Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
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Analysis of metabolomic patterns in thoroughbreds before and after exercise

  • Jang, Hyun-Jun (College of Pharmacy, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, Duk-Moon (Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University) ;
  • Kim, Kyu-Bong (College of Pharmacy, Dankook University) ;
  • Park, Jeong-Woong (Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Choi, Jae-Young (Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Oh, Jin Hyeog (Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Song, Ki-Duk (Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Suhkmann (Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University) ;
  • Cho, Byung-Wook (Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2017.02.03
  • Accepted : 2017.06.02
  • Published : 2017.11.01
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Abstract

Objective: Evaluation of exercise effects in racehorses is important in horseracing industry and animal health care. In this study, we compared metabolic patterns between before and after exercise to screen metabolic biomarkers for exercise effects in thoroughbreds. Methods: The concentration of metabolites in muscle, plasma, and urine was measured by $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis and the relative metabolite levels in the three samples were compared between before and after exercise. Subsequently, multivariate data analysis based on the metabolic profiles was performed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable important plots and t-test was used for basic statistical analysis. Results: From $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy analysis, 35, 25, and 34 metabolites were detected in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Aspartate, betaine, choline, cysteine, ethanol, and threonine were increased over 2-fold in the muscle; propionate and trimethylamine were increased over 2-fold in the plasma; and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were increased over 2-fold whereas acetoacetate, arginine, citrulline, creatine, glutamine, glutarate, hippurate, lysine, methionine, phenylacetylglycine, taurine, trigonelline, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine N-oxide were decreased below 0.5-fold in the urine. The OPLS-DA showed clear separation of the metabolic patterns before and after exercise in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Statistical analysis showed that after exercise, acetoacetate, arginine, glutamine, hippurate, phenylacetylglycine trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and trigonelline were significantly decreased and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were significantly increased in the urine (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, we analyzed integrated metabolic patterns in the muscle, plasma, and urine before and after exercise in racehorses. We found changed patterns of metabolites in the muscle, plasma, and urine of racehorses before and after exercise.

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References

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