• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-57
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• 2015

In recent years, for the purpose of solving the problem regarding environment protection and resource saving, certain measures and policies have been promoted to establish a reverse supply chains (RSCs) with material flows from collection of used products to reuse the recycled parts in production of products. It is necessary to analyze behaviors of RSC members to determine the optimal operation. This paper discusses a RSC with a retailer and a manufacturer and verifies the behavior strategies of RSC members which may change over time in response to changes parameters related to the recycling promotion activity in RSC. A retailer takes two behaviors: cooperation/non-cooperation in recycling promotion activity. A manufacturer takes two behaviors: monitoring/non-monitoring of behaviors of the retailer. Evolutionary game theory combining the evolutionary theory of Darwin with game theory is adopted to clarify analytically evolutionary outcomes driven by a change in each behavior of RSC members over time. The evolutionary stable strategies (ESSs) for RSC members' behaviors are derived by using the replicator dynamics. The analysis numerically demonstrates how parameters of the recycling promotion activity: (i) sale promotion cost, (ii) monitoring cost, (iii) compensation and (iv) penalty cost affect the judgment of ESSs of behaviors of RSC members.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 합법복제와 비교한 불법복제에 대한 상대적인 인식을 중심으로, 온라인 디지털콘텐츠 불법복제의 영향요인을 규명하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 기존 문헌과 행동예측이론 기반의 선행연구들에서 주요하게 제시되었던 요인들을 통합하여 비용-편익관점에서 접근하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 합법복제에 비해 불법복제를 통해 얻을 수 있는 상대적 이익에 관한 결과로, 금전적 효용과 심리적 효용은 불법복제에 대한 태도 및 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 금전적 효용은 불법복제행동의 주요 요인으로 나타나 불법복제를 행하는 이유가 금전적인 이유에 있음을 보여준다. 둘째, 불법복제의 상대적 손실요인 중 도덕적 비용은 불법복제태도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 결정 요인으로 확인되었으며, 기술적 비용은 불법복제행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 불법복제에 대한 태도와 복제행동은 밀접한 영향관계임이 확인되었다. 이는 태도가 의도를 매개하지 않고도 행동을 이끄는 선행요인이 될 수 있음을 보여주는 결과라 하겠다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was aimed to estimate nursing cost for hemodialysis of tertiary hospitals using Resource Based Relative Value Scale(RVRBS). Method: First, we calculated nursing workload of the each hemodialysis-nursing behaviors compared with basic nursing behavior(check vital sign) for the most severe hemodialysis patients in general hospitals. Second, we measured each spent time according to each nursing behaviors. Third, we computed Resource Based Relative Value(RBRV) scores and nursing expenses of each 14 nursing behavior for hemodialysis. Finally, we estimated nursing cost of each hemodialysis-behavior for the most severe hemodialysis-patients in general hospitals. Result: The mean RBRV scores for each nursing behaviors were from 218.9 to 383.9 points. The highest RBRV socres were 383.9(Complication during hemodialysis). The Nursing behavior that spent the most time was "access the vascular( 31.7 minutes)". Nursing cost per hemodialysis for the patient with severe condition was estimated 63,455(won). Conclusion: Total average workload was 347.6 points and total spent time was 306.5 minutes for 14 hemodialysis nursing behaviors provided to severe patients. There were clear differences in nursing workload and cost according to patient's severity-mild, moderate and severe class.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1104-1114
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• 2014

In large-scale crowd simulations, it is very important for the decision-making system of manipulating interactive behaviors to minimize the computational cost for controlling realistic behaviors such as collision avoidance. In this paper, we propose a large-scale realtime crowd simulation method using the affordance and navigation potential fields such as attractive and repulsive forces of electromagnetic fields. In particular, the model that we propose locally handles the realistic interactions between agents, and thus radically reduces the cost of expensive computation on interactions which has been the most problematic in crowd simulation. Our method is widely applicable to the expression and analysis of various crowd behaviors that are needed in behavior control in computer games, crowd scenes in movies, emergent behaviors of evacuation, etc.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how strategically the bilaterally monopolistic firms, only-one-seller and only-one-buyer, behave in a situation in which each firm has uncertain information on its opponent firm's cost. Even though the two firms know that seeking integrated profit leads to the optimized profit for both firms, each firm has an incentive to opportunistically behave to increase its share of the integrated profit. These opportunistic behaviors of the firms are analyzed through a game theoretic approach especially finding Nash equilibrium mixed strategies for the strategic profiles such as true-report or not and monitoring or not. The comparative statics to the Nash equilibrium mixed strategies shows that as the profit share increases the probability of monitoring an opponent firm is decreased while the probability increases as the size of the overstated production cost increases. This study also shows that high penalty and low monitoring cost lead to high probability to tell the truth of the production cost.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.554-566
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify the consumption values of 20's and 30's female consumers, identify the differences among the consumption value groups, and analyze purchase behaviors of imported fashion luxury brands according to the consumption value types. The subjects were 518 women who purchased luxury bags. The results of the study were as follows. First, as a result of cluster analysis to classify the consumption values of 20's and 30's female consumers, 4 groups were identified as "rare and emotional pursuit group", "functional pursuit group", "fashion pursuit group", and "social and conspicuous pursuit group". Second, 4 groups showed different luxury bag purchase behaviors, such as purchase motivation, purchase selection criteria, information source, purchase frequency, purchase cost of one time, purchase cost of year, the number of possession, purchase place, and store selection criteria. Third, rare and emotional pursuit group ranked the first in terms of product, price, and store satisfaction. Therefore, consumption values were identified as the important factor suggesting purchase behaviors of female consumers in 20's and 30's.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1985

Periodic replacement policies are proposed for a system whose repair cost, when it fails, can be estimated by inspection. The system is replaced when it reaches age T (Policy A), or when it fails for the first time after age T (Policy B). If it fails before reaching age T, the repair cost is estimated and minimal repair is then undertaken if the estimated cost is less than a predetermined limit L; otherwise, the system is replaced. The expected cost rate functions are obtained, their behaviors are examined, and ways of obtaining optimal T and L are explored.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2022

The goal of this study is to understand better the relationship between hospital bed occupancy rate and cost rigidity as a proxy for the degree of hospital bed congestion, as well as the relationship between the risk of changes in hospital bed occupancy rate and congestion cost, targeting public hospitals. As public hospitals for analysis, we selected hospital projects from the Public Enterprises Survey Reports published by the Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Finance, and obtained unbalanced panel data consisting of 1,505 hospitals and 15 years, totaling 12,595 hospitals and years. The analysis revealed that the risk of changes in the bed occupancy rate increases the degree of cost rigidity and leads to a decrease in the variable cost ratio; furthermore, an increase in the bed occupancy rate decreases the degree of cost rigidity and leads to an increase in the variable cost ratio. These findings suggest that although public hospitals are taking managerial actions to avoid congestion costs, congestion costs resulting from higher bed occupancy rates have not been eliminated. The regression analysis results show that even if congestion costs arise as the occupancy rate increases, they are covered by the increase in revenue associated with the increase in the occupancy rate.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2003

Purpose : This study wad aimed to estimate nursing cost for hemodialysis of secondary hospitals using Resource Based Relative Value Scale(RVRBS). Method : The first, calculated nursing workload for the hemodialysis of secondary hospitals. Second, measured each spent time according to 14 nursing behaviors. Third, computed Resource Based Relative Value(RBRV) scores and nursing expenses of hemodialysis nurse. Finally, estimated nursing cost for hemodialysis of secondary hospitals, Result & Conclusion : The mean RBRV scores for each nursing behaviors were from 218.9 to 383.9 point(mean=312.7). The high RBRV socres were 383.9(Complication during hemodialysis), 353.7(Access patient vascular), 345.7 (Patient Teaching). Nursing cost for hemodialysis was estimated 23,234(won).

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate bag purchase behaviors according to materialism value. The subjects were 443 male and female adult consumers in their 20s to 50s. The research method was a survey, and the questionnaire consisted of questions on materialism value, bag purchase behaviors, and demographic characteristics. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Cronbach's α, χ² test, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test were performed. The results of this study were as follows. First, materialism value was derived from three factors (happiness pursuit, possession-oriented, and success judgment). Second, subjects could be divided into three groups (happiness pursuit group, success judgment pursuit group, and immaterialism group) based on the materialism value variable. Third, the derived groups showed many differences in bag purchase behaviors. The happiness pursuit group considered all bag evaluation criteria factors (practicality, aesthetics, economy, symbolism) and bag purchasing information sources factors (mass media and personal sources) more than other groups, and showed a tendency to prefer select shops and complex shopping malls as bag purchasing places. In addition, the average annual cost and frequency of purchasing bags of this group were higher than those of other groups. The success judgment pursuit group considered symbolism as a bag evaluation criteria more than other groups, and considered personal sources as bag purchasing information sources more than mass media sources, and preferred luxury stores and department stores as bag purchasing places. On the other hand, the immaterialism group considered practicality and aesthetics as bag evaluation criteria and placed less importance on all information sources than other groups, and preferred Internet shopping malls as purchasing places. This group had the lowest average annual purchase cost and frequency among the three consumer groups. This study suggested that materialism value is a useful variable to segment male and female adult consumer markets effectively, and to understand the bag purchase behaviors of consumer groups divided by materialism value.