• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.22 no.2 s.37
• /
• pp.389-412
• /
• 1992

Along with form and function relationship of craniofacial growth comes a concern for the masticatory muscles with postnormal occlusion. It is the aim of this study to grope the certain differences upon the electromyographic activities of the masticatory muscles between normal occlusion and class II malocclusion during the varieties of oral functions. 26 persons of normal occlusion whose mean age were 18.9-25.6 years and another 26 persons of class II malocclusion whose mean age were 19.0-28.9 years served for this study. The electromyographic recordings processed by $Medelec^{\circledR}$ MS 25 EMG apparatus were taken from the anterior and posterior temporal, and anterior and posterior masseter muscles of both sides, and suprahyoid muscles as well. Analyses of the data toward such specific activities as mandibular rest, maximal biting, chewing gums and swallowing peanuts turned out the following summary and conclusions. 1. The maximal mean amplitude of the posterior temporalis showed significant augmentation in class II malocclusion, however the anterior temporalis, posterior masseter, and suprahyoid muscles manifested meaningful diminutions. 2. Stronger posterior temporalis and weaker anterior masseter and suprahyoid muscles were arranged in maximal biting with parameters of maximal mean amplitude. 3. The anterior temporalis of working side expressed smaller maximal mean amplitude in class II malocclusion. Significant swelling in duration were shown at anterior and posterior temporalis of working side, and posterior temporalis of balancing side in class II malocclusion, and marked reduction at anterior masseter of balancing side and posterior masseter of working side as well. The lessened latency were expressed at anterior masseter of working side, and anterior and posterior masseter of balancing side. Class II malocclusion group had significant prolongation of silent period duration. Mean silent period duration of 10.75 msec in normal occlusion and 24.37 msec in class II malocclusion were calculated. 4. Significant augmentations of maximal mean amplitude while swallowing peanuts were yielded at right anterior temporalis and posterior temporalis of both sides, however left anterior masseter and right posterior masseter showed diminution. No significant differences in duration showed at every muscle examined in class II malocclusion group.5. Weaker masseter and stronger temporalis were suggested as characteristics of class II malocclusion.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.25 no.1 s.48
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to predict the respose to the chincap therapy from the initial cephalometric measurements and to obtain the indication of chincap therapy. 40 patients selected for this study were classified into two groups by the occlusal stability after completion of permanent dentition and the improvement of facial profile, after chincap therapy. One was good response group which consisted of 25 children and the other was poor response group with 15 patients. Various measurements of the craniofacial structure in the initial lateral cephalogram were calculated and analyzed by t-test and discriminant analysis. The results were as follows: 1. Good response group had more horizontal growth pattern in initial stage of treatment, and the contributing measurements were $Bj\ddot{o}rk$ sum anterior-posterior facial height ratio, genial angle, lower genial angle and occlusal plane to AB plane angle. 2. The critical points and predictive values of the influential skeletal measurements were calculated. 3. The discriminant function was obtained from three major influential measurements; $Bj\ddot{o}rk$ sum, genial angle and occlusal plane to hn plane angle, and this function could discreminate correctly in $85\%$ of this samples.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.25 no.1 s.48
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 1995

Craniofacial asymmetry was analyzed in 39 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate(UCLP). The samples are devided into three groups nine below 9 years, twenty three from 9 years 1 month to 14 years and seven over 14 years group. Seventeen measurements were obtained from the tracing of PA X-ray cephalometric headfilms to evaluate the asymmetric characteristics and changes accdording to aging in UCLP. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Facial asymmetry in UCLP is variable(1.22-3.47 $mm/^{\circ}$) and the length from midsagitta1 reference line to maxillary 1st molar, to upper central incisor and the length of mandibular ramus showed significant asymmetry 2. Nasal septum and anterior nasal spine were deviated In the cleft side and the lower border of nasal cavity was 1ower in cleft side. 3. The deviation of nasal septum was continued significantly till after 14 years old.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.307-313
• /
• 2018

The respiratory function is relevant to the craniofacial growth and orthodontic diagnosis. The size of the pharyngeal airway was measured in lateral cephalometric view in children visited Kyung Hee University Hospital from January 2015 to August 2017. A total of 74 healthy children (36 boys and 38 girls) aged 7 - 11 years (mean, 8.5 years) with a normodivergent facial pattern were divided into three groups according to anteroposterior jaw relation measuring A point-Nasion-B point (ANB) angle. Lateral cephalometric data were used to measure the airway dimensions. The dimensions of the middle airway were significantly lower, reducing the upper airway space, in large ANB angle group than in other children, suggesting that children with large ANB angle have narrower airway space than others.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.28 no.5 s.70
• /
• pp.751-761
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to find the characteristics of lateral crphalogram of skeletal class III malocclusion patients to whom orthognathic surgery was essential. For this study 37 patients with skeletal class III and going to treat or be treated orthognathic surgery(age 7-17) were selected to experimental group and 56 people with normal occlusion (age 8-13) were selected to normal group and the two groups were evaluated and statistically analyzed and the results were as follows 1. In comparison of experimental group and normal group in prepubertal group, there were significant differences in ANS-U1/Me-L1, Mx. Length/Mn. Length, S-N/Go-Me, Wits, ANB, SN-Pog, IMPA, Facial Convexity, APDI (p<0.05) 2. In comparison of experimental group and normal group in pubertal group, there were significant differences in ANS-U1/Me-L1, S-Go/N-Me, Mx.Length/Mn.Length, S-N/Go-Me, Wits, Saddle Angle, SNB, ANB, SN-Pog, IMPA, Interincisal Angle, Facial Convexity, APDI (p<0.05) 3. Among items showing characteristics of skeletal class III malocclusion, there were no significant differences between prepubertal group and pubertal group in other items except Mx. Length/Mn. Length,APDI (p<0.05) 4. The significant correlationship was the highest between Saddle Angle and SNB, SN-Pog and SNB, ANB and Facial Convexity in experimental group

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.34 no.4 s.105
• /
• pp.279-287
• /
• 2004

In growing patients with Class III malocclusion, the various patterns of maxillofacial growth are a key element that affects the success or failure of treatment. Therefore it is important to correctly predict maxillofacial growth before initiating treatment. The purpose of this study was to find out the correlation between the maxillofacial morphology of parents and their Class III children by analyzing lateral cephalograms and hereditary factors. Among Class III preadolescent children, 50 families were obtained. To find out the specific hereditary factors involved, fingerprints were obtained and genetic correlation with the maxillofacial morphology was analyzed. The following conclusions were made. 1. A significant correlation (P<0.05-0.00l) was found in many of the cephalometric measurements between the offspring and their parents. The correlation in the skeleton measurements was higher than in the denture measurements. The father-offspring correlation was higher than the mother-offspring correlation 2. A significant correlation (P<0.05-0.00l) was found in fingerprint units between the offspring and their parents. The mother-offspring correlation was higher than the father-offspring correlation. 3. Between the maxillofacial morphology and fingerprint units, there was significant genetic correlation (P<0.05-0.01). Based on the analysis of genetic correlation, higher correlation was found in the parent-son pairing than the parent-daughter pairing.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.241-249
• /
• 2006

Purpose For the reconstruction of craniofacial deformities, the distraction osteogenesis is an useful method which can make new soft tissues as well as new bone. Although the distraction osteogenesis is an effective procedure in quantitative aspects, the new bone formed by this procedure can be coarse in qualitive aspects sometimes. Materials and methods Twelve rabbits, weighing about 2 kg, were included and the prefabricated distraction device were used. After a latency period of 5 days, in the experimental group (n=6), the mandible was distracted at the rate of 1.0 mm/day for 2 days and then compressed with 1.0 mm for the next 3rd day, therefore distracted totally to a length of 1.0 mm for 3 days. This procedure was repeated 5 times and, as a result, the experimental group was distracted to a length of 5.0 mm for 15 days finally. In the control group (n=6), the mandible was distracted totally to a length of 5.0 mm at the rate of 1 mm/day. At 2 weeks and 8 weeks of consolidation in the control group, 3 rabbits in each group were sacrificed and their biopsy specimens from the distracted mandible were taken. Results All animals showed the mandibular elongation clinically and radiographically. Histologically, many blood vessels, osteoblasts and immature bones formed by osteoid deposition were observed in the experimental group at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, the bony trabeculae were thicker than the ones in the control group and were composed of lamella bones and woven bones in the experimental group. On histomorphometric analysis, the bone deposition area of the distracted site was broader in the experimental group $(273.8{\pm}115.7\;cm^2)$ than the one in the control group $(199.4{\pm}101.4\;cm^2)$. Futhermore, the modified rate of bone deposition area was higher in the experimental group (48${\pm}$20%) than the one in the control group (35${\pm}$18%). However, these data showed no significant differences statistically. Conclusion These results suggest that the distraction osteogenesis by using an alternating distraction/compression protocols is an effective method for increasing new bone formation in distracted areas.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.8
• /
• pp.745-748
• /
• 1999

Background: A definitive cure for an essential hyperhidrosis can be obtained by an upper thoracic sympathectomy. However, this is offset by the occurrence of a compensatory hyper hidrosis as a side effect and it is irreversible. We performed a thoracoscopic sympathetic chain block using an endoscopic clip in order to avoid the compensatory hyperhidrosis. Material and Method: From Aug. 1998 to Nov. 1998, 42 cases of thoracoscopic clipping of the T2 sympathetic chain were performed. The sympathetic chain was clipped using an endoscopic clip instead of cutting. Result: Bilateral procedure took less than 40 minutes and occasionally necessitated one night in the hospital. There were no mortality nor life- threatening complications. Horners syndrome occurred in two cases. At the end of postoperative follow-up(median 3 months), 95.0% of the patients were satisfied with the results. Compensatory sweating occurred in 31 cases(77.5%) where nine of those cases were classified as either embarrassing(6 cases-15.0%) or disabling(3 cases-7.5%). Conclusion: Endoscopic thoracic T2 sympathetic chain block using endoscopic clipping is an efficient, safe and minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of palmar and craniofacial hyperhidrosis and the results were similar to those underwent T2 sympathicotomy. We recommend that patients receive endoscopic sympathetic chain block in summer.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 2009

p63 has been demonstrated to localize in stem cells and precursor cells of various epithelial tissues previously, but the localization of p63 throughout tooth formation, particularly during the enamel and root formation stages, remains to be adequately characterized. Therefore, in this study, we have demonstrated, via immunohistochemical methods, that p63 is ubiquitously expressed in the dental epithelium during tooth development. p63 was detected in the basal and suprabasal layers of the epithelia, including the skin, hair follicles, oral mucosa, and submandibular ducts. However, in the tooth region, all cells of the dental lamina, enamel organ, Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS), and epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) evidenced immunoreactivity for p63. These results indicate that p63 may perform different roles, other than stem cell maintenance, in tooth development.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.234-236
• /
• 2016

A 14 kg, 9-year-old, spayed female, Cocker Spaniel was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University with a history of head tilt and circling. Otitis externa and media were diagnosed by computerized tomography, and total ear canal ablation was performed. In preanesthetic evaluation, systemic hypertension and second-degree atrioventricular block were observed, but there was no regurgitation through the heart valves. Systemic hypertension was managed with amlodipine (0.1 mg/kg, PO, BID) for the anesthesia. The dog was premedicated with cefazolin (22 mg/kg, IV) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced with alfaxalone (2 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with isoflurane and 100% oxygen following intubation. During surgery, vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure and body temperature) were maintained within normal ranges, but bradycardia was observed and corrected with glycopyrrolate (5 ug/kg IV, twice). During subcuticular suture, electrohemostasis was applied at the incision line, which was close to the trigeminal nerve. In no time at all, heart rate dramatically decreased from 110 to 60 beats per minute. No additional treatment was done because mean blood pressure was maintained above 70 mmHg. The heart rate recovered according to the decrease of end tidal isoflurane concentration and there were no complications associated with the anesthesia and surgery. Sudden bradycardia after electrical stimulation around the trigeminal nerve was considered as trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR). It is recommended to be careful of bradycardia from TCR when electrocautery is used in the craniofacial area during surgery.