• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제3권
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• pp.181-189
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• 1985

부신(副腎)의 기능(機能)이 생식기관(生殖器官)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코자 21일령(日齡)의 암흰쥐(體重(체중): $58.7{\pm}3.53g$) 210마리를 정상(正常)흰쥐실험군(實驗群)(이하(以下) Int.-)과 부신척출실험군(副腎剔出實驗群)(이하(以下) Adx.-)으로 나누고, 각군(各群)을 다시 대조군(對照群)(이하(以下)-Cont.), PMS 투여군(投與群)(이하(以下) - PMS) 및 PMS와 cortisol의 병용투여군(이하(以下)-PMS+corti)의 3개군(個群)으로 나누어 35마리씩 배치(配置)한 다음 부신척출실험군(副腎剔出實驗群)에 대(對)하여 부신척출(副腎剔出)을 실시(實施)한 5일후(日後)(흰쥐 일령(日齡) : 26일(日))에 PMS투여군(投與群)에는 마리당 25IU의 PMS를, PMS와 Cortisol의 병용투여군에는 마리당 25IU의 PMS와 $30.0{\mu}g$의 Cortisol의 처리후(處理後) 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 78 및 84시간(時間)에 5마리씩 도살(屠殺)하여 생식기능(生殖機能)의 중량(重量)을 측정(測定)하였다. 1. 난소(卵巢)의 중량(重量)은 모든 처리군(處理群)이 처리후(處理後) 기간(期間)이 경과(經過)할수록 증가(增加)하여 전관찰시간(全觀察時間)에서 비교군간(比較群間)에 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)(P<0.01)이 인정(認定)되었으나 대조군(對照群)인 Int.-Cont. 군(群)과 Adx.-Cont. 군(群)은 변화(變化)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 다중검정결과(多重檢定結果) 부신(副腎)을 척출(剔出)한 Adx.-PMS군(群)과 Adx.-PMS+Corti. 군(群)은 정상(正常)흰쥐 실험군(實驗群)인 Int.-PMS군(群)과 Int.-PMS+Corti. 군(群)에 비하여 유의(有意)(P<0.05)하게 낮은 값을 보였고, Cortisol 투여(投與)에 따른 효과(效果)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 2. 자궁(子宮)의 중량(重量)은 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 비교군간(比較群間)에 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)(P<0.01)이 인정(認定)되었는데, 처리후(處理後) 66시간(時間)까지는 정상(正常)흰쥐 실험군(實驗群)인 Int.-PMS군(群)과 Int.-PMS+Corti.군(群)이 높은 값을 보였고, 72시간(時間) 후(後)부터는 반대(反對)로 부신척출실험군(副腎剔出實驗群)인 Adx.-PMS군(群)과 Adx.-PMS+Corti.군(群)이 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 다중검정결과(多重檢定結果) Int.-PMS군(群)과 Int.-PMS-Corti.군(群), 그리고 Adx.-PMS군(群)과 Adx.-PMS군(群)과 Adx.-PMS+Corti.군(群) 상호간(相互間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 3. 정상(正常)흰쥐 실험군(實驗群)에서의 부신(副腎)의 중량(重量)은 Int.-PMS 군(群)에서 근소(僅少)하게 높은 값을 나타냈으나 비교군간(比較群間)에는 통계적(統計的)인 유의성(有意性)은 인정(認定)되지 않았고, 조직소견(組織所見)에서도 특기(特記)할 만한 변화(變化)를 인지(認知)할 수 없었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2232-2239
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• 2012

본 논문은 개인별 $VO_2max$에 대한 운동 강도 $VO_2max$의 20%, 40%, 60% 운동 후 동일 휴식(30분)이 혈중 스트레스 호르몬인 코티솔과 카테콜라민의 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명 하고자 하였다. 피험자 10명을 선발하여 사전 실험인 예비테스트와 본 실험으로 나누어 실험에 임하였다. 가스분석기로 얻은 $VO_2max$를 자료로 사용하여 각각의 개인별 $VO_2max$에 대한 운동 강도를 구하여 실험에 임하였다. 본 실험은 반복측정으로 3개 조로 구분하여 실험하였으며 채혈은 운동전, 운동 직후, 휴식 30분 후에 채혈 하였다. 1회 실험마다 개인당 총 3회 채혈하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 운동 강도별 코티솔 혈중 농도는 $VO_2max$ 20%, 40%의 두 운동집단에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만 운동 강도 $VO_2max$ 60%에서는 유의 수준은 p=.002로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 운동 강도별 카테콜라민 혈중 농도는 $VO_2max$ 20%, 40%의 두 집단에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만 $VO_2max$ 60%에서 유의 수준은 p=.001로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 측정 시기별 운동 강도간 운동 직 후와 휴식기에 혈중 코티솔 농도의 변화율에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 넷째, 측정 시기별 운동 강도간 운동 직 후와 휴식기에 혈중 카테콜라민 농도의 변화율에서는 운동 직후 p=.000과 휴식기에서는 p=.034 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 운동 강도별 운동 후 동일 휴식에 있어서 $VO_2max$ 60%의 운동 집단에서만 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며 변화율에서도 $VO_2max$ 60%에서 코티솔과 카테콜라민의 변화율에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결과적으로 다양한 강도의 운동 후 휴식은 중등도 이상의 운동 강도에서만 휴식의 큰 효과를 볼 수 있었다. 즉 휴식은 중등도 운동에서 큰 의미가 없다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2018

Background: Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after cardiac surgery usually requires inotropes. In this setting, critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) may develop. We aimed to investigate the clinical features of CIRCI in the presence of LCOS and to assess the efficacy of steroid treatment. Methods: We reviewed 28 patients who underwent a rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test due to the suspicion of CIRCI between February 2010 and September 2014. CIRCI was diagnosed by a change in serum cortisol of <$9{\mu}g/dL$ after the ACTH test or a random cortisol level of <$10{\mu}g/dL$. Results: Twenty of the 28 patients met the diagnostic criteria. The patients with CIRCI showed higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores than those without CIRCI ($16.1{\pm}2.3$ vs. $11.4{\pm}3.5$, p=0.001). Six of the patients with CIRCI (30%) received glucocorticoids. With an average elevation of the mean blood pressure by $22.2{\pm}8.7mm\;Hg$ after steroid therapy, the duration of inotropic support was shorter in the steroid group than in the non-steroid group ($14.1{\pm}2.3days$ versus $30{\pm}22.8days$, p=0.001). Three infections (15%) developed in the non-steroid group, but this was not a significant between-group difference. Conclusion: CIRCI should be suspected in patients with LCOS after cardiac surgery, especially in patients with a high SOFA score. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy may be considered to reduce the use of inotropes without posing an additional risk of infection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.848-855
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• 2020

Objective: Shearing is one of the practices that is applied periodically to fiber producing animals, which can also alter resistance of animals to high temperatures in especially summer months. This study aimed to investigate effects of shearing on some physiological and hormonal parameters in Akkaraman sheep during summer season. Methods: This study was carried out on 39 non-pregnant Akkaraman ewes (aged 1.5 years at the beginning of experiment). The 39 ewes were chosen randomly from the flock belonging to the Erciyes University and they were assigned to two groups as follows: i) group A (n = 20) designed as the control group, they were shorn and group B (n = 19) designed as the experimental group, they were unshorn. Prior to the shearing (-1 day) and on days 1, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 following the shearing, blood samples were taken from the vena jugularis of each sheep. Cortisol, β-endorphin, growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T₄), triiodothyronine (T₃), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) concentrations were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method. Body weight (BW), rectal temperature (RT), pulse rate (PR), and respiratory rate (RR) of each sheep were recorded at the same time. The data obtained were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of shearing×period interaction (p<0.01) and a significant effect of period (p<0.01) on BW, HSP-70, cortisol, T₄ and RT, PR, GH, β-endorphin, T₃, respectively. Also these analysis showed no significant effect of shearing×period interaction or period on RR. Conclusion: The results showed that the thermoregulation abilities of sheep were affected by shearing treatment and the shorn ewes were less affected by heat stress. In conclusion, based on the data of this study, shearing can be considered as a necessary management practice that requires protection for sheep from the effect of heat stress.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.57-76
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• 2009

Objective : All kinds of stimulus can be work as a stressor, and too much stress can makes disease and leads to a death. It has studied to know what kinds of study have carried out for controlling stress with acupuncture. Methods : It has searched articles in various web sites with key words of acupuncture, stress, hormone, adrenal, cortisol, catecholamine, epinephrine, and ACTH. Result : 1. It will work in the hypothalamus-pituitary gland-adrenal axis to control stress with acupuncture. 2. It has studied most in the years of 1990's and with acupoint of BL23 (腎兪) about controlling stress with acupuncture in Korea. 3. It has studied most in USA, the years of 2000's and with acupoints of ST36 (足三里), PC6 (內關) about controlling stress with acupuncture in Korea. Conclusion : It can be said that is growing interest about controlling stress with acupuncture in other countries, and it should be studied more various about controlling stress with acupuncture in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.963-967
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• 2002

Eighteen crossbred goats were selected from the Institute's goat herd to determine the changes in hormones, blood metabolites and yield and composition of milk during lactation. The blood and milk samples were collected from each goat in a heparinized vacutainer tubes at fortnightly interval for a period of 150 days. In milk samples, fat, protein and lactose contents were estimated while in blood plasma hormones viz., prolactin, GH, cortisol, insulin, $T_4$ and $T_3$ were measured using radioimmunoassay methods. The plasma concentration of prolactin, GH and cortisol were high during early lactation when the goats acquired peak milk yield. During remainder of lactation their concentration varied. The high NEFA concentration during early lactation indicated mobilization of body reserves as the body weights also decrease during early lactation. However, with the advancement of lactation, the body weights of the goats and the concentration of NEFA declined which indicated utilization of NEFA for energy yielding purposes in addition to fatty acid synthesis. The ambient temperatures did not influence plasma concentration of prolactin, GH, insulin, $T_3$ and $T_4$ during the lactation cycle. The fat content of milk varied significantly (p<0.01) but protein and lactose content of milk remains unchanged during different stages of lactation. Growth hormone was positively correlated with insulin (p<0.05) during lactation while prolactin had a positive correlation with lactose and plasma NEFA (p<0.01) and negative correlation with $T_3$ (p<0.05).

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

This study was carried out to get a fundamental information for improvement of reproductive performance in gilt. We investigated the effects of breeds on body weight, age, body length, wither's height, girth and backfat thickness, and the serum concentrations of estradiol-17${\beta}$, cortisol and progesterone at first estrus and mating of gilts. A total of 47 gilts of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, produced at Livestock Experiment Station, Chungnam livestock sanitation research institute from 2000 through 2002, were used for this experiment. Body weight, age and girth of Duroc at frist estrus and mating were higher than those of Landrace and Yorkshire. There were no differences on body length among the three breeds at frist and mating. Wither's height of Duroc and Yorkshire at first estrus and mating was higher than that of Landrace. Backfat thickness of Yorkshire was thinnest among the three breeds at first estrus, but there were no differences on backfat thickness among the three breeds at first mating. Serum estradiol-17${\beta}$ concentration of Landrace(45.0 pg/ml) at first estrus was higher than that of Yorkshire(27.4 pg/ml) and Duroc(21.8 pg/ml), but there were no differences on estradiol-17${\beta}$ concentration (from 18.5 to 31.9 pg/ml) among the three breeds at first mating. Serum cortisol concentration of Duroc at first esturs and mating was higher than that of Landrace and Yorkshire. There were no differences on serum progesterone concentration among the three breeds at first estrus and mating of gilt.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.170-178
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• 1997

Background: The analgesic efficacy and safety of propacetamol, an injectable prodrug of acetoaminophen, in combination with intravenous morphine PCA were studied in 40 patients after gynecological surgery requiring lower abdominal incision. Methods: Using a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group design, the effects of four(every 6 hr) intravenous injections of 2 g propacetamol(=1 g acetoaminophen) were compared with four injections of placebo(PL) immediately after surgery. Efficacy of cumulative dose of morphine and number of boluses requested was assessed over 24 hours by automated recording on the PCA device. It was assessed on pain scores rated on a ten-point verbal scale along with vital signs, $K^+$, glucose, BUN, creatinine, PT and PTT were measured along with stress hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol). Results: There were no differences in demographic data between two groups. Propacetamol group demonstrated approximately 21% morphine sparing effect compared to placebo group($33.1{\pm}10.4$ mg vs $41.4{\pm}8.0$ mg). No significant differences noted in $K^+$, glucose, BUN, Creatinine, PT and PTT levels. There were significant increases in norepinephrine and cortisol in placebo group postoperatively, compared to preoperative values. At the same time, propacetamol group also showed significant changes in these hormones. Both group revealed high degree of patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Propacetamol showed significant morphine sparing effect to some degree. Side effects were much less in propacetamol group with subsequently high patient satisfaction. The secretion of stress hormone were not blocked by postoperative propacetamol injections. Authors concluded that propacetamol should be considered as an excellent adjuvant analgesics in postoperative pain control in opioid patient controlled analgesia.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.121-134
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• 1993

This study was conducted in order to study the anti-stress effect of Kyogamdan and Sohaphyangwon, and the changes of serum catecholamine, aldosterone and cortisol levels were measured. In this study author gave immobilization stress to rats and got the following results. 1. The contents of norepinephrine in control group were 4.26 ${\pm}$ 0.50, 3.72 ${\pm}$ 0.31ng/ml 3hr, 6hr after an oral administration of Nacl, but in sample A the contents were 3.12 ${\pm}$ 0.33, 3.20 ${\pm}$ 0.41ng/ ml and in sample B were 3.50 ${\pm}$ 0.65, 2.49 ${\pm}$ 0.55ng/ ml. The difference was obvious. 2. The contents of epinephrine in control group were 7.01 ${\pm}$ 0.85, 6.50 ${\pm}$ 0.68ng/ ml after 3hr, 6hr since Nacl was taken, but in sample A the contents were 4.95 ${\pm}$ 0.67, 4.45 ${\pm}$ 0.58ng/ ml and in sample B were 5.87 ${\pm}$ 0.87, 4.33 ${\pm}$ 0.59ng/ ml. The real significance lies in 6hr after administration of Sample A and B. 3. The contents of cortisol in control group were 3.39 ${\pm}$ 0.04, 3.73 ${\pm}$ 0.04ng / ml, but in sample A were 2.99 ${\pm}$ 0.02, 4.74 ${\pm}$ 0.04, and in sample B were 2.69 ${\pm}$ 0.03, 3.79 ${\pm}$ 0.03ng / ml. The real significance lies in 3hr since sample A and B were taken. 4. The aldosterone contents in control group were 1121.90 ${\pm}$ 71.90, 1454.30 ${\pm}$ 168.50 pg / ml, but in sample A were 1198.20 ${\pm}$ 69.10, 1257.50 ${\pm}$ 180.70 and in sample B were 776.30 ${\pm}$ 79.10, 1367.00 ${\pm}$ 170.10 pg / ml. The real significance lies in 3hr Sample B was taken. Base on the results above, it may be concluded that Kyogamdan and Sohaphyangwon are effective to prevent the changes by stress and Sohaphyangwon is better effective than Kyogamdan to prevent stress.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 담수 및 해수사육 감성돔을 대상으로 $T_3$가 처리된 사료(10 mg/kg사료)를 90일간 공급하면서 어체의 스트레스, 삼투압조절 및 성장을 조사하였다. 혈장 $T_3$ 농도는 60일째에 FN, FT이 SN, ST에 비해 낮았으며, 또한 FN은 FT보다 유의하게 낮았다. 혈장 cortisol은 60일째를 제외하고는 실험구 사이에서 차이가 없었다 60일째에 FT $(21.0{\pm}3.3ng/ml)$는 $FN(5.1{\pm}1.4ng/ml)$보다 4배정도 높았으며, 또한 유의한 차이는 인정되지 않았지만 ST가 SN에 비해 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. FN, FT의 혈장 glucose는 실험기간동안 SN, ST에 비해 낮은 경향을 보였으나, 담수 및 해수사육 감성돔에서 호르몬 처리에 의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 해수사육 감성돔의 AST 및 ALT는 실험기간동안 차이가 없었으나, 실험개시시 FN, FT의 AST및 ALT는 SN, ST보다 높았다. 또한 FN, FT의 AST의 해수수준으로 회복은 각각 실험종료시와 30일째에 해수수준으로 나타나 호르몬을 처리한 FT가 더 빨랐다. 그러나, 담수 및 해수사육 감성돔의 삼투압조절 향상 및 성장촉진을 위한 외인성 $T_3$ 공급 효과는 나타나지 않았다.