicators underlying mycotoxin treatments.