• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2010

In offline environment, unlike traditional advertising model through TV, newspaper, and radio, online advertising model draws instantaneous responses from potential consumers and it is convenient to assess. This kind of characteristics of Internet advertising model has driven the growth of advertising model among various Internet business models. There are, conventionally classified, CPM (Cost Per Mile), CPC (Cost Per Click), and CPS (Cost Per Sales) models as Internet advertising expenditure model. These can be examined in manners regarding risks that stakeholders should stand and degree of responsibility. CPM model that is based on number of advertisement exposure is mechanically exposed to users but not actually recognized by users resulting in risk of wasted expenditure by advertisers without any advertising effect. While on aspect of media, CPS model that is based on conversion action is the most risky model because of the conversion action such as product purchase is determined by capability of advertisers not that of media. In this regard, while there are issue of CPM and CPS models disadvantageously affecting only one side of Internet advertising business model value network, CPC model has been evaluated as reasonable both to advertisers and media, and occupied the largest segment of Internet advertising market. However, CPC model also can cause fraudulent behavior such as click fraud because of the competition or dishonest amount of advertising expenditure. On the user aspect, unintentionally accessed advertisements can lead to more inappropriate expenditure from advertisers. In this paper, we suggest "CPCD"(Cost Per Coupon Download) model. This goes beyond simple clicking of advertisements and advertising expenditure is exerted when users download a coupon from advertisers, which is a concept in between CPC and CPS models. To achieve the purpose, we describe the scenario of advertiser perspective, processes, participants and their benefits of CPCD model. Especially, we suggest the new value in online coupon; "possibility of storage" and "complement for delivery to the target group". We also analyze the working condition for advertiser by a comparison of CPC and CPCD models through advertising expenditure simulation. The result of simulation implies that the CPCD model suits more properly to advertisers with medium-low price products rather than that of high priced goods. This denotes that since most of advertisers in CPC model are dealing with medium-low priced products, the result is very interesting. At last, we contemplate applicability of CPCD model in ubiquitous environment.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.103-134
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• 2011

The recent economic recession and price rise reduces excessive consumption as a whole. So companies take more interest in and use discount coupons as a means of sales promotion to reinforce their competitiveness. The combination of Internet and mobile communication technology leads to an explosive increase in the use of mobile Internet service, which promotes commercialization of mobile coupons. Nevertheless, there are absolutely insufficient researches on mobile coupons than those on paper ones. In this context, this study tries to consider intention of accepting and using mobile coupons. The innovated Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used to see factors of using mobile coupons considered important by customers. Through the combination of characteristics of mobile coupon service and values obtained from mobile coupons, effects of variables to enhance intention of using mobile coupons were empirically analyzed. In particular, this study suggested importance of psychological as well as economic values of mobile coupons and emphasized good considerations of the psychological aspect, such as shame, stinginess, and reputation sensitivity, in using mobile coupons as an important factor for intention of using the coupons. Another empirical analysis was made of what moderating roles consumers' self-construalplayed in the effects of mobile coupon values perceived by consumers on intention of using coupons. As a result, immediate connectivity and situational provision among characteristics of mobile coupon service were found to affect ease and usability. It was also shown that perceived ease and usability had significant effects on both economic and psychological values, which then had significant effects on intention of using a mobile system. After testing moderating effects of self-construal, the degree of effects of perceived mobile coupon values on intention of using mobile coupons was greater among inter-dependent self-construal users than among independent ones. This study considered various schemes of improving intention to use mobile coupons and provided a foundation to help companies make a strategy for mobile coupons to be activated in the future.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.76-82
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• 2016

In this paper, we evaluated shielding effectiveness (SE) of carbon nanotube (CNT) film using near field scanning (NFS) in near field analysis. We adopted CNT film with deposit carbon density of 5% and thickness of 1mm for evaluation of shielding characteristic. Using a test coupon analogized to an actual IC package, we measured SE according to measuring position and SE according to distances between the CNT film and the test coupon. As a result, the measured SE in the near field varied with frequency. Especially, the measured electric field SE in the center of the test coupon is better than that of the measured edge point of the test coupon where it is affected by fringing effect. The results show that the measured SE in the near field is affected not only by frequency but also by measurement environment such as position and height of the probe and height of shielding film. In conclusion, we should choose proper methods for SE measurement considering interference distance in the electronic control system because there is little correlation between the proposed evaluation method in the near field and ASTM D 4935-10.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1265-1270
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• 2009

Pathogens contaminated on the surface of utensils could contribute to the occurrence of outbreaks due to cross-contamination to foods during the food preparation process. Therefore, the efficacy of chemical sanitizers (chlorine-based and alcohol-based commercial sanitizers) and dry-heat ($71^{\circ}C$) on inhibiting biofilms of five foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus) on the surface of stainless steel and polypropylene were investigated in this study. Initial populations of pathogens were 8.8$\sim$9.3 and 9.4$\sim$10.3 log CFU/coupon on the surface of stainless steel and polypropylene coupon, respectively, and these populations were not significantly reduced when they were treated with water for 5 min at room temperature. Treatments with chlorine sanitizer and dry-heat were not effective on inactivating pathogens on the surfaces of stainless steel and polypropylene. In contrast, treatments with alcohol sanitizer were very effective on inactivating pathogens on the surfaced of stainless steel and polypropylene. Reduction levels ranged from 3.4 to 6.4 log and from 5.5 to 7.4 log CFU/coupon in stainless steel and plastic coupons, respectively. From these results, alcohol-based sanitizer could be used as a potential way for controlling microbial contamination on the surface of utensils, cooking equipment, and other related environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.16-22
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• 2016

Coating pipe(PLP) has been generally used in buried site for protecting the corrosion. To prevent the damage by occurring the defect, other construction or execution works, an anti-oxidation environment was forcibly made by using protective potential. Coating and protective potential are applied simultaneously, but corrosion rate or defects are not easy to observe because soil composition has many uncertainty. Also, defect of coating pipe can not be directly observed. A corrosion coupon can easily measure a corrosion rate directly. The corrosion rate was measured with 6 scenarios using corrosion coupon during about 1 year(6 scenarios are based on soil type and protective potential or not in this research. Resultingly, the corrosion coupon has not occurred in the case of protected by potential current, but corrosion has occurred in a non-protected site. The corrosion rate was measured at least in the clay, and the propensity of corrosion rate was similar in other soil(sand and loams). The local corrosion has occurred in the clay because of high water content. On the other hand, general corrosion was occurred in sand and loams. Commonly, sand is not to corrosive soil. Although, corrosion occurred in sand can be estimated by chemical component and valid with chemical analysis report.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.135-161
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• 2011

Social commerce is a more recent phenomenon and growing in number and size with the diffusion of social networking services. But it has not been studied as extensively. The purpose of this study is to investigate consumers' social commerce usage intention empirically. Using the theory of reasoned action suggested by Fishbein and Ajzen(1975), this study tests that perceived value created by social commerce affects social commerce usage intention. In this study, authors e identify to the conception of perceived value as a multidimensional construct, economic, psychology, and time value. This study is to analyze the effects of the value perceived by the consumer on attitude toward social commerce and the effects of the attitude and subjective norm on social commerce usage intention. Additionally, we examine the moderating role of coupon redemption effort in the relationship between attitude toward social commerce and usage intention. In order to evaluative the validity of the model, 258 questionnaires were collected from college students who frequently use SNS and accept new trend and technology using internet survey. All the instrument items used in this study were adapted from previous research and the data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and AMOS 7. This study proposed several hypotheses and conducted an experiment to test these hypotheses. Based on the data analysis results, it was found that economic and psychology value has significant effects on attitude toward the social commerce but time value had not the effect on attitude toward the social commerce. And the present study has also shown that both attitude toward the social commerce and subjective norm significantly influenced usage intention. This finding suggests that the theory of reasoned action effectively explains the social commerce usage intention. The result regarding the moderating effect of the coupon redemption effort has shown that the attitude toward social commerce and usage intention is moderated by consumer perception about coupon redemption.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.193.1-193
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• 2005

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.117-117
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.35-55
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• 2015

In this research, we analyze the effects of price discounts and scarcity message (both quantity limitation message and time limitation message) on the purchase intention in the smart-phone environment. The purchase intention becomes higher at high discount rate and with scarcity message (both quantity limitation message and time limitation message). We also analyze the moderating effects of consumer's shopping value and distance between the consumer and the store on the effects of price discounts and scarcity message (both quantity limitation message and time limitation message) on the purchase intention. On average, the effects of price discount, time limitation message and quantity limitation message on the purchase intention become the highest levels for consumers pursuing hedonic shopping value. The effects of price discount, time limitation message and quantity limitation message on the purchase intention become higher when they are offered within a short distance between the coupon provider and the target customer.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.7-13
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• 2016

Since a smart phone became popular that leads mobile era, we've faced diverse life style changes. Particularly, a mobile messenger which changes communication method from voice and video call to text based multi media messenger, leads new gift-giving culture called mobile voucher gift-giving. Although many researches have validated diverse models about digital voucher, this research utilize the model which divide motivation of gift-giving from three theories: gift-giving motivation theory, technology acceptance model, and consumer value theory. The purpose of this research is not only validate the model but also grouping by giving frequency of samples and validate disparity among groups. In conclusion, there are three groups founded and shows difference motivations.