• 제목/요약/키워드: Country-of-Origin (COO)

검색결과 19건 처리시간 0.018초

Does Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance Moderate the Effects of Country-of-Origin on Brand Awareness: A Focus on Managerial Guidelines for Exporters

  • Yu Gyeom Oh;Ka Young Oh
    • 아태비즈니스연구
    • /
    • 제15권3호
    • /
    • pp.67-79
    • /
    • 2024
  • Purpose - A brand's country-of-origin (COO) could influence a behavior of consumers in a country. Nevertheless, there have been few studies of how exporters overcome the barrier of a negative COO effect and what can be a useful strategy for an exporter to alleviate the effect on consumer behavior. Against this background, it is essential to present a factor moderating the effect on consumers' brand awareness. Therefore, suggesting that environmental, social, and governance (ESG) management would be such a factor, we attempted to develop a model showing that the management could moderate the relationship between the COO effects and consumers' recall and evaluation toward a foreign brand. Design/methodology/approach - Using the stakeholder theory, the categorization, and the attribution theory as underlying theories, our study developed an empirically testable model that explains and predicts consumers' behaviors. Findings - We posited that positive ESG information influences consumers' brand recall and evaluation. In addition, we posited that positive ESG information moderates the COO effects on consumers' brand recall. Finally, we posited that positive ESG information moderates the COO effects on consumers' brand evaluation. Research implications or Originality - This manuscript filled a knowledge gap of none of alternative strategy toward COO effects in export marketing and provided implications regarding exporters' branding strategy in a foreign country.

원산지 개념의 구성 차원이 소비자의 제품평가에 미치는 영향: 동기성향의 효과 (Effects of Country-of-Origin Dimensions on Product Evaluations: A Role of Motivational Focus)

  • 신소현;김상욱;채서일
    • Asia Marketing Journal
    • /
    • 제10권2호
    • /
    • pp.71-98
    • /
    • 2008
  • 원산지 관련 연구는 오랫동안 마케팅과 국제경영 분야에서 연구되어 왔다. 최근 원산지 관련 연구는 급속도로 글로벌화 되어 가는 기업환경을 반영하여 원산지 효과의 존재를 입증 및 분석하고자 하는 연구흐름과 원산지 효과의 발생과정을 설명하고자 하는 연구흐름으로 분화 및 발전해왔다. 본 연구는 최근 단순한 원가절감 차원을 넘어서 브랜드 자체와 브랜드원산지의 경쟁력을 제고시키는 전략적 수단으로 활용되고 있는 제조원산지의 선택과 관련된 기업 활동의 효과를 설명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 제조원산지와 브랜드원산지를 긍정조합 및 부정조합으로 구분하여 원산지효과를 검증하였으며, 이 과정에서 소비자의 동기성향(조절초점)이 갖는 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 긍정적인 원산지의 조합(예컨대, 일본에서 생산된 프랑스 브랜드 오디오)의 경우가 부정적인 조합(예컨대, 중국에서 생산된 독일 브랜드 의류)의 경우보다 호의적인 반응을 유발함으로써 제조국 원산지효과가 있음이 확인 되었다. 또한 개인의 동기성향이 제품에 대한 메시지의 내용과 일치할 때 제품에 대한 평가가 좋아지는 조절적 적합성(regulatory fit) 효과가 존재한다는 것도 확인 되었다. 끝으로 동기성향의 조절효과를 보았을 때, 긍정적인 원산지 조합에서는 개인의 동기성향에 따라 제품평가가 달라져 조절효과를 입증할 수 있었으나, 부정적인 원산지 조합에서는 동기성향의 조절효과가 태도 부분에서만 부분 지지되고 품질지각과 구매의도 부분에서는 지지되지 않아서 동기성향의 조절효과가 존재한다는 점을 부분적으로만 확인할 수 있었다. 연구결과를 토대로 기업이 제조원산지를 결정할 때 고려할 요소와 이미 제조원산지가 결정된 상황에서 보다 효과적인 마케팅 전략을 수립하기 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.

  • PDF

Multinational Products for Consumer-Driven Global Sourcing Strategies

  • LEE, Jiwon;OH, Jae-Young;OH, Eunji;SHIN, Matthew Minsuk
    • 유통과학연구
    • /
    • 제17권8호
    • /
    • pp.5-14
    • /
    • 2019
  • Purpose - This study aims to proposes a conceptual framework to segment multi-national products based on a Chinese consumer's perception of multi-national products, to find the role of consumer ethnocentrism (CET) in country of origin (COO) effects for Chinese, and to figure out how different dimension of CET Effects on purchase intention developed market and home country. Research design, data and methodology - This study selected a 2×2×2 factorial design for the hypothesis test based on the product category × combination of manufactured type × Ethnocentrism level. This study distinguishes products between luxury (Burberry) and non-luxury (Nike) products and choose combination of manufactured type (Spain vs India/ Spain vs China) in order to perform comparative studies. A total of 223 Chinese participated in the experiment. After being exposed to each scenario, participants were asked to respond to questions about brand preference and purchase intention Results - Regarding to luxury made in developed country, it is worth that exposing COO information to low level of ethnocentrism consumers. Regarding to non-luxury product made in emerging country, it makes it worse when COO information to high level of ethnocentrism consumers. Lastly, regarding to non-luxury product, patriotic consumers prefer to purchase product made in home country.

원산지 평가성향의 활용: 제품특성과 소비자 동기의 역할을 중심으로 (The Use of Country of Origin Stereotypes: The Role of Product Specificity and Consumer Motivation)

  • 이한준;박종철;오혜영
    • Asia Marketing Journal
    • /
    • 제13권4호
    • /
    • pp.77-103
    • /
    • 2012
  • 과거 연구들은 원산지(COO)효과의 존재여부에 주목하였으나, 본 연구는 사회판단이론(social judgeability theory)을 적용하여, 어떤 상황에서 원산지(COO)가 소비자의 제품평가에 영향을 미치는지를 연구하였다. 두 개의 실험결과에 의하면, 단지 어느 나라에서 자동차가 만들어졌다는 정보(COO only information)만으로는 제품에 대한 평가에 영향을 미치지 않고, 그 차를 만든 나라와 그 차를 만든 기업의 이름(product-specific information)이 제시될 때, 응답자들은 원산지 효과를 활용할 수 있는 충분한 근거(단서)를 가졌다고 느끼고, 또한 응답자들이 사회의 공통적인 판단 기준(socially shared criteria of validity)에 부합하여 판단하여야 하는 동기를 부여 받았을 때, 원산지 효과가 제품 평가에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 각 실험 결과는 단순히 원산지 평가성향으로만 소비자 평가가 이루어지는 것이 아니라 원산지 평가성향에 영향을 미치는 정보의 제시방법이 영향을 미친다는 사실을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 인상형성 모델의 틀 안에서 좀 더 논의되어야 할 것이다.

  • PDF

The Role of Ethnocentrism and Firms Reputation of a Country of Origin on Consumer Purchase Intention

  • Nadia Jimenez;Sonia San Martin
    • Asia Marketing Journal
    • /
    • 제11권2호
    • /
    • pp.97-119
    • /
    • 2009
  • The growth of international trade and the formation of supranational economic and political trading blocks have noticeably widened the presence on the market of products of different national origins. This has stimulated interest in explaining the Country-of-Origin (COO) role in domestic and international markets and its consequences on consumer behaviour. Since the consumer purchasing decisions can be decisive to the success of a company's strategy in domestic and foreign markets, the objective of this study is to present empirical evidence on the extent to which reputation of firms associated to a certain COO are related to consumer purchase intention. Additionally our study considers ethnocentrism as a variable that partially explains the rejection of imports products based on its foreign origin. The empirical application of the proposed model is related to the purchase of Korean automobiles which represents 5.7% of the national market share in Spain. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data collected from 202 personal interviews carried out in a large Spanish region. The results show that reputation of firms associated to a certain COO in an important factor to establish business relationships involving consumers and firms from different countries and increase intentions to purchase Korean products. Additionally, ethnocentric consumers prefer to purchase domestic products rather than foreign imports as an attempt to protect national economy however the negative effect of ethnocentrism is weaker than positive effect of firms reputation of a COO.

  • PDF

The Effects of County-of-Origin, BrandImage, and Corporate Image Dimensions on Brand Evaluations and Purchase Intentions of Smart Phones of Five Brands: A Comparative Study of China and Korea

  • Mo, Li;Zhai, Shuai
    • 유통과학연구
    • /
    • 제11권7호
    • /
    • pp.47-56
    • /
    • 2013
  • Purpose - In the academic literature, the researches on a comparative study on purchase behaviors of the consumers from emerging and mature markets remain limited. Therefore, this empirical study is attempted to examine the effects of country of origin (COO), brand image and corporate image on the purchase behavior of Chinese consumers (as from emerging market) and Korean consumers (as from mature market). Research Design, data, methodology - In total, 615 valid questionnaires were collected from the main cities of China and Korea respectively, and a multiple group analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses with SPSS 16.0 and AMOS18.0. Results - Chinese consumers are not influenced by country-of-origin effect, whereas Korean consumers are sensitive to it. Both Chinese and Korean consumers are sensitive to brand image, whereas corporate image does appear to influence Chinese consumers but not Korean consumers. The effects of country-of-origin are not more influential in less developed market (China) than more developed market (Korea). Conclusions - According to the results of this empirical study, the country-of-origin effect does impact Korean consumers but not Chinese consumers' purchase behavior. Therefore, multinational companies are relatively free to make the decision, if Chinese consumers are the marketing targets, when choosing manufacturing sites.

Korean consumers' attitudes towards organic labels and country-of-origin of organic foods

  • Lee, Hye-Kyoung;Cho, Young-Sang
    • 유통과학연구
    • /
    • 제9권1호
    • /
    • pp.49-59
    • /
    • 2011
  • Although the South Korean organic food market is in the infancy compared to other industrialized countries, Korean consumers'interest in organic food and retail stores devoting space to organic products have been rapidly increasing. Despite the fact of organic food popularity, the term "organic" is interpreted differently by individuals. As opposed to the US, Japan and the EU where have operated an integrated organic food labelling system, Korea has adopted complex organic labelling systems regulated by several different government bodies. As a result, complicated food labelling standards make consumers confused when purchasing organic foods. Furthermore, in terms of country of origin (COO), it is argued by a lot of researchers that COO effects vary from product to product and from country to country; moreover, other informational cues such as brand and price can influence COO effects. In modern society, COO labelling has been complicated, due to the sourcing, manufacturing and market locations of merchandise spread over the world. Accordingly, the evaluation of COO effects has become complex. In order to examine these issues, a quantitative research was selected to classify the commonfeatures of organic food consumers and construct statistics such as the extent to which people are aware of organic food and COO labellingvia a questionnaire which took place in two cities in Korea with a cluster sample of 161 organic food purchasers. As for the data analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-tests, bivariate crosstatulations with Cramer's V were conducted,depending on the characteristics of variables and the assumptions the research data need to fit. It has been concluded that in general, Korean organic consumers comprehend the term "organic"in a closer way to the general concept rather than technical term, thus people do not appreciate environmentally labels which include organic food labels, although marital status influence the degree of label awareness, regardless of gender, age, education level and so on. Regarding COO effects on organic food, home organic products were Korean consumers'first choice over those from industrialized countries and developing nations. Specifically, in processed organic product category, domestically cultivated and processed organic products were absolutely preferred to leading national brands produced with imported ingredients and international brands. However, due to a lack of checks of ingredients' COO, consumers tend to purchase a leading national organic food brand, believing that it is a pure organic food sourced domestically. As a consequence, this research has suggested some important managerial implications and future research directions. In order to prevent consumer confusion when buying organic foods, it should be noted that consumers do not comprehend the organic food certifications, due to complicated labelling systems for organic produce and processed organic foods. Therefore, government bodies related to organic food distribution have to know consumers' perception of organic food labels and the significance of customer-oriented labels and reestablish labelling standards. Similarly, public advertising should be followed to raise public awareness of the labelling to enable customers to have the correct information. In addition, not only international marketers but also domestic marketers need to understand COO images and also the influence COO of ingredients has on the image of an organic product.

  • PDF

중국 원산지이미지에 따른 한국 소비자의 지각된 가치와 구매의도: 제조 및 브랜드 원산지 효과를 비교 (The Effects of China's Country-of-Origin Image on Korean Consumers' Perceived Value and Purchase Intentions: Comparison between Country-of-Manufacture (COM) and Country-of-Brand (COB))

  • 최명;이승신
    • Human Ecology Research
    • /
    • 제55권5호
    • /
    • pp.507-526
    • /
    • 2017
  • To infer the true state of a regional product's attributes, consumers use the image they have of the product's region of origin; however, products may have multiple countries of origin in their design, branding, sourcing and manufacturing becuase more products are increasingly a result of multi-firm and multi-country efforts. We examined how the country-of-origin image (country image and product image) affect international consumers' perceived value (function value and symbolic value) and purchase intentions of made-in China goods by extending and deepening the flexible model. Second, to investigate the differences of COO effects according to different types of country-of-origin we divided the traditional country-of-origin into two components: country-of-manufacture (COM) and country-of-brand (COB). We then explore how the impact of China's country image on consumers' perceived value and purchase intentions varies when China is the COM or COB of the same product. Six hypotheses were proposed to test our anticipations. We recruited 800 Korean adult consumers who previously purchased made-in China products to participate in the online investigation. Data analyses were conducted with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS. The main results are discussed as follows. First, the effects of China's COO image on Korean consumers' perceived value and purchase intentions vary when China is the COM or COB of a product. Second, a positive effect of the function value and symbolic value on the purchase intentions was found. Literature and practical implications of findings are discussed and suggested in the conclusion.

원산지 이미지에 따라 원산지 요인들이 원산지제도 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (An Empirical Study of effect how COO Factors impact on COO Performance in accordance with Origin Images)

  • 김창봉;현화정
    • 무역학회지
    • /
    • 제41권4호
    • /
    • pp.131-155
    • /
    • 2016
  • 최근 글로벌 무역환경은 글로벌 공급체인망 통합에 의한 무역거래가 이루어지고 있다. 특히, 국가간, 지역간 FTA가 협정되면서 제품에 대한 원산지 제도에 관한 이해와 실행이 중요 이슈로 등장되고 있다. 기업들이 글로벌 소싱을 통한 원재료 및 부품을 조달하여 판매시장으로 공급하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 및 국외 문헌연구를 통해 원산지제도의 검증 및 활용에 대한 주요 요인을 도출하고, 실증분석을 통해 원산지 국가 이미지와 브랜드 이미지에 따른 원산지 검증 및 활용요인이 원산지제도 성과에 미치는 영향이 어떻게 달라지는지 조절효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 위해 원산지제도를 활용하고 있는 대기업 및 중견기업들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 수집된 152부의 자료를 실증분석에 이용하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 원산지제도의 외부검증수준이 원산지제도 성과에 영향을 미치는데 원산지 국가 이미지와 브랜드 이미지의 조절효과가 나타났다. 둘째, 원산지 관리역량이 원산지제도의 성과에 영향을 미치는데 원산지 브랜드 이미지의 조절효과가 나타났다. 향후 본 연구에서 다루지 못한 기업의 규모에 따른 원산지검증시스템 구축의 차이를 비교하여 분석하는 연구가 필요하다.

  • PDF

소고기 원산지 표시에 대한 소비자들의 지각도 평가 (The Effect of Declaration of its Country of Origin on Consumers' Attitude to Beef)

  • 강종헌;이성희
    • 한국생활과학회지
    • /
    • 제15권5호
    • /
    • pp.859-866
    • /
    • 2006
  • The aim of this survey is to examine factors that influence on the perceived helpfulness in consumers' predicting its quality and safety when the country of origin (COO) of beef is declared. The data were analyzed that had collected from a consumer survey done in March 2006. 250 consumers living in Suncheon, Jeollanamdo were randomly selected as respondents. Eleven of them did not complete the survey material, so the total number of available samples were 239. All samples were estimated using proc logistic procedure of SAS package. The results indicate as follows: first, the levels of perceived helpfulness of COO in consumers' predicting beef quality and safety depend significantly on he age, the occupation, and the education level of demographic variables. Second, when analysing attitude variables to beef, the levels are significantly correlated with the respondents' ability to acquire information, their trust of information about beef, nd their interest about bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE). The proportional odds assumptions of models are not violated at p<0.05. Third, it is the gender, the age, and the education level of the respondents, and the respondents' ability to acquire information which significantly effect on the level of the perceived helpfulness of COO in predicting beef quality. Fourth, it is the consumer's age, their education level, and their trust of information about beef which statistically have a significant effect on the level of perceived helpfulness of COO in predicting beef safety.

  • PDF