• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2015

Gastric lymphoma comprises 1-6% of all gastric malignant neoplasms and among them 50% is gastric MALT lymphoma. The 60-70% of MALT lymphomas is diagnosed at early, localized diseased state. Gastric MALT lymphoma is assumed that it progress slowly with indolent course. It presents nonspecific symptoms such as epigastric pain, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting. It is rarely associated with serious complication such as gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation. The definite diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma should be made with histopathologically. Wotherspoon score is used to differential diagnosis with Helicobacter pylori associated gastric inflammatory change. Gastric MALT lymphoma is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection with supported by epidemiologic and histopathologic studies. Gastric MALT lymphoma is characterized with genetic aberrations such as trisomy 3, trisomy 18, chromosomal translocations t(11;18), t(1;14), t(14;18), t(3;14). Appropriate clinical staging is essential to determine the optimal treatment strategy for gastric MALT lymphoma. Lugano International Conference classification has been applied widely. Helicobacter pylori eradication is used as the first line treatment for gastric MALT lymphoma independent of the stage. The complete remission has been achieved in 60-90% of the stage I/II1 patients with Helicobacter pylori eradication only. The treatment options for the patients with refractory to eradication are radiotherapy, chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy with the complete remission rate of 75% to 100%. The incidence of gastric MALT lymphoma can be expected to down by virtue of the decrease of Helicobacter pylori infection rate. Further basic and clinical research is necessary to advance in determine the pathogenesis and management.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.89-99
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• 2012

Urban regeneration projects tingeing the shape of mixed-use development, due to the nature of the business, involve risk factors such as protracted business conflict among participations, subjects, complex approval and permission procedure, frequent policy changes, etc. Therefore, systematic risk management is needed to effectively manage the numerous risk factors that may occur during the process course of project. However, risk management of large and complex development projects such as urban regeneration projects is in the introduction stage yet and somewhat one time risk management plan has been established. Therefore, in this study, in order to systematic risk management of urban regeneration projects inhered numerous risk factors, risk factors for urban regeneration projects through preceding studies and case studies were presented. Also risk factors are classified in accordance with business propulsion phase, by estimating the importance for these, step by step emphasis on managed subjects of risk management was proposed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic evidence to improve community health nursing practice education by analyzing the current status of actual operation, program outcomes and evaluation methods, and the level of achieving learning goals. Methods: Data were collected through an e-mail survey from 155 professors teaching community health nursing in April 2016. Out of 45 responses in total, 42 cases were used for analysis (response rate 29.0%). Results: Community health nursing practice was a 3-credit course in most of the schools (66.7%) and included a practice at public health centers without exception. The most common diagnosis classification system was OMAHA (81.0%). The core fundamental nursing skills evaluated during the practice were subcutaneous injection, vital signs, oral administration, and intradermal injection. Among the subjects of community health nursing practice, the area with the highest potential for achieving learning goals was primary health care provision (4.4/5) and the area with the lowest potential was disaster management (2.4/5). Conclusion: The results of this study show that there would be active efforts to complement and improve several problems of the community health nursing practice among the community health nursing practice instructors for more effective and qualitative community health nursing practice.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.506-511
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• 2016

Background The indications for surgical airway management in patients with Robin sequence (RS) and severe airway obstruction have not been well defined. While certain patients with RS clearly require surgical airway intervention and other patients just as clearly can be managed with conservative measures alone, a significant proportion of patients with RS present with a more confusing and ambiguous clinical course. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features and objective findings of patients with RS whose airways were successfully managed without surgical intervention. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of infants with RS evaluated for potential surgical airway management between 1994 and 2014. Patients who were successfully managed without surgical intervention were included. Patient demographics, nutritional and respiratory status, laboratory values, and polysomnography (PSG) findings were recorded. Results Thirty-two infants met the inclusion criteria. The average hospital stay was 16.8 days (range, 5-70 days). Oxygen desaturation (<70% by pulse oximetry) occurred in the majority of patients and was managed with temporary oxygen supplementation by nasal cannula (59%) or endotracheal intubation (31%). Seventy-five percent of patients required a temporary nasogastric tube for nutritional support, and a gastrostomy tube placed was placed in 9%. All patients continued to gain weight following the implementation of these conservative measures. PSG data (n=26) demonstrated mild to moderate obstruction, a mean apneahypopnea index (AHI) of $19.2{\pm}5.3events/hour$, and an oxygen saturation level <90% during only 4% of the total sleep time. Conclusions Nonsurgical airway management was successful in patients who demonstrated consistent weight gain and mild to moderate obstruction on PSG, with a mean AHI of <20 events/hour.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 1998

Mathematics education is very important in future because mathematics is the basis of every study, for example, natural and social science, etc. Our nation wide curriculum has been revised six times since 1948. In 1992, the sixth revision was enforced and we are using the revised textbook now. This study aims at helping of continuous investigation for educational curriculum and textbook, and aims at efficient teaching by preventing unnecessary repetition and excessive gap in real field by analyzing the articulation of Analytics part in school textbook from elementary to high school. This thesis consists of the followings. 1.Investigation of the principles and natures of articulation along with curriculum course and notice the articulation based on the analysing tools. 2.Importance of learning functions. 3.To get the propriety, formation of 8 judging group and classification of content materials in function chapters by the judges based on the analyzing tools. 4.Analysis of presentation method and terminologies in the first concepts, suggestion teaching method to reduce gap and help of understanding on first concepts in the study of function. As a result 'development' consists of 55.8% of the total and it is higher than 'duplication' and 'gap'. To be specific in periods, between elementary school and middle school 'development' takes 64.5% and this shows an acceptable articulation in the period. While 39.4% of 'gap' in articulation between middle school and high school looks high compared with 'gap' between the previous periods. The item suggested with the 'gap' is the 'definition of function', 'value of function', 'parallel translation', 'exponential and logarithmic function'. It is observed that these materials is suddenly appeared in high school.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1999

Over 60 cases were enlisted, but only 31 cases among 24 patients were eligible with a minimum follow-up of 1 year and complete medical documents with imaging data. There were 18 boys and 6 girls, and 7 patients had bilateral lesions. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 20 years(mean:10.5 years). At their first visit, most lesions had a highly characteristic location and radiographic appearance of radiolucent lesion(s) ranging from 1 to 3cm, except for one case of 5.5 cm in the posteromedial comer of distal femoral metaphysis. The margins were generally well-defined, although some were ill-defined. After reviewing our cases from the viewpoint of clinical course and radiographic patterns, we divided these lesions into two types. Type I is the osteolytic lesion excavated into the posteromedial aspect of the distal femur without cortical defect; and type II is the buldged out lesion of the femur with cortical irregularity into the surrounding soft tissues. Both types have distinctive clinical courses. Type I lesions were easy to make a definite diagnosis with plain radiographs alone, but in type II, it was sometimes very difficult to differentiate it from malignant tumors or chronic localized osteomyelitis. For this lesion, Gd-enhanced MRI was the most effective method for differential diagnosis. In this study, biopsy was not necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Clinical symptoms of type I were very minor or even absent. Many of them were accidentally found after minor trauma around the knee joint. Clinical symptoms disappeared far earlier than radiographical lesions. No treatment such as restriction of activity or drugs was necessary. For type II, the clinical symptoms were more accentuated and lasted longer, and it was necessary to restrict the activity for a certain period in many cases. However, all were self-limited.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.663-669
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate seafarers' attitude to casualty related safety onboard the ship. The subjects were 437 seafares' who took a safety education course in Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries Technology. This questionnaire was focused on finding the basic data for prevention of industrial accidents, and getting the public opinions and proposals of seafares'. The results obtained by this study are as follows : The average score of safety level for seafares' were 68.82. Current position, level of education, navigation area, classification of ships, ship size, ship age showed significant difference in statistics(p<0.01). Based on these results, this research pointed out the need to review the training manual, development of educational programs, improvement of facilities to improve safety education of ship, etc.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.236-242
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of Crohn disease (CD) in Korean pediatric patients. Methods: The medical records of 73 children diagnosed with CD were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, including CD phenotype at diagnosis based on the Montreal classification, and clinical features and course of EIMs were investigated. Results: Fifty-two (71.2%) of the patients were males. The mean age of the patients was 12.5 years. The mean follow-up period was 3.4 years. The disease location was ileal in 3 (4.1%) of the patients, colonic in 13 (17.8%), ileocolonic in 56 (76.7%). The clinical behavior was inflammatory in 62 (84.9%) of the patients, stricturing in 8 (11.0%), and penetrating in 3 (4.1%). Perianal abscesses or fistulas were found in 37 (50.7%) of the patients. EIMs observed during the study period were anal skin tag in 25 patients (34.2%), hypertransaminasemia in 20 (27.4%), peripheral arthritis in 2 (2.7%), erythema nodosum in 2 (2.7%), vulvitis in 1 (1.4%), uveitis in 1 (1.4%), and pulmonary thromboembolism in 1 (1.4%). Conclusion: Perianal diseases and manifestations were present in more than half of Korean pediatric CD patients at diagnosis. Inspection of the anus should be mandatory in Korean children with suspicious CD, as perianal fistulas, abscesses, and anal skin tags may be the first clue to the diagnosis of CD.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 2016

In adults, mallet finger is a traumatic zone I lesion of the extensor tendon with either tendon rupture or bony avulsion at the base of the distal phalanx. High-energy mechanisms of injury generally occur in young men, whereas lower energy mechanisms are observed in elderly women. The mechanism of injury is an axial load applied to a straight digit tip, which is then followed by passive extreme distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) hyperextension or hyperflexion. Mallet finger is diagnosed clinically, but an X-ray should always be performed. Tubiana's classification takes into account the size of the bony articular fragment and DIPJ subluxation. We propose to stage subluxated fractures as stage III if the subluxation is reducible with a splint and as stage IV if not. Left untreated, mallet finger becomes chronic and leads to a swan-neck deformity and DIPJ osteoarthritis. The goal of treatment is to restore active DIPJ extension. The results of a six- to eight-week conservative course of treatment with a DIPJ splint in slight hyperextension for tendon lesions or straight for bony avulsions depends on patient compliance. Surgical treatments vary in terms of the approach, the reduction technique, and the means of fixation. The risks involved are stiffness, septic arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Given the lack of consensus regarding indications for treatment, we propose to treat all cases of mallet finger with a dorsal glued splint except for stage IV mallet finger, which we treat with extra-articular pinning.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.690-699
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• 2011

Green Design is mostly discussed in the field of industry design on the concept basis, while less attention to environmental issues have been paid by neither designer nor manufacturer, which thereby adds to the necessity of the study on Green Design methods and process to a great extent. This article through the classification and analysis of DFX, researches on which kinds of designs in the Clock products market are invested with green design concept as piloted by the principle of DFMs, DFR, DFA and DFD. DFX means design for excellence, and also "design for X", where X is a variable with many values. Under the label Design for X, a wide collection of specific design guidelines are summarized. This article conducts DFX principle assessments on Clock by selecting 30 products of Clock market varieties as the samples, and conducts the field design practices centering on those materials of the least conformity with green design tenet amidst the Framework assessment results. In the course of field practices, DFMs principle is introduced, and embodies the significance of DFX method guidance by virtue of the ultimate results of conceptual designs conducted in the guidance of theoretical basis.