• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.643-649
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• 2018

Recently, together with advancement of domestic aviation industry, overseas tourists using planes have been soared. This study aimed to investigate the risk of diseases for the passengers and flight attendants from the exposed cosmic radiation during the flight by domestic and international literature reviews, as follows. Airliners should develop the program to measure the actual radiation dose and prepare the portable devices for radiation measurement in flight to lower the accumulated dose of cosmic radiation by the attendants. Regulation should be prepared to check the exposed dose during the flight for the passengers by announcement of individual exposed radiation dose which has been provided only to the flight attendants. Passengers and flight attendants should recognize they are exposed to excessive cosmic radiation during the flight and civilians should be protected by the cosmic radiation when they use the flights, which should be prepared by the regulations.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced a global pandemic on March 12, 2020, the aviation industry in the world has been experiencing difficulties for a long time. Meanwhile, the Ukraine war broke out in February, and from March 15, domestic airlines must operate air routes bypassing Russian airspace despite the longer flight time. Therefore, as the flight time increases, the cosmic radiation exposure dose of the crew members is also expected to increase. Here we compare the radiation exposure dose between the route doses for the eastern United States and Europe before and after the detour route usage. Through the comparison analysis, we tried to understand how cosmic radiation changes depending on the flight time and the latitude and which one contributes more. We expect that this study can be used for the policy update for the safety management of cosmic radiation for aircrews in Korea.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the radiation dose data of the space crew of the flight crew and to present a plan for the health management of the flight crew on the basis of the analysis. The analysis show that the average exposure dose of the flight attendants continued to rise, and the exposure dose of the flight attendants was five(5) times higher than that of the radiation workers. As a way to reduce the effects of cosmic radiation, this paper suggests appropriate personnel allocation by model, balanced allocation of high and low latitude routes by crew according to the aircraft type, and a low altitude flight plan for high latitude flight. This study will help aviation crew members understand cosmic radiation and trust in the company's policies. In the future, it will be necessary to enhance the flight safety of the crew by deriving meaningful results by analyzing data related to cosmic radiation of various routes.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.755-762
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• 2023

우주방사선을 측정을 위해서는 측정장비의 신뢰성이 중요하다. 본연구는 이에 대한 실증으로 현재 우리나라에서 운영되고 있는 우주방사선 실측장비인 Liulin와 TEPC을 항공기에 탑재하여 인천과 로스엔젤레스 구간에서 측정하여 비교하였다. 또한 우주방사선량을 확인하기 위해서는 사전에 예측프로그램을 통한 분석이 필요하므로 FAA가 개발한 CARI-6M과 우리나라의 KREAM 프로그램을 사용하여 예측치를 도출하였다. 검증결과 2개의 장비는 허용수준인 20% 이내로 장비 신뢰도에 문제가 없었다. 또한, 예측프로그램도 각각의 차이가 매우 미세한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 예측프로그램의 예측값과 실측치와는 큰 차이를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 이에 대한 보정이나 지속적인 연구를 통하여 예측치가 실측치와 유사하도록 프로그램을 보완하는 것이 요구된다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2022

Cosmic radiation exposure of the flight crews in Korea has been managed by Radiation Safety Management around Living Life Act under Nuclear Safety and Security Commission. However, the domestic flight crews are excluded from the Act because of relatively low route dose exposure compared to that of international flight crews. But we found that the accumulated total annual dose of domestic flight crews is far from negligible because of relatively long total flight time and too many flights. In this study, to suggest the necessity of management of domestic flight crews' radiation exposure, we statistically analyzed domestic flight crew's accumulative annual dose by using cosmic radiation estimation models of the Civil Aviation Research Institute (CARI)-6M, Nowcast of Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation for Aviation Safety (NAIRAS), and Korean Radiation Exposure Assessment Model (KREAM) and compared with in-situ measurements of Liulin-6K LET spectrometer. As a result, the average exposure dose of domestic flight crews was found to be 0.5-0.8 mSv. We also expect that our result might provide the basis to include the domestic flight crews as radiation workers, not just international flight attendants.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2009

Cosmic ray is composed of nuclear particles moving at a light speed. The cosmic ray affects the performance and the reliability of semiconductor devices by ionizing the semiconductor material. In this study, the radiation effects of protons, electrons, and photons, which compose the cosmic ray, on the GOS(Geostationary Orbit Satellite) were evaluated using the Monte-Carlo N-Particle code. The GOS was chosen due to the comparatively long exposure to the cosmic ray as it stays in the geostationary orbit more than 10 years. As the absorbed dose of semiconductor from electrons is much larger than those of protons, photons, and the secondary radiation, most of the radiation exposure of the semiconductors in the GOS results from that of electrons. When we compare the calculated absorbed dose with the radio-resistance of semiconductor, the Intel 486 of the Intel company is not suitable for the GOS applications due to its low radio-resistance. However RH3000-20 of MIPS and Motorola 602/603e can be applied to the Satellite when the aluminium shield is thicker than 3 mm.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2018

Humans received an exposure dose of 2.4 mSv of natural radiation per year, of which the contribution of spacecraft accounts for about 75%. The crew of the aircraft has increased radiation exposure doses based on cosmic radiation safety management regulations There is no reference to air passengers. Therefore, in this study, we measured the radiation exposure dose received in the sky at high altitude during flight, and tried to compare the radiation exposure dose received by ordinary people during flight. We selected 20 sample specimens, including major tourist spots and the capital by continent with direct flights from Incheon International Airport. Using the CARI-6/6M model and the NAIRAS model, which are cosmic radiation prediction models provided at the National Radio Research Institute, we measured the cosmic radiation exposure dose by the selected flight and departure/arrival place. In the case of exposure dose, Beijing was the lowest at $2.87{\mu}Sv$ (NAIRAS) and $2.05{\mu}Sv$ (CARI - 6/6M), New York had the highest at $146.45{\mu}Sv$ (NAIRAS) and $79.42{\mu}Sv$ (CARI - 6/6M). We found that the route using Arctic routes at the same time and distance will receive more exposure dose than other paths. While the dose of cosmic radiation to be received during flight does not have a decisive influence on the human body, because of the greater risk of stochastic effects in the case of frequent flights and in children with high radiation sensitivity Institutional regulation should be prepared for this.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.1052-1060
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• 2023

The airborne radiation monitoring has been used in geophysics for more than forty years and now it also has its important role in emergency monitoring. The aircraft background and the cosmic gamma-rays contribute to the measured gamma spectrum on the aircraft board. This adverse effect should be eliminated before the data processing. The paper describes two semiparametric methods to estimate the full spectrum aircraft background and cosmic gamma-ray contribution from spectra measured at altitudes where terrestrial contribution is negligible. The methods only assume to know possible peak positions in spectra and their full width at half maximum, that can be easily obtained e.g. from terrestrial measurement. The methods were applied to real experimental data acquired on Mi-17 and Bell 412 helicopter boards. The IRIS airborne gamma-ray spectrometer, with 4×4 L NaI(Tl) crystals, produced by Pico Envirotec Inc., Canada, was used on helicopters' boards. To obtain valid estimate of the aircraft background and the cosmic contribution, the measurements over sea and large water areas were carried out. However, the satisfactory results over inland were also achieved comparing with those acquired over large water areas.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.131-145
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• 1994

Cosmic Ray Experiment (CRE)는 KITSAT-1 의 여 러 module 중 하나로 Total D Dose Experiment (TDE) 와 Cosmic Particle Experiment (CPE) 두개의 sub-system 으로 구성되어 있다. CRE 의 목적은 KITSAT-1 궤도에서의 우주 환경을 조사하는 것이다. KITSAT-1 의 궤도는 inner Van Allen belt에 위치하며, 이 지역 에셔는 고에너지 proton들이 많이 분포하고 있어 위성체에 단기적인 또는 장기적인 radiation 효과를 미치고 있다. 1년여의 설험 결과로부터 Van Allen belt가 무척 안정되어 있고 태양의 활동이 CPE,TDE 및 SEU (Single Event Upset) rate 에 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었다. 또한 CREME code 에 의해 예상됐던 것보다 많은 고에너지 입자 flux가 관찰되었다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.215-236
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• 2016

본 논문은 항공부문 우주방사선 안전관리에 관한 적용 연구로써, 항공승무원 뿐만 아니라 항공교통이용자까지를 포괄한 연구로, 우리가 앞으로 심화할 것으로 예상되는 우주방사선 피폭에 대비해야 할 과제를 우선 제시하였다. 우리나라도 뒤늦게 우주방사선과 관련한 제도를 시행하고 있지만, 이에 대비한 강구책을 보다 실효성 있게 추진하기 위한 법률적인 개선뿐만 아니라 제도적인 측면을 보완 발전시키기 위한 다음과 같은 개선방안을 수행하여야 한다. 첫째, 국제기준에 부합한 선량한도의 적용이 필요하다. 이는 본 연구에서 언급한 우주방사선 선량한도 국제기준보다 우리나라 기준이 높거나 불합리하게 채택 적용하고 있기 때문에 국제권고를 초과하지 않는 범위로 재설정이 필요하다는 것이다. 둘째, 일반인에 대한 연간 유효 선량한도를 준수하기 위한 방법론이 필요하다. 왜냐하면 항공승무원만 명문화하고 일반인에 대해서는 배제하는 것은 국제방사선방호위원회에서 제시한 권고로, 우리나라는 "승무원에 대한 우주방사선 안전관리규정"에서도 일반인을 배제하여 제시하고 있다. 그러나 현재 항공법상에 항공교통이용자 보호기준이 있지만 항공권에 대한 피해예방만을 제시하고 있어서 국민건강을 위해할 수 있는 명분을 제공하고 있기 때문에 굳이 국제기준을 따르지 않는 개선이 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 법적으로나 제도적으로 시행될 수 있는 규제가 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 결론적으로 국제기준에 부합한 선량한도 설정과 모든 국민에게 우주방사선의 미소량이 항상 반응하고 있지만, 보다 많은 우주방사선이 공중 공간에 존재함에 따라 이의 누적량을 수치화한 개선방안이 법제화함으로써 우주방사선의 피폭으로부터 보호받을 수 있는 제도가 정착될 수 있을 것이다.