• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2017

Background: Human skin undergoes distinct changes throughout the aging process, based on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In a process called photoaging, UVB irradiation leads to upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1, which then causes collagen degradation and premature aging. Mixtures of medicinal plants have traditionally been used as drugs in oriental medicine. Based on the previously reported antioxidant properties of Panax ginseng Meyer and Crataegus pinnatifida, we hypothesized that the mixture of P. ginseng Meyer and C. pinnatifida (GC) would have protective effects against skin aging. Methods: Anti-aging activity was examined both in human dermal fibroblasts under UVB irradiation by using Western blot analysis and in healthy human skin by examining noninvasive measurements. Results: In vitro studies showed that GC improved procollagen type I expression and diminished matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion. Based on noninvasive measurements, skin roughness values, including total roughness (R1), maximum roughness (R2), smoothness depth and average roughness (R3), and global photodamage scores were improved by GC application. Moreover, GC ameliorated the high values of smoothness depth (R4), which means that GC reduced loss of skin moisture. Conclusion: These results suggest that GC can prevent aging by inhibiting wrinkle formation and increasing moisture in the human skin.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.270-277
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Crataegus pinnatifida which was extracted with water and different concentrations of EtOH (0~100%). The extraction yield of 70% EtOH (33.16%) was higher than that of 50% EtOH (27.79%), water (21.71%), 30% EtOH (21.88%) and 100% EtOH (19.03%). Total polyphenol contents of 50% EtOH extract from C. pinnatifida were the highest. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were $80.79{\pm}0.83%$ and $34.92{\pm}0.97%$ in 50% EtOH extract, respectively, which were higher than those of other extracts. The inhibitory activities of 50% ethanol extract from C. pinnatifida against advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase were determined to be $27.09{\pm}2.27%$ and $58.87{\pm}0.70%$, respectively. The inhibitory activity of water extract from C. pinnatifida against aldose reductase was higher ($30.68{\pm}1.41%$) than those of other extracts. Overall, 50% EtOH extract from C. pinnatifida showed the highest antidiabetic and antioxidant effects. These results suggest that 50% ethanol extracts from C. pinnatifida have potential as a useful ingredient with antidiabetic and antioxidant effects.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate cytoprotective effect of Korean medicinal plants on alcohol-induced cytotoxicity in liver cells. Out of the 120 plant extracts tested in this study, 53 plant extracts enhanced alcohol-induced cytotoxicity in liver cells by 50~80%, while other 11 plant extracts including Crataegus pinnatifida reduced cytotoxicity by 1~68%. The results of DPPH free radical test and LDL lipid peroxidation test on the plant extracts that sharply reduced cytotoxicity in liver cells shows that Crataegus pinnatifida and Cinnamomum cassia had antioxidative effect. This study reports that the plant extracts that enhance or reduce ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in liver cells can be research objects as cytotoxic plants or cytotoxicity-protective plants.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1235-1242
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• 2003

This study was performed for the investigation of vasodilatory effects of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge and for isolation and structure determination of the constituent from the active fraction. The fruits of this herbal drug were extracted with 80% methanol, then fractioned successively with methylene chloride, ethylacetate and n-butanol. Among the fractions, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most effective vascular relaxation against phenylephrine-induced arterial contraction. In order to isolate the active constituent by activity-guided fractionation, this fraction was chromatographed on silica gel to yield seven subfractions. Among the subfractions, the active one showing the most potent vascular relaxation activity was further separated by prep. HPLC with reversed phase Microsorb C-18 column using 1 % acetic acid and methanol gradient solvent system to afford one pure compound, which revealed a potent vasodilatory effect. Instrumental analyses (NMR and mass spectrometry) of the isolated constituent indicated this compound to be (-)-epicatechin. The vasodilatory action mechanism of this compound should be further investigated.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.2 s.141
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• pp.121-128
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• 2005

In order to find the antioxidative compounds, fractionation of the MeOH extract of the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida guided by DPPH scavenging test furnished seven phenolic compounds, $quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (1), myricetin-3-O-rhamnose (2), $quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-galctopyranoside$ (3), $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$ (4), quercetin (5), $apigenin-8-C-{\beta}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (2'-O-rhamnosylvitexin) (6) and (-)-epicatechin (7). All of isolated compounds showed the significant antioxidative effect on DPPH free radical scavenging test and TBARS assay.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2003

MMP-1 inhibitory compounds were isolated from 120 Korean traditional edible plants. UP- 1 activity significantly increased linearly with increasing UVB dose in normal human foreskin fibroblast HS68 cell, showing maximum activity at approximately 35 $mJ/cm^2$, whereas in HaCaT cell, normal human keratinocyte, no increase was observed. Maximum secretion of MMP-1 after UVB treatment occurred around 36-48 k after treatment. MMP-1 inhibitory compound isolated from cold-water fraction of Cataegus pinnatifida Bunge showed the mort potent activity. The MMP-1 inhibitory compound was deduced as a peptide based on the fact that pronase digestion decreased the activity whereas periodate oxidation did not. The most potent UP- 1-inhibitory protein, CP-2Va-2, showing an activity of 88.5% against MMP-1, was isolated through sequential column chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650C, Butyl-Toyopearl 650M, and Bio-Gel P-30. Molecular weight of CP-2Va-2 determined through high performance liquid chromatography and SDS PACE was 19 and 20 kDa. respectively, signifying a monomeric structure.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.386-392
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• 2014

Haw (Crataegus pinnatifida $B_{UNGE}$) is a medicinal plant commonly used in Korea due to its beneficial health effects. This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative activity of bioactive components from haw seed. Freeze-dried seed was processed with various solvents such as 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, a mixture of chloroform and methanol (2:1, v / v), n-butanol and ethyl acetate (EA). DPPH, reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ABTS radical scavenging activity decreased in this order: 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, EA, CM, n-butanol extracts. NO radical scavenging activity was high in the n-butanol extract (36.73% in 0.8 mg/ml concentration) and low in the 70% ethanol extract (24.96% in 0.8 mg/ml concentration). $OH^-$ radical scavenging activity of n-butanol extract (40.42% in 0.8 mg/ml concentration) was higher than the other extracts, but EA extract was the lowest (13.39%) at the same concentration. The results show that each extract contained various antioxidative substances and it seemed that different influence at each antioxidative activity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.392-399
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• 2014

Haw(Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) belongs to the rose family and has beneficial health effects such as anti-obesity and gastroprotective activities. This study compared the antioxidative activities of various solvent extracts from haw. After removing seeds, pulpy was extracted with 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform :methanol(CM, 2:1, v/v), n-butanol, and ethyl acetate(EA). Total phenol contents were 71.46, 70.41, 47.63, 47.49 and 45.95 mg/g in the 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, CM, n-butanol and EA extracts, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of CM and n-butanol extracts were higher compared to other extracts at 1.63 mg/g and 1.59 mg/g, respectively, whereas EA extract had the lowest flavonoid content at 1.12 mg/g. Corresponding to total phenol contents, among $NO_2$ radical scavenging activity, antioxidant activity by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay, and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like ability, 70% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts showed higher antioxidative activities than the other extracts. However, the lowest activities were n-butanol extract in $NO_2$ radical scavenging activity as well as EA extract in antioxidant activity by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay and SOD-like ability. These results suggest that haw extracts are available as a new natural antioxidant, and its activities are attributed to antioxidant substances such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1158-1163
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• 2017

This study investigated the antioxidative activity and whitening efficacy of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge fruit 70% ethanol extract (CFE). The total polyphenol contents of CFE was 61.31 mg/g, and the total flavonoid contents was 25.42 mg/g. The electron donating ability of CFE at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ was 85.80%. The ABTS radical scavenging activity, and reducing power of CFE at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were 17.3% and 0.31, relatively. The maximum permissible levels of CFE in melanoma cells were $100{\mu}g/mL$. CFE at $50{\mu}g/mL$ reduced melanin contents by 8.5%. CFE at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity by 46.83%. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that CFE effectively inhibited tyrosinase activity, whereas melanin synthesis was weak. These results suggest that Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge fruit could be used as a whitening agent and antioxidant resources for functional foodstuffs, cosmetics, and beauty industrial materials.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.775-782
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Crataegus pinnatifida var. psilosa extracts obtained from 95% methanol and water. Methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and methanol were used to fractionate the 95% methanol extract and each fraction was testified total polyphenol contents, electron donating abilities, the scavenging abilities of superoxide anion radical, as well as hydrogen peroxide. Extraction yields of 95% methanol and water from Crataegus pinnatifida var. psilosa were 25.40%, 23.12% respectively. Total polyphenol contents were $28,708.0{\pm}1,755.05{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$ in 95% methanol, revealing the highest among them, $12,726.67{\pm}479.33{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$ in water extract, $15,854.67{\pm}498.38{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$ in methanol fraction, $11,810.67{\pm}584.48{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$ in ethyl acetate fraction, and $5294.67{\pm}190.36{\mu}g\;GAE/mL$ in methylene chloride fraction. Total polyphenol contents revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between the solvents. In the experiment of the electron donating ability, water extract revealed $84.33{\pm}0.1%$ scavenging ability, the highest. Other extracts and fractions were $81.8{\pm}1.11%$ for water, $79.73{\pm}1.32%$ for ethyl acetate fraction, $75.73{\pm}2.17%$ for methylene chloride fraction, and $42.1{\pm}5.01%$ for methanol fraction, the lowest electron donating ability. Electron donating abilities revealed significant difference (p<0.05) between the solvents. In the experiment of superoxide anion radical scavenging ability, ethyl acetate fraction($0.0026{\pm}0.0002$) had the highest scavenging ability, and the others revealed slight increase rather than decrease in scavenging ability. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability revealed the highest in methanol fraction ($-0.00206{\pm}0.00165$) and the others were as follow; water extract ($0.00157{\pm}0.00249$), 95.0% methanol extract ($0.005{\pm}0.0036$), methylene chloride fraction ($0.0039{\pm}0.00364$), and ethyl acetate fraction ($0.0002{\pm}0.00059$).