• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.357-366
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the diabetes self-care (DSM) knowledge, DSM competence, DSM behavior, and quality of life according to HbA1c control in diabetic elderly. The participants were 205 diabetes elderly who visited the citizen health promotion center located in D city, Korea. Data were collected from April, 4 to August 31 2015, and were analyzed by the t-test and chi-squared test using IBM SPSS 23.0. The mean scores of DSM knowledge, DSM competence, DSM behavior and quality of life were $50.61{\pm}16.39$, $71.27{\pm}10.21$, $62.78{\pm}1.29$ and $0.86{\pm}0.11$, respectively. Additionally, DSM behavior (t=2.17, p=0.031), education level (t=11.80, p=0.0019) l, BMI (t=0.001, p=0.012), and number of visits to citizen health center (t=16.497, p=0.001) differed significantly between the controlled HbA1c group and uncontrolled HbA1C group. However, ANCOVA revealed that the level of HbA1c did not affect the DSM behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and apply a DSM education program that reflects the characteristics knowledge level of the elderly. In addition, healthcare institutions with high accessibility in terms of distance and cost to guide and manage desirable diabetic self-care behaviors should be provided everywhere.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.39-60
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• 1996

A variety of searcher traits, characteristics, subject background and behaviors have been the subject of investigations exploring various hypotheses relating to searching performances. Previous studies have focused on searchers personal characteristics such as training, experience, subject knowledge, intelligence, cognitive style, attitude and searching style, Each of these factors is examined in this paper in order to find out searcher's personal characteristics affecting searching performance. Surprisingly, searching training and experience have not been found to influence searching performance. The hypothesis that intellectual ability correlates with the ability to online search seems to have little effect Various cognitive styles of searchers were tested to find out whether they relate to search results. Only FD/Fl cognitive style were found to be significant in relation to search results. Searchers showed a variety of attitudes about online searching. They revealed sensitivity toward searching charges. The attitude toward charges was reflected on the searching behavior. The sensitive searchers tend to conduct cost-effective searches, Searching styles of intermediaries were characterized as interactive and fast batch. It was found that experienced searchers prefer simple searches which do not explore the interactive capabilities of online system. In summary, previous studies have confirmed that there are apparently great individual differences among online searchers in searching behaviors as well as attitudes. But relationships between these individual differences and search performance were too weak to be significant.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.533-542
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• 2014

In design standards such as AASHTO LRFD and Korea Highway Bridge Design, the dynamic behaviors under the impact loading has not been considered and it recommends of using a static force for designing bridge column against vehicle collisions. Accordingly, in this study, models of vehicle collisions to concrete bridge column were developed with various boundary conditions in order to take into account dynamic behaviour of the column. Cargo trucks of 10tons, 16tons and 38tons were selected and a typical type of concrete bridge pier column along the Kyungbu highway in Korea was selected for this study. Results from this study indicate that the static load specified in the design standards are too small compared to results obtained in this study. It was also found that a consideration of the bridge superstructure allowed smaller damages of concrete bridge pier column under truck impact loadings. Furthermore, a comparison study of direct impact analysis of vehicle to bridge-column with in-direct impact analysis using load-time history functions was performed. The in-direct impact analysis shows that the use of load-time history graph improves the computational cost up to 92% and predict the behaviors of the bridge column under the impact loadings well. The obtained load-time history graph could be easily applied to several existing models.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.169-180
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• 2017

China's mobile communication market has been growing quantitatively and qualitatively since 2000. Currently, it has secured 1.27 billion mobile subscribers and many of the Korean companies try to enter the Chinese market and cooperation with companies in China is being held. Thus understanding of the Chinese markets is the key to better prepare for future international competition. This study is to identify factors affecting switching intentions and behaviors for Chinese mobile subscribers to other mobile service providers by the PPM and it is to derive correlations between strategies of mobile service providers and users' switching intention by the groups classified by ARPU. We conducted a survey targeting 270 Chinese mobile users and analyze it by using Smart PLS 2.0. In conclusion, push effects have positive influence on intention to switching and relational switching cost among mooring effect have significantly negative influence on intention to switching In particular, intention to switching depending on the groups classified by a level of their ARPU have been shown as significantly different. This study will extend theoretical range of PPM theory in explaining users' switching behaviors and contribute to establish strategies to enter the chinese market.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2011

In the recent years, malicious codes called malware are having shown significant increase due to the code obfuscation to evade detection mechanisms. When the code obfuscation technique is applied to malwares, they can change their instruction sequence and also even their signature. These malwares which have same functionality and different appearance are able to evade signature-based AV products. Thus, AV venders paid large amount of cost to analyze and classify malware for generating the new signature. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for detecting metamorphic malwares. The proposed mechanism first converts malware's API call sequences to call graph through dynamic analysis. After that, the callgraph is converted to semantic signature using 128 abstract nodes. Finally, we extract all subgraphs and analyze how similar two malware's behaviors are through subgraph similarity. To validate proposed mechanism, we use 273 real-world malwares include obfuscated malware and analyze 10,100 comparison results. In the evaluation, all metamorphic malwares are classified correctly, and similar module behaviors among different malwares are also discovered.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2005

This study investigated the medicines prescribed in dental services in order to provide information and materials on dental clinics and hospitals, for the intention of leading the dental circle to make efforts for voluntary improvement, do adequate prescription, and attempt for bench marking through this unfolding of their tendency in continuous prescription behaviors, and leading the people to have a right recognition on adequate medicine use through this information on their medicine-taking behaviors including antibiotics and injections. From the records of outpatient prescriptions of medicines under health insurance over the period of June 1st to September 31th in 2003 in the 34,226 recuperation institutions, antibiotics and injections were analyzed into administration days, prescription frequency, medicine cost per administration day, the number of medicines per prescription, and the number weight of high priced medicines. The findings were as below: 1. Adminstration days of antibiotics was 90.11% in the dental clinics, which was a decrease than the same quarter and the previous quarter of the previous year. While the prescription frequency of antibiotics was 15.5%, higher than the same quarter and the previous quarter of the previous year. In dental hospitals, administration days and prescription frequency of antibiotics were 71.57% and 21.05%, respectively, a little higher than the previous quarter. Compared to other kind of recuperation institutions, dental clinics and hospitals had higher administration days and lower prescription frequency. 2. For injections, adminstration days and prescription frequency in dental clinics were 0.13% and 0.05%, respectively, which were decreases than the same quarter of the previous year. In dental hospitals, adminstration days and prescription frequency were 1.03% and 0.88%, respectively, a little lower than those of the previous quarter. Compared to other kind of recuperation institutions, dental clinics and hospitals were very lower in injection administration days and injection prescription frequency. 3. The number of prescribed medicines was 2.79 in the dental clinics, which was lower than the same quarter of the previous year but higher than the previous quarter. Dental hospitals put 2.67 numbers of medicines per prescription, an increase than the same quarter of the previous year and the previous quarter. Compared to other kind of recuperation institutions, dental clinics and hospitals put smaller number of medicines per prescription. 4. Medicine cost per administration day was 863 won in the dental clinics, which was an increase than the same quarter of the previous year and in the previous quarter. Compared to other kind of recuperation institutions, dental clinics and hospitals had lower medicine cost per administration day. 5. The number weight of high priced medicines was 46.43% in dental clinics, which was an increase than the previous quarter. In dental hospitals, it was 54.05%, so remarkable an increase than the previous quarter. Compared to other kind of hospitals and clinics, dental clinics and hospitals prescribed larger number of high priced medicines. 6. By districts, the frequency of antibiotics prescriptions was the highest in Kwanju and the lowest in Daejeon. The frequency of injection prescriptions was high in all Youngnam districts as was in the second quarter, while low in all the Metropolitan districts. There was a large variation in the prescription frequency to the districts, as the district of the highest prescription frequency had more than 2 times larger frequency than the district of the lowest frequency. Medicine cost per administration day was the highest in Ulsan but the lowest in the north part of Cholla province. The number of medicines per prescription was the largest in Kyonggi province while the smallest in Cheju-do.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.133-146
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to develop a supply chain-based freight distribution channel choice model considering shippers' logistics behaviors which will be used for freight demand estimation. For this purpose, this study utilized the distribution channel data of the petrochemical and automobile industries collected by KTDB center. The distribution channel choice models for these industries were developed by including transport mode, time, cost, and shipment size. It was found that the multinomial logit model with transport cost, time and shipment size is the best, and as shipment increases, bigger transport mode is preferred. Generally direct distribution channel with small truck was preferred over the one using distribution center and/or big truck.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.119-130
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of DVR(Driving Video Recorder) operation on decreasing the number of traffic accidents, the cost of traffic accident claim, and the behavioral change in drivers' driving. The data for this research are obtained from taxi drivers in Busan. For this, Structural Equation Model and two-way ANOVA are employed for empirical analysis. Overall results of this study show that the number of traffic accidents of 4 taxi corporations in Busan has decreased by average 32.7 percent after using DVRs. In addition, as to the cost of taxi accident claims, it is expected that the DVR operation has a considerable effect on economic benefits of taxi corporations. Moreover, this study could make clear the difference in behaviors between DVR users and non-users, and discriminate the positive and negative impacts of the DVR operation on the drivers' driving behavior. The study quantitatively examined the indirect impact of 'attitude', 'subject norm' and 'behavioral control' factors on planned 'behavior', and the direct impact of 'behavioral control' factor on the planned 'behavior'. This study suggests that they should add the video recoding function of DVRs when operation recorder(blackbox for the car) is obligatorily set up on cars for business by traffic security law.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.193-206
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• 2015

The purposes of this paper are to investigate the impact of managers' agency problem on asymmetrical behavior of SG&C and to examines whether or not the corporate governance mechanisms can have any moderating effects on Asymmetrical behavior of SG&C. To test empirically the above mentioned purposes, we gathered firm-year data of manufacturing firms from 2007 to 2012 and the sample firms are listed on the Korean Stock Exchange. The findings of this research are summarized as follows: Firstly, for those firms whose agency problems are high, the stickiness of SG&A increases as sales variation. The results imply that managers are not willing to reduce their perquisite consumption in proportion with sales reduction. Secondly, we investigate how corporate governance mechanisms influence the cost stickiness behaviors of SG&A for those firms whose agency problem are high(above the median value of free cash flow used as a proxy of agency problem). The results are that as the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms improve the cost stickiness of SG&A mitigation except for the insider ownership. These results show that agency problem has impact on the asymmetrical behavior of SG&A. And effective governance mechanisms have moderate effects on the reducing stickiness behavior of SG&A caused by agency problem.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6C
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• pp.251-258
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• 2011

Steel pipe piles have been used as various deep foundation materials for a long time. Recent increase in steel material cost has made engineers reluctant in using it even with its good quality and ease of construction. Therefore when constructing with steel pipe pile, the decision to reuse the excessive pile length that is cut off from the designed pile head elevation after pile driving can be cost saving. This has caused many constructors to reuse the pile leftovers with new piles, but the absence of quantitative structural capacity behaviors of steel pipe pile after pile driving or appropriate countermeasures and standards in reusing steel pipe pile has resulted in wrong applications, pile structural integrity problems, inappropriate limitation of reusable pile length, etc. The structural performance analysis between a new pile and a pile that has undergone working state and ultimate state stress level during pile driving was performed in this research by means of comparing the results between the dynamic pile load test, tensile load test, charpy energy test and fatigue test for high strength steel of $440N/mm^2$ yield strength. Test results show that under working load conditions the yield strength variation is less than 2% and for ultimate load conditions the variation is less than 5% for maximum total blow count of 3000. The results have been statistically analyzed to check the sensitivity of each factors involved. From the test results, reusability of steel pipe pile lies not in the main pipe yield strength deviation but in the reduction of absorb energy, strength changes and quality control at the welded section, shape deformation and local buckling during pile driving.