• Title/Summary/Keyword: Country-of-Origin Image

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An Empirical Research on the Factors affecting on Product Preferences and Purchasing Intention of Korean Consumers to Imported Luxury Brands into Korea (한국 소비자들의 수입명품에 대한 제품선호도와 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 - 이태리, 프랑스, 스위스 원산지 명품을 중심으로)

  • Jung, Hun Joo;Bae, Kyung Won
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.475-504
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and investigate why and how these 4 factors (the images of country of origin, imported luxury brand, objective products' characteristics and Projective consumer's peculiarity) impact product preferences & purchasing intention of consumers who plan to buy "Imported Luxury Branded goods". For this study the research directions are: 1. To find each impact of Country of Origin and Brand image which influence "the preference of imported luxury brand items". 2. To analyze the difference of "the effects of Country or Origin" which impacts product preference when consumers buy imported luxury branded goods, which have different purchasing risks. 3. To verify the difference of products' characteristics that have different purchasing risks through comparing the image of country of origin and brand. 4. To analyze and compare "the purchasing behavior of Korean consumers" for achieving research universality. In order to verify that those 4 factors (the images of country of origin, imported luxury brand, objective products' characteristics and prospective consumer's peculiarity) impact on product preferences & purchasing intention of consumers, the linear structural equation model was developed. According to this research model, 9 hypotheses were designed.

Country Image: Does It Really Matter to Consumers between Korea and the U.S.? (국가이미지: 한·미 소비자들에게 과연 그렇게 중요한가?)

  • Shin, Geon-Cheol;Park, Yonghee
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.121-144
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    • 2009
  • Consumers generally have different country images and purchasing patterns about products made in different countries. The essence of consumer behavior lies in psychological image on consumers' mind rather than actual characteristics of product itself. The current study examines how much country of origin influences consumers' purchase intentions focusing on Mexican products by consumers between Korea and the U.S. after establishment of NAFTA. The result of the study shows that there exists significant differences between Korean and the U.S. consumers' attitudes on purchasing Mexican products by structural equation modeling analyses.

Surrogate Internet Shopping Malls: The Effects of Consumers' Perceived Risk and Product Evaluations on Country-of-Buying-Origin Image (망상대구점(网上代购店): 소비자감지풍험화산품평개대원산국형상적영향(消费者感知风险和产品评价对原产国形象的影响))

  • Lee, Hyun-Joung;Shin, So-Hyoun;Kim, Sang-Uk
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.208-218
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    • 2010
  • Internet has grown fast and become one of the most important retail channels now. Various types of Internet retailers, hereafter etailers, have been introduced so far and as one type of Internet shopping mall, 'surrogate Internet shopping mall' has been prosperous and attracting consumers in the domestic market. Surrogate Internet shopping mall is a unique type of etailer that globally purchases well-known brand goods that are not imported in the market, completes delivery in the favor of individual buyers, and collects fees for these specific services. The consumers, who are usually interested in purchasing high-end and unique but not eligible brands, have difficulties to purchase these items overseas directly from the retailers or brands in other countries due to worries of payment failure and no address available for their usually domestic only delivery. In Korea, both numbers of surrogate Internet shopping malls and the magnitude of sales have been growing rapidly up to more than 430 active malls and 500 billion Korean won in 2008 since the population of consumers who want this agent shopping service is also expending. This etail business concept is originated from 'surrogate-mediated purchase' and this type of shopping agent has existed in many different forms and also in wide ranges of context level for quite a long time. As marketers face their individual buyers' representatives instead of a direct contact with them in many occasions, the impact of surrogate shoppers on consumer's decision making has been enormously important and many scholars have explored various range of agent's impact on consumer's purchase decisions in marketing and psychology field. However, not much rigorous research in the Internet commerce has been conveyed yet. Moreover, since as one of the shopping agent surrogate Internet shopping malls specifically connect overseas brands or retailers to domestic consumers, one specific character of the mall's, image of surrogate buying country, where surrogate purchases are conducted in, may play an important role to form consumers' attitude and purchase intention toward products. Furthermore it also possibly affects various dimensions of perceived risk in consumer's information processing. However, though tremendous researches have been carried exploring the effects of diverse dimensions of country of origin, related studies in Internet context has been rarely executed. There have been some studies that prove the positive impact of country of origin on consumer's evaluations as one of information clues in product manufacture descriptions, yet studies detecting the relationship between country image of surrogate buying origin and product evaluations rarely undertaken regarding this specific mall type. Thus, the authors have found it well-worth investigating in this specific retail channel and explored systematic relationships among focal constructs and elaborated their different paths. The authors have proven that country image of surrogate buying origin in the mall, where surrogate malls purchase products in and brings them from for buyers, not only has a positive effect on consumers' product evaluations including attitude and purchase intention but also has a negative effect on all three dimensions of perceived risk: product-related risk, shipping-related risk, and post-purchase risk. Specifically among all the perceived risk, product-related risk which is arisen from high uncertainty of product performance is most affected (${\beta}$= -.30) by negative country image of surrogate buying origin, and also shipping-related risk (${\beta}$= -.18) and post-purchase risk (${\beta}$= -.15) get influenced in order. Its direct effects on product attitude (${\beta}$= .10) and purchase intention (${\beta}$= .14) are also secured. Each of perceived risk dimension is proven to have a negative effect on purchase intention through product attitude as a mediator (${\beta}$= -.57: product-related risk ${\rightarrow}$ product attitude; ${\beta}$= -.24: shipping-related risk ${\rightarrow}$ product attitude; ${\beta}$= -.44: post-purchase risk ${\rightarrow}$ product attitude) as well. From the additional analysis, the paths of consumers' information processing are shown to be different based on their levels of product knowledge. While novice consumers with low level of knowledge consider only perceived risk important, expert consumers with high level of knowledge take both the country image, where surrogate services are conducted in, and perceived risk seriously to build their attitudes and formulate decisions toward products more delicately and systematically, which is in line with previous studies. This study suggests several pieces of academic and practical advice. Precisely, country image of surrogate buying origin does affect on consumer's risk perceptions and behavioral consequences. Therefore a careful selection of surrogate buying origin is recommended. Furthermore, reducing consumers' risk level is required to blossom this new type of retail business whether its consumer are novices or experts. Additionally, since consumer take different paths of elaborating information based on their knowledge levels, sophisticated marketing approaches to each group of consumers are required. For novice buyers strong devices for risk mitigation are needed to induce them to form better attitudes and for experts selections of better and advanced countries as surrogate buying origins are advised while endorsement strategy for the site might work as a reliable information clue to all consumers to mitigate the barriers to purchase goods online. The authors have also explained that the study suffers from some limitations, including generalizability. In future studies, tests of and comparisons among different types of etailers with relevant constructs are recommended to broaden the findings.

Consumer Evaluation of Country Image and Brand Personality under Export Marketing (수출마케팅에서 국가이미지와 브랜드개성에 관한 소비자 평가)

  • Lee, Bong-Soo
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.28
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    • pp.143-167
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    • 2005
  • This study suggests the necessity of effort to develop representative brands a unique personality in connection with country image. That is, brand personality adds brand identity to reliability and makes for stronger brand in the international market. It also furnishes the differentiation for guilding effective brand marketing. In summary, it is clear that country image and brand personality are strategic factors which should be considered by world enterprises and government in this era of globalization. In addition, the cross-cultural examination of country of origin effect and brand personality in connection with foreign consumers' selection is worthy of study.

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The Effects of China's Country Image on Korean Consumers' Product Evaluations and Purchase Intentions (중국 국가이미지가 한국소비자의 상품평가 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Cui, Ming;Lee, Seung Sin
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.455-472
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    • 2013
  • This paper's aim is to explore how China's country image affects the product evaluations and purchase intentions through three major hypothesize. Four hundred eighty-nine Korean adult consumers, who have the purchase experiences of goods made in China before, were invited to take part in this investigation. Data analyses were conducted by reliability test, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with SPSS ver. 19.0 and AMOS ver. 18.0. This study focused on multi-dimensional country image and found that China's country image contains 5 elements (people, evolution, politic, economic and culture). Empirical verification through structural equation modeling indicates that the data offer substantial supports, such that China's country image represents the predominant influence on product evaluations and people, evolution, and politic image showed positive effects. Also, China's country image has a positive influence on the product purchase intentions directly (culture image) and indirectly (people, politics, and evolution image) through the product evaluations. Practical implications of findings will be discussed and suggested as follows. First, this study complements the lack of researches on China among the studies regarding country image. Secondly, research results would help us to understand the perception on China's country image of Korean consumers' and to seek the criteria by which consumers evaluate goods made in China. Finally, this research can help Chinese companies to make market strategies effectively when they entering Korean market by exploring the factors which have strong influences on Korean consumers' purchase behaviors.

The Perception of Country-of-Origin of Global Restaurant Franchise Brands (글로벌 외식 프랜차이즈 브랜드의 원산지국가 인지도)

  • Kim, Maeng-Jin;Chong, Yu-Kyeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.720-728
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    • 2008
  • The objective of this article is to examine Korean consumers' perception level of the country-of-origin of brand (COB) of global restaurant franchises. Although global brands have rushed onto the Korean food service market since 1980, there has been little or no research conducted regarding consumers' perception of COB of global restaurant franchises. In this study, we surveyed consumers to determine their perception of COB for 27 foreign global restaurant brands; specifically, we attempted to determine whether or not Korean consumers could correctly recognize the COB of each brand. The results of this research revealed that Korean consumers correctly perceived the COB of certain restaurant brands, and incorrectly perceived some other brands. For instance, Korean consumers' perception level of the COB of McDonald's and KFC were quite high, and conversely their perceptions of the COB of Outback Steakhouse and Pohoa were relatively low. When consumers select a restaurant brand, COB image was shown to be more influential than brand image.

The Effect of Korean CSR in China on Chinese Consumers Purchase Intentions for Korean Products (한국기업의 사회적 책임이 중국 소비자들의 한국제품에 대한 구매 의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Sung-Hoon;Kim, Mie-Jung;Zhou, Ruyi
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.155-173
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    • 2013
  • Since the 1990s, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues have been attracting more and more attention from companies and researchers alike. The purchasing behavior of consumers is directly related to not only a company's financial performance, but also the future development of the company. Much of the previous research regarding CSR has mainly focused on the perspectives of enterprises. This paper aims to study the impact of CSR on purchase intention in three aspects - consumer, company and country. We decided to use Samsung to describe the impact of CSR on consumer purchase intentions in China. The results of this study revealed that CSR has a positive impact on the consumer-company identification, corporate reputation and country of origin image. Consumer-company identification turned out to be amore important moderator between CSR and consumers' purchase intentions than country of origin image and corporate reputation.

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Consumer Attitude Toward Purchasing US Brand Jeans (미국산 청바지 구매에 관한 소비자 태도 분석)

  • Kim-Jai-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.28
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    • pp.225-237
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    • 1996
  • The product evaluation and purchasing behavior of US brand jeans have been studied. The intrinsic and extrinsic cues are usually adopted to interpret the purchasing decison making processes. Among extrinsic cues price and brand name have been studied exten-sively but country-of-origin has not been examined in Korea. With the liberalization of retail industry foreign brands are aggressively penetrating in Korean pparel market. Since the penetration of imported apparel has increased tremendously lately the consumer attitude toward foreign produced clothing has great importance. The findings of the study were 1) Price was the most important among extrinsic cues ex-cept quality. Brand name was more important than store and country-of-origin. 2) The country image had significant influence to the preference as apparel production country. 3) The evaluation and willingness to buy of the jeans were greatly influenced by the be-havioral charcteristics of consumer variables. 4) The model to predict the willingness to buy of the jeans has been developed.

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Empirical Study on the Impact of China Mobile Phone Market Origin Image on Consumers' Purchasing Intention (중국 휴대폰 시장에서 원산지 이미지가 소비자의 구매 의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증 연구)

  • Gao, Ze;Sim, Jae-yeon;Liao, Xuan
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.10 no.11
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 2019
  • With the rapid development of China's economy, the consumption concept of Chinese consumers has changed, and the purchase intention of consumers is also affected by the origin of the brand. The purpose of this study is to help local enterprises gain more competitive advantages in international marketing activities by improving the image of the country of origin. Based on the theory of clue utilization, this paper constructs a theoretical model of the effect of the image of origin on consumers' purchase intention and puts forward the basic hypothesis. The data were collected, analyzed and processed through questionnaire survey and spss23.0. The results showed that: the image of the place of origin and the perceived value had a significant impact on the purchase intention. The image of origin has significant influence on perceived value. Finally, combined with the empirical research results, relevant marketing strategies and Suggestions are provided for local enterprises. At the same time, it also provides some reference for other countries to sell in China.

An Empirical Study about the Influence of Country Personality and Product Involvement on Consumer's Purchase and Visit Intentions

  • Sousa, Ana;Nobre, Helena;Farhangmehr, Minoo
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.65-72
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of country personality dimensions and product involvement on European consumers purchase and visit intentions, considering the Portuguese context. The increasing economic globalisation has resulted in the reducing of trade barriers between nations and the availability of more foreign products and services across borders. Therefore, the place associations of these products and services might be regarded as a potential competitive differentiator in their respective markets. Despite the proliferation of literature devoted to assessing the effects of country-of-origin, the symbolic dimension of a country's image remains understudied. A questionnaire measuring country personality dimensions, product involvement, and consumer's purchase and visit intention was passed on a sample of 335 European consumers. Country personality indeed matters both positively and negatively. Findings show that while assiduousness positively influences consumer's visit intentions, wickedness has a negative influence on consumer's purchase intentions. Findings also reveal that product involvement has a positive significant influence on consumer's purchase and visit intentions. On developing marketing strategies, international marketers and governmental decision-makers should consider product involvement attributes and specific country personality traits to provide the country's products with a competitive edge, as well as to promote the country as a travelling destination.