• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2002

The facial patterns were expressed by the interrelation of variable factors such as heredity, function and environment. Such variable factors have an effect on the growth and development of maxillofacial bones. The malocclusions with skeletal discrepancies are caused by abnormal forms, sizes and positions of cranial base, maxilla and mandible. For the proper diagnosis and treatment planning, the analysis of such structures is necessary. Lateral cephalograms of 54 adults with class III malocclusion patients (test group) and 61 adults with normal occlusion (control group) were analyzed. Anteroposterior relations and sizes of cranial base, maxilla, mandible were estimated to compare with those of normal ones. In test group, the anterior cranial base length was within normal range, but posterior cranial base, maxilla and mandibular body were longer than those in control group, significantly. Based on the cranial base, the location of maxilla in test group was normal, but the location of mandible was more anterior than that in control. Based on the maxilla, the location of mandible was more anterior in test group than that in control. Both mandibular body and ramus anteroposterior lengths in test group were larger than those in control. Both mandibular plane angle and upper gonial angle were within normal range, but lower gonial angle was significantly high in test group.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.345-351
• /
• 2012

Background Cranial base defects are challenging to reconstruct without serious complications. Although free tissue transfer has been used widely and efficiently, it still has the limitation of requiring a long operation time along with the burden of microanastomosis and donor site morbidity. We propose using a reverse temporalis muscle flap and calvarial bone graft as an alternative option to a free flap for anterior cranial base reconstruction. Methods Between April 2009 and February 2012, cranial base reconstructions using an autologous calvarial split bone graft combined with a reverse temporalis muscle flap were performed in five patients. Medical records were retrospectively analyzed and postoperative computed tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography findings were examined to evaluate graft survival and flap viability. Results The mean follow-up period was 11.8 months and the mean operation time for reconstruction was $8.4{\pm}3.36$ hours. The defects involved the anterior cranial base, including the orbital roof and the frontal and ethmoidal sinus. All reconstructions were successful. Viable flap vascularity and bone survival were observed. There were no serious complications except for acceptable donor site depressions, which were easily corrected with minor procedures. Conclusions The reverse temporalis muscle flap could provide sufficient bulkiness to fill dead space and sufficient vascularity to endure infection. The calvarial bone graft provides a rigid framework, which is critical for maintaining the cranial base structure. Combined anterior cranial base reconstruction with a reverse temporalis muscle flap and calvarial bone graft could be a viable alternative to free tissue transfer.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.250-260
• /
• 2022

Background: Cranial nerve ganglia, which are prone to viral infections and tumors, are located deep in the head, so their detailed anatomy is difficult to understand using conventional cadaver dissection. For locating the small ganglia in medical images, their sectional anatomy should be learned by medical students and doctors. The purpose of this study is to elucidate cranial ganglia anatomy using sectioned images and three-dimensional (3D) models of a cadaver. Methods: One thousand two hundred and forty-six sectioned images of a male cadaver were examined to identify the cranial nerve ganglia. Using the real color sectioned images, real color volume model having a voxel size of 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm was produced. Results: The sectioned images and 3D models can be downloaded for free from a webpage, anatomy.dongguk.ac.kr/ganglia. On the images and model, all the cranial nerve ganglia and their whole course were identified. In case of the facial nerve, the geniculate, pterygopalatine, and submandibular ganglia were clearly identified. In case of the glossopharyngeal nerve, the superior, inferior, and otic ganglia were found. Thanks to the high resolution and real color of the sectioned images and volume models, detailed observation of the ganglia was possible. Since the volume models can be cut both in orthogonal planes and oblique planes, advanced sectional anatomy of the ganglia can be explained concretely. Conclusions: The sectioned images and 3D models will be helpful resources for understanding cranial nerve ganglia anatomy, for performing related surgical procedures.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.23-35
• /
• 1999

한국인 7세-17세 아동의 두개저, 상악, 하악의 사춘기 성장 양상을 파악해 보고자 남자 251개, 여자 286개의 측모두부계측방사선 사진을 이용, 10개의 계측점과 16개의 계측항목을 설정하고 계측항목에 대한 계측치와 각 연령별 년간 누년차를 산출한 다음 이들간의 통계적 유의성을 검증하였으며 각 계측항목을 두개저, 상악, 하악의 세군으로 분류하고 또 남녀별로 분류하여 비교함으로써 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 한국인 성장기 아동에 있어서의 성장은 남자 아동에 비해 여자 아동이 빠른 시기에 일어났다. 2. 두개저, 상악골, 하악골 모두 사춘기 성장을 나타내었으나 두개저의 성장은 안면골 성장에 비해 상대적으로 작았다. 3. 두개저 성장에 있어서 전두개저 길이의 증가에 비해 중두개저 및 후두개저의 길이 증가가 현저했으며 사춘기 성장증가(circumpuberal growth spurt) 양상도 보다 명확했다.4. 상악골의 전하방 이동은 상악골 자체의 길이 성장과 상악골 주위 봉합부의 성장에 따른 변위가 종합된 결과로 두개저에 대한 상악골의 상대적 위치를 나타내는 Ar-ANS와 Ar-Pr이 상악골 자체의 길이 성장을 나타내는 ANS-PNS보다 많은 성장량을 보였다. 5. 하악골은 수평 성장량에 비해 수직 성장이 약간 크게 나타났으나 유의할 수준은 아니다. 6. 상악 치조골과 하악 치조골은 유치 탈락후 영구치 맹출시기에 최대 성장률을 보인후 감소하는 경향을 보이지만 하악 치조골의 수직성장에서는 사춘기 성장증가가 관찰되었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed to find out the physiological mechanism of craniosacral therapy, especially in CV4 technique and cranial rhythmic impulses. Methods : Recent studies were reviewed for cranial rhythmic impulses, and the ancient and present text were reviewed for the therapy of sub-occiput and cranial-suture part. Results and Conclusions : 1. Suboccipital muscles releasing may have made CV4 technique to effect. 2. The mechanism of the meridians of acupuncture and craniosacral system can be cooperative together in many parts of the clinical treatments. 3. Arterial vasomotor waves have a frequency similar to reports of cranial rhythmic impulses. The methods which have relation to heart rate variability, will be useful for the study of craniosacral therapy.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2012

Objective: This case report is to report the effect of Korean traditional treatment for idiopathic ninth, tenth, and twelfth cranial nerve palsy with ipsilateral headache. Methods: The medical history and imaging and laboratory test of a 39-year-old man with cranial palsy were tested to identify the cause of disease. A 0.2-mL dosage of Hwangyeonhaedoktang pharmacopuncture was administered at CV23 and CV17, respectively. Acupuncture was applied at P06, Li05, TE05, and G37 on the right side of the body. Zhuapiandutongbang (左偏頭痛方) was administered at 30 minutes to 1 hour after mealtime three times a day. The symptoms were investigated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: The results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and laboratory tests were normal. The medical history showed no trauma, other illnesses, family history of diseases, medications, smoking, drinking and so on. All symptoms disappeared at the 10th day of treatment. Conclusion: Korean traditional treatment such as acupuncture, pharmcopuncture, and herbal medicine for the treatment of ninth, tenth, and twelfth cranial nerve palsy of unknown origin is suggested to be effective even though this conclusion is based on a single.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제59권3호
• /
• pp.233-241
• /
• 2016

In this review, we discuss in detail our current procedure for treating craniosynostosis using multidirectional cranial distraction osteogenesis (MCDO). The MCDO method allows all phenotypes of skull deformity to be reshaped by distraction osteogenesis, except in patients who are 5 months of age or younger and patients with posterior cranial vault problems. We report the results of clinical data of 36 children with craniosynostosis who underwent MCDO between 2005 and 2014 in our institute. This method has the following benefits, such as a high flexibility of reshaping, shorter treatment period and less invasive secondary intervention. We also discuss the other distraction osteogenesis techniques that are used to treat craniosynostosis and compare them with MCDO. The preferred procedure for correction of craniosynostosis may depend on the patient's age, the extent of deformity, and the extent of correction achievable by surgery. We can arrange the combinations of various methods according to the advantage and disadvantage of each technique.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.222-227
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Autogenous particulate bone grafting is a type of autogenous bone graft that consists of small particles of cortical and cancellous bone. Autogenous particulate bone grafting has been used for calvarial bone defect after calvarial defect of craniosynostosis and prevention of temporal depression after fronto-orbital advancement. The results were followed up and studied for effectiveness of autogenous calvarial particulate bone grafting. Methods: Cranial vault remodeling and fronto-orbital advancement was performed for six craniosynostosis patient from August 2005 to October 2007. Autogenous particulate bone grafting was harvested from endocortex of separated cranial vault and if insufficient, from extocortex of occipital region using Hudson brace & D'Errico craniotomy bit and was grafted on the calvarial bone defect of cranial vault and temporal hollow. Fibrin glues were added to the harvested particulated bone for adherence and shaping of paticles. Results: Autogenous particulate bone grafting was followed-up at least longer than I year. The calvarial bony defects following primary cranial remodeling were successfully covered and postoperative temporal depressions after fronto-orbital advancement were also well prevented by grafted particulated bone. Conclusion: Autogenous calvarial particulate bone graft can be harvested in infants and young children with minimal donor site morbidity. It effectively heals cranial defects in children and during fronto-orbital advancement reduces the prevalence of osseous defects independent of patient age. It's easy and effective method of reconstruction of calvarial defect.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.281-283
• /
• 2005

A 3-month-old male, Cocker Spaniel with persistent regurgitation immediately after weaning and stunted growth was referred. Radiographic findings on the lateral view include ventral deviation of the thoracic trachea caused by draping of the dilated esophagus and a distinct interface of the dorsal wall of the esophagus silhouetting with the cranial thoracic hypaxial muscles. On the ventrodorsal view, the cranial mediastinum was widened with soft tissue opacity. The trachea was deviated to the right. In an esophagogram, the segmental dilation of the esophagus with constriction of the lumen just cranial to the heart base was identified. In a fluoroscopic examination, the contrast medium was massively accumulated in the cranial portion of the constricted esophagus. At surgery, it was confirmed that the esophageal tract was constricted at the cranial to the base of the heart by aberrant right subclavian artery. It was ligated and divided surgically. Current state of the referred is maintained normal condition from the surgical repair.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.141-154
• /
• 1988

This study was designed to investigate the difference between craniofacial characteristics of the normal occlusion and those of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion. The sample was divided into 2 groups, the 50 subjects of Normal occlusion, the 50 subjects of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion in both sexes. Both groups aged from 11 to 14 years. The results of this study were as follows; 1. No significant difference was observed in cranial base shape between both groups, but anterior cranial base size of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion group was larger than that of normal group. 2. No significant difference in antero-posterior position of Maxilla to cranial base was founded between both groups. 3. No difference in Mandibular shapes and Mandibular plane angles to the cranial base was observed between Class II Div. 1 malocclusion and normal occlusion, but Mandibular position in Class II Div. 1 malocclusion was posterior to that of normal group. 4. Antero-posterior relationship of Maxilla and Mandible was significant difference between both groups, but vertical relationship of those was no difference. 5. Maxillary incisor position to cranial base of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion was anteior to normal occlusion, and Maxillary posterior teeth was posterior. Mandibular incisor and mandibular posterior teeth position was no difference. 6. Upper and lower lip position to esthetic line of Class II Div. 1 malocclusion was anterior to normal occlusion.