• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2005

This study is designed to find out the effect of Corydalidis Tuber Carthami Flos Paeoniae Radix Rubra mixed water extract on adjuvant arthritis, and to check the stability for Corydalidis Tuber Carthami Flos Paeoniae Radix Rubra mixed water extract about the liver. At first, rats were devided into four groups; Normal(Non-treated group with FCA), Control(Group administrated saline everyday for 1 week after treatment of FCA), Sample A(group administrated Corydalidis Tuber Paeoniae Radix Rubra Carthami Flos mixed water extract $9mg/200{\sim}220g$ everyday 1 week after treatment of FCA) and Sample B(Group administrated Corydalidis Tuber Paeoniae Radix Rubra Carthami Flos mixed water extract $18mg/200{\sim}220g$ everyday 1 week after treatment of FCA). After then, separated searches were made on the change of edema rate, the number of WBC, the contented quantities of total protein, total bilirubin, GOT, GPT in the serum. Result : In the right planter edema, both of Sample groups showed a decrease with statistical significance in comparison with control group. In the WBC count, Sample B group showed a decrease with statistical significance in comparison with control group and also sample A group showed a decrease, but did not show statistical significance. In the serum total protein, both of samples did not show statistically significant decrease in comparison with the control group. In the serum total bilirubin, GOT and GPT, both of samples did not show any harmful change about the liver in comparison with the control group. According to the above results, it is concluded that Corydalidis Tuber Paeoniae Radix Rubra Carthami Flos mixed water extract had the therapeutic effect of anti-inflammation in adjuvant arthritis with no injury to liver.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.735-739
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• 2007

고온 내산성 미생물을 퇴비에서 분리하고, 생리 및 생화학적 특성을 조사하여 Bacillus sp. SJ-15로 명명하였다. 생장을 위한 최적 온도와 pH는 각각 $55^{\circ}C$와 5.0 이었다. 분리된 SJ-15 균주는 음식물쓰레기의 고온 고속 퇴비화 공정에 적용하였다. 퇴비화 과정에서 16시간 만에 최대 생균수인 $9.2{\times}10^9/ml$를 나타내었다. 본 퇴비화 공정은 개시 100일 후에 약 88%의 감량율을 나타내었고, 퇴비성분의 농도를 분석한 결과 본 공정을 통해 생산된 퇴비는 염분을 제외하면 유기질 비료의 기준을 모두 만족하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제17C권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2010

기존의 무선 센서 네트워크에서 클러스터링 기법을 제안한 LEACH는 데이터 전송에 있어서 플러딩 방식을 탈피, 효율적으로 에너지를 소비하여 네트워크의 통신량을 증가 시키는데 성공하였다. 또한 무선 센서 네트워크에서 QoS 기반의 제한적인 플러딩 방식을 제안한 기법도, 라우팅 경로 설정에 참여하는 노드의 숫자를 줄여, 에너지 소모를 줄이는데 성공하였다. 하지만 데이터 전송 시, 비교적 적은 홉 수의 라우팅 경로를 선호하였고, 이는 에너지 사용량을 증대시켜 전체 네트워크 성능 저하를 유발하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크에서 QoS(Quality of Service) 기반의 에너지 효율적인 클러스터링과 라우팅 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 무선 센서 네트워크 관련 연구 분야에서 가장 중요한 이슈인 에너지 효율에 기반을 두어, 데이터 패킷의 종류를 두 종류 (class 1, class 2)로 나누어 차별화된 서비스를 제공하는 기법을 제안하였다. NS-2를 사용하여 실험한 결과, 기존의 기법보다 노드의 평균 생존 시간을 약 2.47배 증가 시키고 class 1 데이터 패킷의 경우 약 312%, class 2 데이터 패킷의 경우 약 61%의 통신량을 증가시켰다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.2031-2038
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• 2008

무선 USB 시스템의 호스트-디바이스 간에 4-way handshake 상호 인증을 위한 PRF(Pseudo Random Function)-256, PRF-64 및 데이터 암/복호 기능을 수행하는 저면적 고속 인증/보안 프로세서 (WUSB_Sec) IP를 설계하였다. PRF-256과 PRF-64는 CCM(Counter mode with CBC-MAC) 연산을 기반으로 구현되며, CCM은 AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) 암호 코어 2개를 사용하여 CBC 모드와 CTR 모드가 병렬로 처리되도록 설계되었다. WUSB_Sec 프로세서의 핵심 블록인 AES 암호 코어는 합성체 GF$(((2^2)^2)^2)$ 연산 기반의 S-Box로 설계되었으며, SubByte 블록과 키 스케줄러가 S-Box를 공유하도록 설계하여 약 10%의 면적을 감소시켰다. 설계된 WUSB_Sec IP는 약 25,000 게이트로 구현되었으며, 120MHz에 서 동작하여 480Mbps의 성능을 갖는다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2015

A PET-MR system is particularly useful in diagnosing brain diseases. We have developed a prototype positron emission tomography (PET) system which can be inserted into the bore of a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system that enables us to obtain PET and MRI images simultaneously with a reduced cost. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are appropriated as a PET detector at PET/MR system because detectors have a high gain and are insensitive to magnetic fields. Despite of its improved performance compared to that of PMT-based detectors, there is a problem of the photo-peak channel shift which is due to the increase of the temperature inside the ring detector. This problem will occur decreasing sensitivity of the PET and image distortion. In this paper, I quantitative analyze parameters of the KAIST SiPM depending on temperature by experiments. And I designed cooling methods in consideration of the degradation of sensors for correction of the temperature in the PET gantry. According to this research, we expect that distortive images and degradation of the sensitivity will not be occurred with using the above idea to reduce heat even if the PET system operates for a long time.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.385-391
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• 2002

Panax ginseng (family- Araliaceae) is a native plant of Korea and has been used for past several years among oriental people. To evaluate the radioprotective potential of P. ginseng on the formation of giant cells in the testis of Swiss albino mice, the animals were divided into four groups: -(I)-Only vehicle was administered. (II)P. ginseng treated group: -The animals received 10 mg/kg body weight P. ginseng root extract (in DDW) i.p. continuously for 30 days. (III) Irradiated group: -The animals were exposed to 8 Gy gamma radiation at the dose rate of 1.69 Gy/min at the distance of 80 ems. (IV) Combined treatment group: -Animals were given P. ginseng extract for four days and on fourth day they were irradiated to 8 Gy gamma radiation after 30 minute of extract administration. The animals of these three groups were autopsied on day 1,3, 7, 14 and 30 days. In ginseng treated group, active spermatogenesis was observed without any toxic effect. Histopathological studies of irradiated group (II) revealed reduction in germ cell count, loss of sperms and formation of multinucleated giant cells on day 7th. These giant cells were formed by round nuclei of early or late spermatids. In combination group (III), although germinal epithelium was still disorganized with loss of cells in few tubules, but no giant cell formation was observed. In order to know the mechanism of radioprotection of ginseng, LPO and GSH were estimated. It was observed that pretreated irradiated animals showed inhibition of LPO and increase in GSH. Thus the present study suggests ginseng protects male gonads. This may be attributed to the inhibition of LPO and increase synthesis of GSH byginseng.

• 대한종양외과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2018

Purpose: Previous studies have addressed the role of the hypercoagulable state in the pathogenesis of cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the association between coagulation factors, including tissue factor (TF) expression, platelet count, and fibrinogen level, and disease recurrence in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: Patients who underwent curative resection for stage II or III colorectal cancer between 2000 and 2007 were included in this study. Data from a prospectively maintained database were retrospectively reviewed. TF expression was determined by immunohistochemistry using an anti-TF monoclonal antibody. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate 5-year disease-free survival. Results: TF was highly expressed in 257 of 297 patients (86.5%). TF expression was not significantly associated with the platelet counts (P=0.180) or fibrinogen level (P=0.281). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was lower in patients with high TF expression than in patients with low TF expression (72.3% vs. 83.9%, P=0.074). In Cox hazard analysis, high TF expression was an independent risk factor for tumor recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 2.446; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.054-5.674; P=0.037). Undifferentiated histologic type (HR, 2.911; 95% CI, 1.308-6.481; P=0.009), venous invasion (HR, 2.784; 95% CI, 1.431-5.417; P=0.003), and lymph node metastasis (HR, 2.497; 95% CI, 1.499-4.158; P<0.001), were also significantly associated with disease recurrence. Conclusion: TF expression is associated with a recurrence in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer. However, further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms relating TF expression with oncologic outcomes and its potential role as a therapeutic target.

• Neurospine
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.383-387
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• 2018

Objective: Lower back pain (LBP) is a worldwide health problem, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common modality used to aid in its diagnosis. Although specific guidelines for assessing the necessity of MRI usage exist, the use of MRI as the initial imaging method for LBP seems to be more common than necessary in general practice. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 313 patients who had undergone MRI of the lumbosacral spine during 2014-2015. We recorded and compared various factors, including age, sex, body mass index, current smoking status, race, symptoms, MRI findings, and progression to surgery within the next year. All rates were compared according to whether the MRI results showed radiographically significant findings (MRI-positive) or not (MRI-negative) using the chi-square or Fisher exact tests (if the expected cell count was <5). All analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of each symptom between the MRI-positive and MRI-negative groups, which accounted for 58.5% (183 of 313) and 41.5% (130 of 313) of the MRIs, respectively. The difference in the rate of surgery in the next year (18% among MRI-positive patients and 8.5% among MRI-negative patients) was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on our findings, 41.5% of patients underwent lumbar MRI unnecessarily and 81% of patients with positive MRIs did not have surgery within the next year. Further physician training is needed to avoid unnecessary investigations and expenditures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1580-1590
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• 2019

Objective: The aims of this study were to select one strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) for a potential indigenous safe starter culture with low level antibiotic resistant and low biogenic amine production and evaluate its effect on biogenic amines reduction in Moo som. Methods: Three strains of indigenous L. plantarum starter culture (KL101, KL102, and KL103) were selected based on their safety including antibiotic resistance and decarboxylase activity, and fermentation property as compared with a commercial starter culture (L. plantarum TISIR543). Subsequently, the effect of the selected indigenous safe starter culture on biogenic amines formation during Moo som fermentation was studied. Results: KL102 and TISIR 543 were susceptible to penicillin G, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamycin, streptomycin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim (MIC90 ranging from 0.25 to $4{\mu}g/mL$). All strains were negative amino acid-decarboxylase for lysis of biogenic amines in screening medium. For fermentation in Moo som broth, a relatively high maximum growth rate of KL102 and TISIR543 resulted in a generation time than in the other strains (p<0.05). These strain counts were constant during the end of fermentation. Similarly, KL102 or TISIR543 addition supported increases of lactic acid bacterial count and total acidity in Moo som fermentation. For biogenic amine reduction, tyramine, putrescine, histamine and spermine contents in Moo som decreased significantly by the addition KL102 during 1 d of fermentation (p<0.05). In final product, histamine, spermine and tryptamine contents in Moo som inoculated with KL102 were lower amount those with TISIR543 (p<0.05). Conclusion: KL102 was a suitable starter culture to reduce the biogenic amine formation in Moo som.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권2호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether components of the ProVent model can predict the high medical costs in Korean patients requiring at least 21 days of mechanical ventilation (prolonged mechanical ventilation [PMV]). Methods: Retrospective data from 302 patients (61.6% male; median age, 63.0 years) who had received PMV in the past 5 years were analyzed. To determine the relationship between medical cost per patient and components of the ProVent model, we collected the following data on day 21 of mechanical ventilation (MV): age, blood platelet count, requirement for hemodialysis, and requirement for vasopressors. Results: The mortality rate in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 31.5%. The average medical costs per patient during ICU and total hospital (ICU and general ward) stay were 35,105 and 41,110 US dollars (USD), respectively. The following components of the ProVent model were associated with higher medical costs during ICU stay: age <50 years (average 42,731 USD vs. 33,710 USD, p=0.001), thrombocytopenia on day 21 of MV (36,237 USD vs. 34,783 USD, p=0.009), and requirement for hemodialysis on day 21 of MV (57,864 USD vs. 33,509 USD, p<0.001). As the number of these three components increased, a positive correlation was found betweeen medical costs and ICU stay based on the Pearson's correlation coefficient (${\gamma}$) (${\gamma}=0.367$, p<0.001). Conclusion: The ProVent model can be used to predict high medical costs in PMV patients during ICU stay. The highest medical costs were for patients who required hemodialysis on day 21 of MV.