• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2021

High-entropy TiAlCrSiN nano-composite coating was designed to improve mold life for high temperature liquid molding. Alloy design, powder fabrication and single alloying target fabrication for the high-entropy nano-composite coating were carried out. Using the single alloying target, an arc ion plating method was applied to prepare a TiAlCrSiN nano-composite coating had a 30 nm TiAlCrSiN layers are deposited layer by layer, and form about 4 ㎛-thickness of multi-layered coating. TiAlCrSiN nano-composite coating had a high hardness of about 39.9 GPa and a low coefficient of friction of less than about 0.47 in a dry environment. In addition, there was no change in the structure of the coating after the dissolution loss test in the molten metal at a temperature of about 1100 degrees.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2010

Ferritic stainless steel is currently increasingly used for automotive exhaust material. The material for exhaust manifold is used in the temperature range of 500∼$850^{\circ}C$. Therefore, high temperature characteristic is an important one that affects it's life span. It has been investigated the effect of alloying elements of Cr, Mo, Nb, Ti in the ferritic stainless steel for exhaust manifold on the high temperature tensile strength. There was a few difference in the tensile strength at $600^{\circ}C$ with the exception of low Cr steel, but the steels containing higher Cr, Mo or Nb elements showed significantly higher tensile strength at the temperature of $800^{\circ}C$. The precipitates of the specimens after heat treating at the test temperature were electrolytic extracted, and quantitatively analysed using by SEM-EDS and TEM. The alloying elements of Cr and Mo increased the tensile strength as a solid solution strengthener, and on the other hand Nb element enhanced the strength by forming the fine intermetallic compounds such as NbC or $Fe_2Nb$.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.196-205
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to enhance the hardenability and the mechanical properties by the addition of alloying elements such as Ni, Cr, Mo and B for the development of Cr-Mo plastic mold steel with uniform hardness and microstructure. The ingots were prepared by vacuum induction melting and forged to ${\Phi}35mm$ round bar. Forged bars were quenched and tempered at $200{\sim}600^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 hour. Jominy test, boron distribution observation, microstructual observation, tensile test and charpy impact test were conducted. It was confirmed that the hardenablity of these steels was improved by increasing of alloying elements and further promoted by the addition of boron. The critical rate of cooling required to obtain the bainitic structure for 0.27C-1.23Cr-0.28Mo-B steel was $0.5^{\circ}C/sec$. Hardness and strength of Cr-Mo steels decreased with increasing tempering temperature, but elongation and reduction of area increased with increasing tempering temperature. However, impact energy tempered at $400^{\circ}C$ showed the lowest value in the range $200{\sim}600^{\circ}C$ due to the temper embrittlement.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2005

Mechanical alloying using high-energy ball mill and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) process was applied to Al-Fe-Cr and Al-Fe-Mo powder mixture to investigate effects of Cr and Mo addition on thermal stability of Al-Fe, and thereby to enhance its thermal stability up to $500^{\circC}$. Various analytical techniques including micro-Vickers hardness test, SEM, TEM, X-ray diffractometry and corrosion test were carried out. It was found that addition of Cr and Mo to Al-Fe system played a role of grain growth inhibitor of matrix Al and some precipitates such as $Al_3Fe$ during SPS and subsequent heat treatment. The inhibition of grain growth resulted in increased Vickers hardness and thermal stability up to $500^{\circC}$ comparing to those of Al-Fe alloy system.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 1999

The surface of Alloy 600 was alloyed using a continuous wave $CO_2$ laser beam in order to improve its corrosion resistance. Laser surface alloying (LSA) was done by melting the surface electroplated with Cr of the alloy. The Cr concentration of the alloyed surface was 28-30 at.%, which is similar to that of Alloy 690. Alloying elements in the alloyed layer was observed to be distributed very homogeneously all over the alloyed region. According to the electrochemical and modified Huey tests, the corrosion resistance, in particular the grain boundary corrosion resistance, of the LSA specimens was significantly improved, compared with that of the as-received(AR) specimen. This improved corrosion resistance of the alloyed specimen might be attributed to the high Cr content which could make possible formation of more stable and dense passive film onto its surface.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.120-124
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• 2000

Ni-13%Cr and Ni-70%Cu alloy tapes were prepared by using high purity metal powders as starting materials. The Ni-13%Cr and the Ni-70%Cu mixtures were isostatically pressed, sintered, rolled and texture-annealed. SEM EDS analysis showed that copper and nickel atoms were completely mixed, while the alloying between the chromium powders and the nickel powders was incomplete. In spite of incomplete alloying between nickel and chromium powders, sharp cube-texture was developed for the Ni-13%Cr tape as well as the Ni-70%Cu tape.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.422-429
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• 2023

High-strength low-alloy steel is one of the widely used materials in onshore and offshore plant engineering. We investigated the alloying effect of solute atoms in α-Fe based alloy using ab initio calculations. Empirical equations were used to establish the effect of alloying on the Vicker's hardness, screw energy coefficient, and edge dislocation energy coefficient of the steel. Screw and edge energy coefficients were improved by the addition of V and Cr solute atoms. In addition, the addition of trace quantities of V, Cr, and Mn enhanced abrasion resistance. Solute atoms and contents with excellent mechanical properties were selected and their thermal conductivity and thermal expansion behavior were investigated. The addition of Cr atom is expected to form alloys with low thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient. This study provides a better understanding of the state-of-the-art research in low-alloy steel and can be used to guide researchers to explore and develop α-Fe based alloys with improved properties, that can be fabricated in smart and cost-effective manners.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2005

Effects of Al and Cr alloying elements on the corrosion behavior of Fe-Al-Cr alloy system was investigated using potentiodynamic and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests(CPPT) in the $H_2SO_4$ and HCI solutions. The corrosion morphologies in Fe-Al-Cr alloy were analysed by utilizing scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and EDX. It was found that the corrosion potential of Fe-20Cr-20Al was highest whereas the critical anodic current density and passive current density were lower than that of the other alloys in 0.1 M $H_2SO_4$ solution. The second anodic peak at 1000 mV disappeared in the case of alloys containing high Al and low Cr contents. Pitting potential increased with increasing Cr content and repassivation potential decreased with decreasing Al content in 0.1 M HCI solution. Fe-Al-Cr alloy containing high Al and Cr contents showed remarkably improved pitting resistance against $Cl^-$ attack from pit morphologies.

• 분석과학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 1993

닉켈과 크롬 20% 혼합분말을 실험실용 아트리터에서 시간을 달리하여 밀링하였고 입도분포, 미세조직 및 X-레이 회절 특성을 조사하였다. 합금화 상태를 확인하고자 포화자화값과 보자력값을 측정하였고 플라즈마 용해 잉곳 경우와 비교하였다. 기계적 합금화는 분말의 미세화 단계 후 크롬이 닉켈 속으로 확산이 일어나는 계면적의 증가에 의해서 진행하였다. 그러나 15시간 이상 밀링 후 서브 미크론 크기의 결정립으로 정상상태가 이루어졌음에도 불구하고 용해 잉곳과 같이 조성적으로 균일한 고용합금의 자성특성이 관찰되지 않았다. 밀링 시간이 길어질수록 결정립의 크기는 미세화되었으며 합금층이 증가하였다. 따라서 조성의 균질화는 분말의 소성변형에 의해서 일어나는 성분분말 사이의 계면적 증가와 계면내에서 입계 또는 전위와 같은 격자결함을 통해 크롬의 닉켈 속으로 확산에 의해서 율속되는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.108-111
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• 2010

Fe50Cr50 metastable alloys were prepared by the mechanical alloying method with milling periods of 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours, respectively. The structural evolution was analyzed by the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). In this work, the EXAFS analysis provided the local structural information around Fe central atom. The saturation magnetization was also measured by VSM. The magnetization decreased as the process mechanical alloying progressed. The magnetic property was related to the local structural variation as a function of processing time. The analysis showed that the diffusion Cr atoms into Fe clusters caused the reduction of magnetization. EXAFS analysis exhibited that the local ordering of magnetic atoms caused the magnetic ordering. Also, EXAFS analysis showed that the long range order of Fe atoms was destroyed completely in 24 hour milling.