• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.507-517
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• 2018

This study is focused on analyzing the characteristics of repeat foreign tourists to Korea and suggest how to increase the repeat ratio. As the result of analysis, there were significant differences in the variables of sex, age, country in the case of demographic characteristics and in the variables of travel types, the number of company, the purpose of visit, accommodations, major visiting places and visiting areas in the case of travel characteristic. And also there were significant differences in the variables of accommodation fees per person and expenses per person in their own country in the case of travel expenses and in the variables of immigration formalities, public transportations, accommodations, foods, shopping, tourist attractions and security in the case of satisfaction. Lastly there were significant differences in the variables of revisit intention within 3 years, recommendation intention, the image of Korea(before trip) and the image of Korea(after trip) in the case of behavior intention after trip and image evaluation. Therefore it should be considered the characteristics of repeat foreign tourists when we make the tourism products to increase the repeat ratio.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2018

Background: Analyses of the efficacy and safety of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in most countries have been based on outcomes obtained in accordance with national practice guidelines and monitoring protocols. The purpose of this study is to share our experience regarding the process for establishing guidelines and monitoring protocols for the use of TAVR in Korea, in the hopes that it may be helpful to others undergoing a similar process in their own country. Methods: The Korean guidelines for TAVR were established on June 1, 2015 in through a tri-party agreement involving the Department of Health and Welfare, the Korean Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and the Korean Society of Cardiology. We agreed to monitor the guidelines transparently and to exchange opinions regarding amendments or continuation of its contents after 3 years of monitoring. Results: The monitoring meetings were not held as regularly as agreed, and monitoring was also made difficult by insufficient and incomplete data. Nevertheless, during the meetings, measures to improve the monitoring process were discussed, and accordingly, an agreement was made to continue the monitoring process, with the aim of completing data collection by 2018. Conclusion: Compliance with guidelines is critical for assessing the efficacy and safety of TAVR. Moreover, the TAVR monitoring process must be properly conducted for an accurate evaluation to be made. Any country planning to introduce TAVR may encounter difficulties with regards to the optimal initiation strategy and subsequent monitoring. Nevertheless, continued efforts should be made to persuade the government and the corresponding medical societies to facilitate the optimal application of TAVR.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.170-177
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• 2011

Recently, there has been increasing concern for green growth and environment-friendly construction work is being revitalized; hereupon this study is going to understand the present situation of environment -friendly features of the apartment house through the case study of environment-friendly apartment house in and outside the country, and to suggest the developmental direction of the domestic apartment house. First, this study is to look into respective environment-friendly factors by considering the theoretical background of environment-friendliness and certification of environment-friendly structures, and analyzing the cases of apartment house in and outside the country. This study selected as the survey target the apartment buildings located at 5 places which were completed after 2003 and obtained the domestic 'Green Building Certification Criteria'[hereinafter, GBCC] in metropolitan areas in domestic cases and the survey target to the apartment building at 5 places which were completed after 2003 and obtained the US 'Leadership in Energy and Environment Design' [hereinafter, LEED] in overseas cases. For comparative analysis of each case, this study evaluated each case twice using GBCC and LEED to be more objective in evaluation. As a result, it was found that domestic cases focused on nature-friendly landscaping and the use of the certified products while overseas cases focused on minimizing the environmental impact such as raising the energy reduction ratio and reducing water resources and consumption of resources. Accordingly, there seems to be a need for practical energy-reduction & resources-saving scheme in order for domestic environment-friendly apartment buildings to reach the level of the LEED certification.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2245-2249
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• 2014

Background: Human papillomavirus is a well-established cause of the development of a variety of epithelial lesions in the cervix. However, as yet, incorporation of HPV testing into cervical cancer screening either as an adjunct or stand alone test is limited due to its cost. We therefore here ascertained the presence and type specificity of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA in routine cervical scrapings. Materials and Methods: Cervical scrapings were collected from women attending clinics for routine Pap smear screening. HPV-DNA was detected by PCR using MY09/11 and GP5+/GP6+ primer sets and genotyping was accomplished by cycle-sequencing. Results: A total of 635 women were recruited into the study with $mean{\pm}SD$ age of $43{\pm}10.5$ years. Of these 92.6% (588/635) were reported as within normal limits (WNL) on cytology. The presence of HPV infection detected by nested MY/GP+-PCR was 4.4% (28/635). The overall prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) in abnormal Pap smears was 53.8% (7/13). HPVs were also seen in 3.1% (18/588) of smears reported as WNL by cytology and 5.9% (2/34) in smears unsatisfactory for evaluation. Conclusions: The overall percentage of HPV positivity in routine cervical screening samples is comparable with abnormal findings in cytology. Conventional Pap smear 'missed' a few samples. Since HPV testing is expensive, our results may provide valuable information for strategising implementation of effective cervical cancer screening in a country with limited resources like Malaysia. If Pap smear coverage could be improved, HPV testing could be used as an adjunct method on cases with ambiguous diagnoses.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.41-72
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• 2013

In this study, a comparison has been made among the countries regarding recent ICT practices being performed based on the measures of relative efficiency and productivity growth that use multiple inputs and outputs. Efficiency measures a country's ICT performance relative to a benchmark at a given point of time and productivity measures a country's performance over a period of time. An output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index has been used for comparison among 28 countries over the period 2008-2011 by incorporating 9 variables. The empirical findings disclose gross inefficiencies in national ICT practices, which show that there is room for enhancing output gains through increased efficiency in their operations. In addition, 13 countries have performed better than others in total factor productivity mainly because of their improvement in the underlying technological progress in ICT. For those technically inefficient countries, however, technical inefficiency may hamper the growth of total factor productivity of ICT practices.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.6 s.113
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• pp.333-339
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• 2005

The pesticide is raising public interest in the world, because it causes damage to an environmental pollution and the human health remaining agricultural products and an ecosystem, in spite of the advantages. Particularly, each country restricts the residual pesticide and induces observance about the safety and usage standard so that they can control the amount of pesticide used and defend the safety of agricultural products. The habitual practice for the analysis of the residual pesticide depends on GC (gas chromatography), HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) and GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy), which triturate the fixed quantity of samples, abstract and purify as a suitable organic solvent. These methods have the highly efficient in aspects of sensitivity and accuracy. On the other hand, they need the high cost, time consuming, much effort, expensive equipment and the skillful management. Carbofuran is highly toxic by inhalation and ingestion and moderately toxic by dermal absorption. As with other carbamate compounds, it is metabolized in the liver and eventually excreted in the urine. The half-life of carbofuran on crops is about 4 days when applied to roots, and longer than 4 days if applied to the leaves. This research was conducted to develop immunoassay for detecting carbofuran residue quickly on the basis of surface plasmon resonance and to evaluate the measurement sensitivity. Gold chip used was CM5 spreaded dextran on the surface. An applied antibody to Immunoassay was GST (glutathione-s-transferase). The association and the dissociation time were 176 second and 215 second between GST and carbofuran. The total analysis time using surface plasmon resonance was 13 minutes including regeneration time, on the other hand HPLC and GC/MS was 2 hours usually. The minimum detection limit of a permissible amount for carbofuran in the country is 0.1 ppm. The immunoassay method using surface plasmon resonance was 0.002 ppm.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.50-58
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• 2018

Background: In terms of the Level 3 probabilistic safety assessment (Level 3 PSA), ingestion of food that had been exposed to radioactive materials is important to assess the intermediate- and long-term radiological dose. Because the ingestion dose is considerably dependent upon the agricultural and dietary characteristics of each country, the reliability of the assessment results may become diminished if the characteristics of a foreign country are considered. Thus, this study intends to evaluate and analyze the ingestion dose of Korean during a severe accident by completely considering the available agricultural and dietary characteristics in Korea. Materials and Methods: This study uses COMIDA2, which is a program based on dynamic food chain model. It sets the parameters that are appropriate to Korean characteristics so that we can evaluate the inherent ingestion dose of Korean. The results were analyzed by considering the accident date and food category with regard to the $^{137}Cs$. Results and Discussion: The dose and contribution of the food category depicted distinctive differences based on the accident date. Particularly, the ingestion dose during the first and second years depicted a considerable difference by the accident date. However, after the third year, the effect of foliar absorption was negligible and exhibited a similar tendency along with the order of root uptake rate based on the food category. Conclusion: In this study, the agricultural and dietary characteristics of Korea were analyzed and evaluated the ingestion dose of Korean during a severe accident using COMIDA2. By considering the inherent characteristics of Korean, it can be determined that the results of this study will significantly contribute to the reliability of the Level 3 PSA.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.455-460
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• 2017

In popular music, soul music is becoming an evaluation criteria in Korea. Blues, a songer music that was singing and lamenting Filed Holler and their suffering in a vast land of black blood and sweat, which became the mother of music to understand our enthusiastic soul music. And the only spiritual haven, church music and important musicians. Especially in the 1960s Americans social background is the most important factor to understand the soul music of birth time. Our country, which has undergone tremendous colonial rule amid numerous foreign invasions, is naturally ashamed of its aging skies. For Black-Americans soul music is an expression and anger expression anger. However, many musicians, who are flooded with floods in our country, are destined to experience the essence of life. 'Soul music' the noble choice of choice music, is known to be the ultimate reminder of the misery of the eternal disaster. As soul music has become a powerful it is understandable that it has become an exaggeration.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-88
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• 2016

This study aims to help address concerns about the growing demand of wider bandwidth Internet connection in the Philippines. Using articles and research of international organizations and content from official websites of the Philippine government, this paper has carefully examined the slow Internet connectivity and the high cost that the end-users pay for it. This paper suggests that this inefficiency hampers the motivation of users to innovate in a way that could contribute to inclusive growth and the development of an inclusive information society. Through a comparison of the current global ICT situation with the current situation in the Philippines, this paper shows that the country's Internet infrastructure lags behind among those of contemporary developing countries in Asia, particularly in terms of Internet connectivity. In 2015, Thailand had an average Internet speed of 7.4 Mbps, Sri Lanka 7.4, and Malaysia 4.3. Meanwhile, the Philippines had a meager average Internet speed of 2.8 Mbps, placing the country at 104 among 160 countries, with developed countries in Asia such as South Korea (23.6 Mbps) and Singapore (12.9 Mbps) ranking 1 and 12, respectively. Findings show that the lack of competition in the Internet connectivity market, among other reasons, is at the root of the dilemma of slow and costly Internet connection. Assessing the accomplishments of the Republic of Korea and other broadband-leading countries has provided practical insights and recommendations that can promote competitiveness. Furthermore, related literature argues how ISP practices may affect Internet speed and cost. This study offers an approach in improving Internet connectivity in the Philippines by bridging the gap between the Internet infrastructure market and government policies.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 2013

The government has focused on activation of overseas construction projects and strengthening competitiveness in the long term. In recent years Public construction contract as well as design, engineering, construction management(CM) are gradually expanding into other countries, but risk analysis cases in the field are slight. In this study, We utilized PI scale and drew a conclusion about the importance of overseas risk by participants. We compared its features from the risk factor based on Risk Matrix. As a result of this study total of 6 section 31 Country Risk factors for the importance of overseas risk by participants were drawn, and the key risk factors (17 constructor, 14 designers, 17 CMr) based on Risk Matrix were derived. By utilizing the result of this study will be used as the basic data for establishing risk management strategy to meet each business and planning evaluation model.