• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2024

Background: The influence of smoking on nonsyndromic clefts has been a topic of research for many years. However, few studies have investigated the effect of smoking on causing clefts in different gene pools. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted of case-control studies related to smoking. Keywords such as "clefts," "cleft lip," "cleft palate," "orofacial cleft," and "smoking" were used to search the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Results: In total, 51 articles were reviewed. The RevMan software was utilized for the analysis, and the Mantel-Haenszel method was employed to pool the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Although the overall OR, a measure of the association between exposure and outcome, was higher for smokers than for non-smokers, this association was significantly stronger in individuals from Asia and South America (1.73), and lowest in Europe (1.31). Among active and passive smokers in Asia, the OR was approximately 0.93, indicating an equivalent impact from both types of smoking. Conclusion: This analysis indirectly suggests that restriction measures targeting both active and passive smoking are crucial in Asia.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2024

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a rare condition characterized by nodular lesions predominantly in the head and neck region, often causing discomfort or pain. Treatment remains challenging because of its rarity and the lack of established guidelines. This report presents a case of ALHE affecting the earlobes that was successfully managed using ear lobule reduction surgery and subsequent intralesional steroid injections. A 31-year-old woman with a history of recurrent earlobe masses underwent a partial excision to avoid the loss of the earlobe. Histopathological examination confirmed Kimura disease, a variant of ALHE. Subsequent local methylprednisolone injections effectively controlled the remaining lesions, resulting in significant size reduction without notching. Various treatment modalities have been attempted for this condition; however, recurrence rates remain high. Surgical resection combined with intralesional corticosteroid injections is the preferred approach. In this case, a sub-antitragal groove technique for earlobe reduction was employed to preserve the lateral edge of the ear lobule, minimize the risk of deformity, and achieve a predictable outcome. The sub-antitragal groove technique offers an approach to reduce earlobe size without compromising aesthetics. Further research is required to elucidate the pathogenesis of ALHE and establish standardized treatment protocols for this rare condition.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2009

치아크기가 전반적으로 클 때 어떤 환자에서는 전돌이 나타나는 반면, 어떤 환자에서는 치아밀집 현상이 나타난다. 본 연구는 치아전돌자와 치아밀집자 간의 측모두부방사선규격사진상의 특징을 비교함으로써 치아전돌 또는 치아밀집발생 원인을 규명하기 위하여 시행되었다. 치아크기가 정상에 비하여 크면서 제1급 구치관계를 가지는 치아전돌자 29명, 치아밀집자 22명을 선정한 후 중절치부터 제1대구치까지 치아크기를 비교하는 한편, 측모두부방사선규격사진에서 투사도를 작성하고 골격형태, 설골 및 절치 위치를 나타내는 여러 가지 계측치를 설정하고 치아전돌자와 치아밀집자 양 군 간의 비교분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 본 연구에서 선정된 치아전돌자와 치아밀집자의 치아크기는 양 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 골격형태를 나타내는 계측항목 중 S-N, A'-Ptm', SNA, ANB, 그리고 facial convexity에서 치아전돌자가 통계적으로 유의한 큰 값을 보였다. 또한 설골의 수직위치를 나타내는 hy-PP와 hy-MP는 치아전돌자에서 통계적으로 더 작게, 설골의 전후방 위치를 나타내는 hy'-Go는 치아전돌자에서 통계적으로 더 크게 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 치아전돌자가 치아밀집자에 비해 골격적으로는 상악전돌 경향을 보이고 설골의 위치는 전방 또는 전상방에 위치하고 있어 이러한 차이가 치아전돌 또는 치아밀집 결정과 관련이 있음을 시사하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.460-467
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• 2008

Pierre Robin sequence as a symptom triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate results in upper airway obstruction and feeding problems. If mild, it is often managed in the prone position. When positional treatment fails, however, surgical intervention such as tongue-lip adhesion, tracheostomy, and mandibular distraction osteogenesis is mandatory to relieve airway obstruction. There has been growing interest in the application of distraction osteogenesis for the management of craniofacial abnormalities. The mandibular distraction osteogenesis to newborns may prevent the airway obstruction, decrease the potential tracheostomy, and reduce the likehood of orthognathic surgery after growth. We experienced an infant with Pierre Robin sequence who showed mandibular hypoplasia, glossoptosis, incomplete cleft palate, intermittent cyanos is, depression of the chest, and respiratory difficulty associated with airway obstruction. We treated the airway obstruction by tongue-lip adhesion at 2 weeks of age, and treated the mandibular retrognathism and depression of the chest byusing internal mandibular distraction osteogenesis at 7 month of age. The mandible moved forwardly, the upper airway space was enlarged, and the antero-posterior distance of the mandible was elongated after the mandibular distraction. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis may be a promising technique to avoid the need of tracheostomy and orthognathic surgery, and to correct airway obstruction in infants with congenital craniofacial malformation.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2022

Pharyngeal pouches, a series of outgrowths of the pharyngeal endoderm, are a key epithelial structure governing facial skeleton development in vertebrates. Pouch formation is achieved through collective cell migration and rearrangement of pouch-forming cells controlled by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. While essential transcription factors and signaling molecules have been identified in pouch formation, regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics have not been reported yet in any vertebrates. Cofilin1-like (Cfl1l) is a fish-specific member of the Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/Cofilin family, a critical regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in eukaryotic cells. Here, we report the expression and function of cfl1l in pouch development in zebrafish. We first showed that fish cfl1l might be an ortholog of vertebrate adf, based on phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate adf and cfl genes. During pouch formation, cfl1l was expressed sequentially in the developing pouches but not in the posterior cell mass in which future pouch-forming cells are present. However, pouches, as well as facial cartilages whose development is dependent upon pouch formation, were unaffected by loss-of-function mutations in cfl1l. Although it could not be completely ruled out a possibility of a genetic redundancy of Cfl1l with other Cfls, our results suggest that the cfl1l expression in the developing pouches might be dispensable for regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics in pouch-forming cells.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2017

Objective: This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the stability of mandibular arch orthodontic treatment outcomes between passive self-ligating and conventional systems during 6 months of retention. Methods: Forty-seven orthodontic patients with mild to moderate crowding malocclusions not requiring extraction were recruited based on inclusion criteria. Patients (mean age $21.58{\pm}2.94years$) were randomized into two groups to receive either passive self-ligating ($Damon^{(R)}$ 3MX, n = 23) or conventional system (Gemini MBT, n = 24) orthodontic treatment. Direct measurements of the final sample comprising 20 study models per group were performed using a digital caliper at the debonding stage, and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after debonding. Paired t-test, independent t-test, and non-parametric test were used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant increase (p < 0.01) in incisor irregularity was observed in both self-ligating and conventional system groups. A significant reduction (p < 0.01) in second interpremolar width was observed in both groups. Mandibular arch length decreased significantly (p = 0.001) in the conventional system group but not in the self-ligating system group. A similar pattern of stability was observed for intercanine width, first interpremolar width, intermolar width, and arch depth throughout the 6-month retention period after debonding. Comparison of incisor irregularity and arch dimension changes between self-ligating system and conventional system groups during the 6 months were non-significant. Conclusions: The stability of treatment outcomes for mild to moderate crowding malocclusions was similar between the self-ligating system and conventional system during the first 6 months of retention.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.306-312
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of commercially available fluoride-containing oral rinses on the corrosion behavior of titanium alloys, which are the main components of orthodontic miniscrews. Methods: Four commercially available oral rinses (solution A, pH 4.46/260 ppm fluoride; solution B, pH 4.41/178 ppm fluoride; solution C, pH 6.30/117 ppm fluoride; and solution D, pH 4.17/3.92 ppm fluoride) were tested on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) circular plates, and saline was used as the control. The open-circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization of these materials were measured. Thereafter, all samples were evaluated under a field-emission scanning electron microscope. Results: Among the tested oral rinses, except solution D, the more the fluoride content was, the greater was the corrosion potential downtrend; the corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy sample was also lowered significantly (p < 0.05). Field-emission scanning electron microscopic analysis of the surface morphology of the titanium alloy samples revealed that all samples had some defects, crevices, or pitting after exposure to the oral rinses than before treatment. In particular, the samples in solution A showed the most changes. Conclusions: Commercially available oral rinses having a high fluoride concentration and a low pH may reduce the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys used in dental appliances such as orthodontic titanium miniscrews and brackets.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2012

Under some pathological conditions as bile flow obstruction or liver diseases with the enterohepatic circulation being disrupted, regurgitation of bile acids into the systemic circulation occurs and the plasma level of bile acids increases. Bile acids in circulation may affect the nervous system. We examined this possibility by studying the effects of bile acids on gating of neuronal (N)-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel that is essential for neurotransmitter release at synapses of the peripheral and central nervous system. N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel currents were recorded from bullfrog sympathetic neuron under a cell-attached mode using 100 mM $Ba^{2+}$ as a charge carrier. Cholic acid (CA, $10^{-6}M$) that is relatively hydrophilic thus less cytotoxic was included in the pipette solution. CA suppressed the open probability of N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel, which appeared to be due to an increase in (no activity) sweeps. For example, the proportion of sweep in the presence of CA was ~40% at +40 mV as compared with ~8% in the control recorded without CA. Other single channel properties including slope conductance, single channel current amplitude, open and shut times were not significantly affected by CA being present. The results suggest that CA could modulate N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel gating at a concentration as low as $10^{-6}M$. Bile acids have been shown to activate nonselective cation conductance and depolarize the cell membrane. Under pathological conditions with increased circulating bile acids, CA suppression of N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel function may be beneficial against overexcitation of the synapses.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2018

본 연구는 치근 및 치주조직의 형성과정동안 Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling의 역할에 대해 알아보고자 치성간엽에서 조직특이적으로 Smoothened (Smo)가 활성화 또는 차단되는 mouse를 제작하여 분석하였다. 생후 28일경 Smo 활성화모델에서는 H-E 염색 시 얇은 두께의 치근상아질, 넓어진 치수강, 치주인대공간에 느슨하게 배열되어있는 섬유들이 관찰되었다. 면역조직화학염색 시 Smo 활성화모델은 wild type mouse와 비교하여 백악질, 치주인대 그리고/또는 백악모세포의 표식자인 Bsp, Dmp1, Periostin, Ank 같은 기질 단백질들의 발현이 현저히 감소하였다. 그러나 Smo 차단모델은 wild type mouse와 비교하여 이러한 기질 단백질들의 발현에 차이가 보이지 않았다. 본 연구를 통하여 치근 및 치주조직의 정상적인 형성과정에 낮은 수준으로 조절되는 SHH signaling이 필요하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.20-34
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• 2018

Background: Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) influencing cellular growth and differentiation is recognized to promote wound healing by stimulating tissue repair. Although PDRN can be extracted from human placentas, PDRN medications have recently been extracted from the semen of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). The present study was designed to evaluate the wound healing effects of O. keta-derived PDRN for injection (Rejuvenex) and PDRN cream (Rejuvenex Cream) in comparison with those of O. mykiss-derived PDRN injection (Placentex). Methods: Full-thickness skin defects were made on the back of mice (n=60). The mice were divided into the following four groups according to the dressing used for the wounds: O. mykiss-derived PDRN injection group, O. keta-derived PDRN injection group, O. ketaderived PDRN cream group, and normal saline soaked dressing group (control group). We analyzed the gross findings, wound sizes, histological findings, immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the groups immediately after the treatment, and again after 4, 7, and 10 days of treatment. Results: The wound healing effects were the greatest in the O. keta-derived PDRN injection and O. mykiss-derived PDRN injection groups, which showed similar scores, followed by the O. keta-derived cream and normal saline soaked dressing groups. Conclusion: The injection of PDRN extracted from O. keta was found to be as effective at healing full-thickness skin defects as the O. mykiss-derived PDRN injection, which is currently used in the clinic. Moreover, the O. keta-derived PDRN injection was also found to reduce the time required for wound healing.