• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.289-298
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to predict the changes in the duration of hospital stay, hospital admission fee, costs of drugs, changes in laboratory cost, material cost, total medical cost, adjusted amount of treatment and the efficacy of obstetrics and gynecology DRG system. The cost of drugs showed the greatest change and was followed by materials for medical examinations and the change in methods of medical examinations. In the analysis of the quantity of medical service the profit of medical examinations were influenced mostly by the duration of hospital stay. The results and data in this study could be used as a basis of future DRG system protocols and will be utilized so that hospitals can build a efficient medical system.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 1994

Recently, as application fields of software is extended, relative importance of software make a gradual increase and importance of development cost is being increased. However, as former evaluation model of development cost evaluate at the functional point of view for the most part, at this paper, I intend to propose evaluation model of software development cost COSMOS-Q(COSt MOdel for Subcontract-Quality) which one evaluate also in quality as well as function. The model proposed in this paper set the goal at software orderer evaluate software cost exactly with only order specification information. At this paper, I proposed cost evaluation model and evaluated it's validity refering to review result in ISO/SC7 about a software quality feature with extraction of quality feature factor which produce change of cost and set up the evaluation measure adoptable as order condition.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.123-135
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• 2008

The online advertising industry's business model undertakes the change from CPM (cost-per-mille)-based to CPC(cost-per-click)-based. However, due to the problem of 'Click Fraud', CPA (cost-per-action) has been regarded as a new step. For CPA, publishers need to get information after a user clicks an advertisement. Therefore, in CPA, the key is to get Conversion Action Data (CAD). This paper introduces two existing mechanisms for getting CAD, compare their characteristics, and analyze their limitations. Then the two new mechanisms are introduced and their requirements and feasibility are analyzed. Lastly, we compare the existing two and the new two mechanisms, and point out each mechanism's business possibility, value and Application Area. This paper will help publishers choose the most appropriate mechanism on the basis of their situation.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.70-94
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• 1999

This paper was performed for a cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmacologic treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Agents modeled were cholestyramine, gemfibrozil. bezafibrate, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin. Pharmacologic effectiveness was estimated by regression from reported clinical trials. Pharmacologic effects were expressed as the percent change of blood cholesterol level. Cost estimates included patients' travel expenses and time loss as well as resource consumption in the health care sector. Bezafibrate was the most efficient agent for reducing total cholesterol levels, having an cost over 1 year of ￦31.400 per percent reduction in total cholesterol. Simvastatin (10mg/d) was also efficient(￦33,100 per percent reduction). Chole styramine(8g/d) was least efficient at ￦90,200. For low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. simvastatin(10mg/d) was most efficient, at ￦23,200 per percent reduction, followed by lovastatin(20mg/d) at ￦28,000. Gemfibrozil was least efficient at ￦77,800 per percent reduction. For high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. bezafibrate(400mg/d) was most efficient at ￦39,300 per percent increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cholestyramine was least efficient at ￦514,700. Analyses combining low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density cholesterol effects suggest that bezafibrate(600mg/d) and simvastatin (10mg/d) were most efficient for reducing cardiovascular risk. The cost-effectiveness analysis results show that both simvastatin and bezafibrate could be efficient treatment. Simvastatin provide more effective treatment at higher cost, whereas bezafibrate is more cost-effective, as it may be less effective, at lower cost. Therefore, clinicians should choose reasonable treatment according to the patient's needs This pharmacoeconimc analysis will provide a guideline for efficient pharmacologic treatment and also be reference data for pricing new drugs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.620-627
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• 2010

This study for construction of golf courses is to present basic information and pattern of change of construction cost by looking at the capacity of construction, requiring time and other aspects. The propose of this study is to develop the model of brief cost expected by using cost index and analyzing the actual work cost data gathered in golf course construction industry in Korea. The equation used for the cost-capacity index in other to deliver the expected construction cost is followed next. The results of this study, by regression analysis for the information of 7 golf courses, it could be found the cost-capacity index n, such as 0.72 for whole construction, 0.67 for net construction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.413-428
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• 2013

In this study, Ant Colony Algorithm(ACO) was used for optimal model. ACO which are metaheuristic algorithm for combinatorial optimization problem are inspired by the fact that ants are able to find the shortest route between their nest and food source. For applying the model to water distribution systems, pipes, tanks(reservoirs), pump construction and pump operation cost were considered as object function and pressure at each node and reservoir level were considered as constraints. Modified model from Ostfeld and Tubaltzev(2008) was verified by applying 2-Looped, Hanoi and Ostfeld's networks. And sensitivity analysis about ant number, number of ants in a best group and pheromone decrease rate was accomplished. After the verification, it was applied to real water network from S water treatment plant. As a result of the analysis, in the Two-looped network, the best design cost was found to $419,000 and in the Hanoi network, the best design cost was calculated to $6,164,384, and in the Ostfeld's network, the best design cost was found to $3,525,096. These are almost equal or better result compared with previous researches. Last, the cost of optimal design for real network, was found for 66 billion dollar that is 8.8 % lower than before. In addition, optimal diameter for aged pipes was found in this study and the 5 of 8 aged pipes were changed the diameter. Through this result, pipe construction cost reduction was found to 11 percent lower than before. And to conclusion, The least cost design model on water distribution system was developed and verified successfully in this study and it will be very useful not only optimal pipe change plan but optimization plan for whole water distribution system.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.55-81
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• 2007

Most studies on $CO_2$ abatement cost with a computational general equilibrium(CGE) model focus on a specific country. On the contrary, this study compares and analyses the $CO_2$ abatement cost functions across 20 countries, consisting of OECD countries, China and Brazil, with a CGE model. For this purpose, we estimate the GDP loss from $CO_2$ emission reduction, assuming the 4 sector model. Our findings show that those cost curves are convex but different among the countries. However, despite of the difference in the cost curios, we have found that one group of countries has the relatively constant average abatement cost and the other group has the increasing average cost. The reason why such a pattern occurs is explained in terms of the variations of value-added and $Co_2$ emission coefficient by sector across the countries. As an environmental policy implication, this study presents information about which country is similar to one another in terms of the abatement cost.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.287-290
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• 1999

This paper describes an optimal design method of VSI output filter for CVCF system. The cost function is used for design, and all parameters are described in p.u(per unit) so that can be adapted to the change of CVCF rating. The capacitor current feedback scheme is proposed to control the damping ratio of the filter plant to meet the system more stable. This means that the LC resonance can be suppressed well in transient condition and can use the same control gains under the change of system capacity. The validity of the proposed method is well verified with the theoretical analysis and simulation results.

• 한국컴퓨터산업교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.75-78
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• 2003

An ideal semiconductor memory technology would combine or unify the attractive features of these technologies without acquiring any of the unattractive features. Such a memory technology, Phase Change RAM is now being developed using the class of elements known as chalcogenides. It is expected that this technology will eventually allow chips that have SRAM speed, DRAM cost, and Flash power characteristics and non-volatility.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.606-612
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• 2011

At the product design and development stage, the main criteria selecting a design alternative were performance aspect as well as cost aspect of a product. Ongoing new paradigm shifts such as low carbon green growth, climate change mitigation, sustainable society development urged considering environmental aspect of a product at the product design and development stage. Up to recently, only cost aspect except performance of a product was considered at the railway vehicle design process. Therefore, it is needed to develop a method that may consider environmental aspect of a product at the railway vehicle design process. Lee (2011) proposed that a method of an integration assessment of environmental aspect and cost aspect based on GHG emission instead of based on monetary value. This study conducted that apply the method of Lee (2011) to design alternative selection process of a railway vehicle. From the integrated view of environmental and cost aspect, the reference product and design alternatives are assessed and compared.